1、被动语态,the Passive Voice,被动语态基本用法 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+ （及物动词）过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,温馨提示： 只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词如：come, go, happen, take place, 等没有被动语态。 eg. Great changes have taken place in this town in the past ten years.,7. Many people _ during the earthquake in May
2、, 2008. A. were diedB. deadC. died,happen, last, die等动词不使用被动.,1.规则动词的过去分词：,1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed,watch-watched,2)以不发音e结尾的加-d,practice-practiced,3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed,study-studied,4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母， 先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed,stop-stopped,2.不规则动词的过去分词：,am,is,are,been,have,has,had,do,done,write,written,go,gone,一：英语
3、的谓语动词有两种语态,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,： 宾语提前主语变， 原主变宾by后见， 时态人称be关键。,1. They make shoes in that factory.主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.,变为被动语态,一般现在时被动结构：,am/is /are +过去分词,His brother washes bowls every day.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Bowls,are washed,by,hi
4、s brother,every day.,He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.,The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.,We call the snowman Mr. Strong.,The snowman is called Mr. Strong.,2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词,He bo
5、ught some fruits yesterday.,Some fruits were bought yesterday.,3Amy can take good care of Gina ,Gina can be taken good care of by Amy. 情态动词： S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,He may carry the basket easily.,The basket may be carried by him easily.,Our students mustnt smoke cigarettes.,Cigarettes must
6、nt be smoked by our students.,They can sing some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.,3. Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now.,现在进行时被动结构：,am/is/are + being +PP,They are holding a sports meeting now.,A sports meeting is being he
7、ld (by them) now.,They are playing volleyball now.,Volleyball is being played (by them) now,4.She was interviewing the famous man at this time yesterday.,The famous man was being interviewed by her at this time yesterday.,过去进行时被动结构：,was/were + being +PP,He was playing basketball at 8:00 last night.,
8、Basketball was being played at 8:00 last night.,5.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten days.,一般将来时被动结构：,will+ be +过去分词,Tom will clean the room tomorrow.,主,谓,宾(受动者),The room,will be cleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,The girl will finish her homework in twenty minut
9、es.,Her homework will be finished( by the girl) in twenty minutes.,They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.,An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.,is/am/are going to + be + pp,8.We have made twenty keys,Twenty keys have been made by us.,现在完成时被动结构：,have/has + been+过去分词,Workers have bu
10、ilt the house since two years ago.,The house has been built since two years ago.,各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时： 一般过去时： 情态动词： 一般将来时： 现在进行时： 现在完成时： 过去进行时：,S+am/is /are +P.P S+was/were +P.P. S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P. S+ will+be+ P.P. S+ am/is/are + being + P.P. S+ have/has + been+ P.P. S+ was/were+being+ P
11、.P.,被动语态的用法,1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。,这块手表是中国制造的。 This watch is made in China.,2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者,每年都应该种更多的树。 Many trees should be planted every year.,何时使用被动语态呢？,3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。,世界上越来越多的人说汉语。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.,4. 句子的主语是动作的承受者。,许多房屋被冲走了。 Many houses were washed away by the
12、flood.,汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS. 众所周知 It is well known that coffee is bad for our health. 据推测说 It is supposed that ,四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。 例如： Tina is asked to come by Paul Tina是被Paul叫来的。 五、
13、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，1989,Exercises: 一.选择填空: Windows of glass. be made B. is made C. are madeD. been made 2. The house in 2004. is built B. is building C. was built D. used 3. A coat can for keeping warm. be used B. is used C. been used D. used,C,C,A,4. Watches_ Shanghai.A. are ma
14、de in B. is madeC. are made from D. made 5. This desk is made _ wood.A. of B. from C. in D. by 6.The things on show were _ the old days.A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in 7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and SuzhouA. is produced B. are producedC. produced D. is produces,A,A,D,A,1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。,如：belong
15、, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。,* Great changes have taken place in this city.,* That bike doesnt belong to Mike.,不用被动语态的几种情况：,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,have / fit,I have a TV set.,The coat fits me well.,3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。 【正】Look at the blackboard，ple
16、ase 【误】The blackboard is looked at by you,不用被动语态的几种情况：,4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态,这鱼味道很好。,这条围巾摸上去很软。,The fish tastes good.,The scarf feels soft.,5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself 【误】Yourself must be looked after,4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。,这书很好卖。,这种布很好洗。,The book sells well.,This kind of clot
17、h washes very well.,这书卖完了。,The book is sold out.,注意:,约翰打开了收音机。,John turned on the radio.,The radio was turned on.,奶奶照看我姐姐。,Grandma takes care of my sister.,My sister is taken care of by Grandma.,注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。,We must speak to old people politely.,Old people must be spoken to politely.,四几种值得注意的被动语态变
18、化,1,带复合宾语的被动语态结构,（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.,Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.,Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.,watch let have listen to hear see notice look at,一感二听三使四看,feel / hear listen/ make have let/ look see watch notice,这十大动词在主动句中动词用原形，但在变为被动语态时必须加上t
19、o,We usually hear him play in the next room.,He is usually heard to play in the next room.,1. I was given a book by him. (间宾作主）,He gave me a book. (变被动）,主语,谓语,间宾,直宾,2. A book was given to me by him.,2 带双宾语的被动结构,My mother bought me a birthday cake.,主语,谓语,间宾,直宾,1. I was bought a birthday cake by my mo
20、ther.,2. A birthday cake was bought for me by my mother.,Bob sent Kate a letter last year.,=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.,=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.,tell ask bring write give teach pass lend,to,He told Jim a story.,Mum made me a new dress.,I was made a new dress by Mum.
21、A new dress was made for me by Mum.,make buy draw,for,I bought my brother a book.,带有双宾语的动词变为被动歌谣：,原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。直宾要把主语变，间宾前加to或for。,变为被动时，间宾前加to 的带有双宾语的动词有：14个 bring, teach, pass, hand, give, lend, refuse,leave, promise, tell, return, show, send , write.,变为被动时，间宾前加for 的带有双宾语的动词有：5个
22、 buy, get, do, pay, sing.,2. look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。 例： It smells wonderful.Mooncakes taste delicious.,3. 在be worth doing中,doing表被动意义。 例：This book is worth reading.,4. want/need+doing =want/need+to be done例：My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。,1.People use kni
23、ves for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,EXERCISES,(变被动语态）,3.I found the ticket on the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor. 4.I told her to return the book in time. She _ _ to re
24、turn the book in time.,5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time? 8.Must we finish our work today
25、? _ our work_ _ today?,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps. 2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _ _ to turn on the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women
26、 in this factory.,12.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike _ _ _ in two days. 13.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,14.The students study German in this school. German _ _ by the students in this school. 15.Do they often talk about this questio
27、n? _ this question often _ about _ _?,1)Teenagers should _ (allow) to go out at night. 2)The telephone _ (invent) by Bell. 3) English _ (speak) in China. 4) The car _ (make) in China. 5) The room must _ (clean) every day.,( ) The flowers _ every day,or theyll die. A must water B can be watered C sho
28、uld water D must be watered ( ) Many computers will _ to our school. A be bring B be brought C bring,1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have to B are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2. The fifth generation
29、computers, _and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told,A,C,A,4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has com
30、pleted B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed
31、 C. was designed D. would be designed 7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken,D,C,B,C,8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have
32、been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for? A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D.
33、is building 11.- Do you like the cloth? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt,B,D,A,C,12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write B to write C to be written D written 13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed 14. Take care!
34、Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily. A. wont wash out B. wont be washed out C. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out 15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out,B,C,A,D,16. The computers on the table
35、_ Professor Smith. A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to 17. - What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught
36、D. to catch 19. This page needed _ again. A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked 20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do it.A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching,D,C,C,D,B,6. Good medicine _ bitter to the mouth. A. tastes B. is tasted C. taste Th
37、is pen _ well. A. is sold B. sell C. sells,感官动词, 和sell等动词用主动语态表被动.,.,思考3: 选择 1.The pen _well. A . is written B . writes 2.The music _ nice. A . sounds B . is sounded,B,A,有些动词的主动形式表示被动含义,注意问题3：,1.read,sell, last, wash, write等带状语 （well, easily)时。如:Her book sells well.,2.感官动词feel, look, smell, sound, t
38、aste等与形容词连用时。如：The cake tastes delicious.,7. Many people _ during the earthquake in May, 2008. A. were diedB. deadC. died,happen, last, die等动词不使用被动.,1.It will happen in 50 years. ( ) 2.It will be happened in 50 years. ( ),注意问题2：,不及物动词没有被动语态，如：happen, take place , begin , becomedissappear, come out.,
39、思考2: 判断下列句子的正误,挑战,x,8. The man _ clean the toilet because he _ rubbish when the police walked past the park. A. was made; was seen to throw B. was made to; was seen throwing C. made; saw,9. Children should _. A. take good care ofB. be taken good careC. be taken good care of,固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词,10. Y
40、our desk _. A. needs repairB. needs repairingC. needs to repair,need, allow 可以用-ing形式表示 被动 need to be done = need doing be allowed to do = allow doing,中考挑战,中考被动语态考题 1.The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty thinginto it.(南京市中考题）A be stopped to throw B be stopped from throwing C stop to throw
41、D stop from throwing 2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市中考题） A arent; take away B taken away C isnt; taken away D be taken away3.He _ _ (tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. (黄冈市中考题）,was told,5. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (济南市中考题） another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态7.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青岛市中考题）8. They grow vegetables on the farm.The vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考题）,T,They sent up,were planted,are grown,
