1、第二部分 语言知识运用精做 09 完形填空议论文近几年的高考完形填空试题中，也出现了议论文体裁的完形填空。此类文章有以下几个特点：1. 首句致胜，论点明确这类文体绝大多数都把文章的首句作为主旨句，作者在这一句话中提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。2.结构清晰，合乎逻辑。 议论型完形填空的三要素：论点、论据和论证。论点、论据形成一体，相互印证。为使文章脉络清楚，有逻辑性，常使用一些连接词。如：on the contrary，generally，worse still，in conclusion，personally，further more，surely，obviously，besides，
2、firstly 等。 大家要做好议论文题材的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况： （1）开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点，然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。 （2）导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一个具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的见解。最后再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。 （3）最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，而不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就
3、是作者的论点。 3.方法论证，合情合理。 这类文章都是按一定的论证方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有： 归纳法(分析个别事物，达到共同点，得出结论)； 推理法(从原理出发，个别分析说明，得出结论)； 对照法(正反对照，分析说明，得出结论)； 驳论法(阐述错误观点，逐条批驳，阐明观点)。 【应试策略】1. 通览把握作者的观点和态度。议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点，把握作者对某一事物是褒还是贬，是赞成还是反对，而通常把握了作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。把握文章的开头，总结文章的结尾。议论文的篇首或结尾出现话题中心，通过首段或末段把握文章的主题。2
4、. 试填注意段与段之间的逻辑。议论文往往围绕某一个论点用不同的论据加以佐证，往往每一段就是一个论据，而论据和论据之间又相互联系、互为补充，每一段往往就是其中一个角度或侧面。3. 复核通读全文，检验每条论据是否都合情合理，都能强而有力地支撑论点。【解题技巧】1. 重视首句，要有推断意识完形填空一般不给出标题，但首句往往不设置空，通常是一个完整的句子，它是全文的关键句，也是主导句。考生要从这个窗口领悟文章的有用信息，根据有用信息推断文章的大意及主题，从此找到一个突破口展开思维，准确答题。2. 通读全文，要有作者意识完形填空不是单项选择，它必须建立在理解文章的基础上，因此要通读全文，从语篇的整体内容
5、出发，根据具体语境，结合语言结构，全面考虑，把握文章的脉络，理解全文大意。在通读中，找出文章的主题，尤其是作者的观点，要有作者意识，与作者达成共鸣，把握全局，理清思路，抓住主线，按照作者的思路朝着正确的方向发展，根据特定情节，找到唯一正确的，合乎逻辑的答案。3. 瞻前顾后，要有结构意识做完形填空题时首先要做到瞻前顾后。完形填空题的选项一般从语法角度来看都可以选，但必须要根据文章前后的暗示词以及行文逻辑关系来选择。其次要注意词语用法上的细微差别，结合上下文辨析词汇的内涵、外延、褒贬以及修辞色彩。还要有结构意识，根据句子结构中所需的词汇做出恰当的选择。同时，也要注意一些惯用法，并结合英美生活常识等
6、做出选择。4. 反复推敲，要有纠错意识填完所有空，还要复读一遍，从语法角度入手，仔细推敲时态、语态、语气、主谓一致、代词的格、非谓语动词的形式、形容词和副词以及名词的搭配，要有大胆的纠错意识。而且，还要克服定时思维，重视不同体裁的文章提供的任何细节，准确无误地做好完形填空题。Cloze 1（2015福建卷）体 裁 文 章 话 题 词 数 建 议 时 间 难 度 自 测 正 确 率议 论 文 寻 回 昔 日 对 生 活 的 热 情 321 15 分 钟 One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. Howe
7、ver, life can be 1 when you are not busy finding fault with it.Several years ago I 2 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always 3 by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and 4 was ever good enough. She was highly se
8、lf-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really 5 person.Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her 6 . Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 7 to deal with was that the day before the 8 , Kerry had visited her friend and had spen
9、t the whole time criticizing her 9 of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to 10 . It wasnt until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 11 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rat
10、her than to 12 everything so harshly(刻薄 ). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 13 as well.Perhaps most of us arent as extreme at fault-finding, 14 when were honest, we can be sharply 15 of the world. Im not suggesting you 16 problems, or that you pretend things are 17 than
11、they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are 18 most of the time, and especially when its not a really big 19 .Train yourself to bite your tongue, and with a little 20 , youll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, youll get back your enthusiasm and love for
12、life.1. A. lonely B. great C. quiet D. uneasy2. A. received B. answered C. expected D. rejected3. A. threatened B. interrupted C. bothered D. spoiled4. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing5. A. caring B. boring C. interesting D. surprising6. A. attitude B. plan C. measure D. explanation
13、7. A. urgent B. unnecessary C. certain D. impossible8. A. occasion B. event C. accident D. adventure9. A. memory B. notice C. evidence D. choice10. A .hear B. contribute C. express D. admit11. A. aware of B. afraid of C. curious about D. confused about12. A. discuss B. realize C. judge D. settle13.
14、A. family B. life C. career D. education14. A. so B. or C. but D. for15. A. proud B. sure C. hopeful D. critical16. A. face B. create C. solve D. ignore17. A. rarer B. better C. stranger D. worse18. A.at least B.at last C.by far D.so far19. A. task B. deal C. result D. duty20. A. practice B. speech
15、C. rest D. pity【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章通过讲述 Kerry 从一个吹毛求疵的人变为一个学会感恩生活的人，告诉我们要管好你的嘴，寻回昔日对生活的热情。4.D 根据 and 前面的句子可知，此处表示没有一件事情她觉得好，所以用 nothing。5.B 此处用 boring 表示令人厌烦的。6.A 根据下文可知,这场意外改变了她的态度。attitude 态度。7.D 事故发生前一天 Kerry 拜访了她的这个朋友并一直挑朋友的毛病。据此可知，这使得事情几乎无法应对。8.C 根据上文的it took a horrible accident 可知,此处选 C。9.D Kerry
16、批评她的朋友对男朋友的选择。choice 选择。10.C 空处所在的句子是定语从句，various other things 是先行词,关系词 that/which 代替先行词在从句中作宾语，所以用 express表达。11.A 直到她的朋友严重受伤 Kerry 才意识到她挑毛病的习惯。 aware of 意识到；afraid of 害怕；curious about 好奇；confused about 感到困惑。12. C judge 判断,评价。此处 judge harshly 和上文的appreciate life形成对比。13. B 她也能够把她的新智慧转移到她生活的其他方面。14. C
17、 上下文是转折关系，所以用 but。Cloze 2（2014广东卷）体 裁 文 章 话 题 词 数 建 议 时 间 难 度 自 测 正 确 率议 论 文 父 母 与 孩 子 的 关 系 292 17 分 钟 Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, th
18、e most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their childrens refusal to help with the 4 . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents bla
19、me them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than others. For example, those
20、 parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their childrens 9 . On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who dont help their parents with the shop
21、ping dont find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions.Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may 14
22、their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.1. A. natural B. strong C. guilty D. similar2. A.
23、 interest B. argument C. link D. knowledge3. A. noisy B. crowded C. messy D. locked4. A. homework B. housework C. problem D. research5. A. washing B. using C. dropping D. replacing6. A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes7. A. complex B. popular C. scientific D. successful8. A.
24、 later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly9. A. behavior B. taste C. future D. nature10. A. failures B. changes C. consequences D. thrills11. A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider12. A. communication B. bondC. friendship D. trust13. A. reply B. attend C. attach D. talk14. A. hate B. scold C
25、. frighten D. stop15. A. loving B. observing C. understanding D. praising【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，文章就父母与孩子的关系进行了讨论。最新研究表明，父母与孩子之间最为常见的争执在于不整洁和日常家务这两个方面。同时，父母不同的应对方法收效也不尽相同。心理学家说，在处理父母与孩子的关系时，最重要的还是在于双方的沟通和理解。2.B 下文提到parents go mad teenagers lose their patience表明此处表示父母和孩子之间的争论 (argument)。3.C 前一句提到 untidiness，
26、再根据空后的clothes thrown on the floor可知，此处应用 messy。 4.B 根据上文中的daily routine tasks可知，此处应用 housework 与之对应。5.C 当父母不断地责备孩子们在浴室乱扔毛巾，不打扫房间，不去超市购物时，孩子们会失去耐心(而跟父母争执)。 根据句意选 C。其余选项不符合语境。6.A 根据下文中的However ， some approaches are more_than others中的approaches可知此处选 A。 9. A 参见上题解析。 10.C 那些让孩子们体验行为后果的父母会做得更好。根据下句的例子，可知答
27、案为 C。 11.D 孩子们不去帮忙购物，结果就是在冰箱里找不到自己喜欢喝的饮料，因此他们不得不重新考虑他们的行为了。 12.A 下文提到 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to sayCommunication is a two-way process，由此可知答案为 A。 13.D 根 据 下 文 中 的 at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say 可 知 ， 此 处 指交 谈
28、 和 聆 听 。 14. B 根 据 下 文 中 的 but they should also understand 以 及 上 文 中 的 when parents blame them for 可知 ， 此 处 应 用 scold。15.C 父 母 与 孩 子 只 有 通 过 聆 听 和 相 互 理 解 才 能 解 决 问 题 。 上 文 中 的 they should also understand that也 是 提 示 。Cloze 1 (江西省重点中学赣中南五校高三联合适应性考试)话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率正确的态度对待成功和失败 277 17 分钟Children and
29、 young people tend to have certain role models people they want to be like when they grow 1 . Though 2 children would have wished to copy their mother, father or a (n) 3 relative, gradually these role models are thought of as famous people or popular 4 . People have different opinions about 5 popula
30、r stars or other famous people are good role models for children. Charming models, such as Katie Price, are often admired and 6 by young girls. This is the biggest worry of parents and teachers. They wish to 7 the concept that success is achieved through hard work and 8 rather than an attractive loo
31、king. Most people tend to grow up to be those who are 9 home their parents or family friends. Some decide to be like their favorite teacher. A child who loves to 10 may want to grow to be the next Picasso or Van Gogh; Someone who loves to 11 might imagine themselves as a famous writer; if a child en
32、joys dancing, he or she 12 well admire a famous dancer, but this is not the 13 . A lot of dance students wish to be like their 14 teacher. Therefore, the job of a teacher is 15 just providing knowledge of a given subject. They should be able to 16 their students trust and 17 them well. Helping young
33、sters to learn from models, to learn how to accept 18 with grace and losing with dignity, is central to any parents or teachers job. Manners are very important and a dance teacher can 19 his or her position and influence to 20 good behaviors to youngsters. 1. A. younger B. stronger C. older D. talle
34、r2. A. at first B. at last C. at least D. at most3. A. generous B. humorous C. ordinary D. favorite4. A. fans B. singers C. stars D. dancers5. A. that B. whether C. why D. if6. A. caught up with B. looked down upon C. thought highly of D. made fun of7. A. hold B. encourage C. receive D. ignore8. A.
35、luck B. effort C. imagination D. creativity9. A. similar to B. far from C. close to D. different from10. A. read and write B. sing and dance C. draw and paint D. listen and speak11. A. dance B. think C. sing D. read12. A. may B. should C. must D. need13. A. case B. trouble C. matter D. deal14. A. ar
36、t B. music C. piano D. dance15. A. better than B. more than C. rather than D. less than16. A. accept B. lose C. receive D. gain17. A. negotiate with B. communicate with C. keep up with D. put up with18. A. challenging B. failing C. winning D. falling19. A. take charge of B. lose control of C. get ri
37、d of D. make use of20. A. introduce B. press C. turn D. push【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。很多青少年都将名人或明星作为自己的偶像。人们对这种现象持不同观点。作者认为，作为教师或家长，他们的中心任务就是要引导青少年正确的向偶像学习，以正确的态度对待成功和失败。3.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。generous 慷慨的；humorous 幽默的；ordinary 普通的；favorite 最喜欢的。由语境可知，孩子把亲戚作为自己的偶像，由此可以推知，这个亲戚肯定是他最喜欢的。故D 选项切题。4.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fan 迷；sin
38、ger 歌手；star 明星，星星；dancer 跳舞者，舞蹈演员。由语境可知，逐渐地，孩子的偶像就会变成名人或明星。故 C 选项切题。下文第一句中亦有提示。5.B【解析】考查宾语从句。由语境可知，人们对于以名人或明星作为偶像是否对孩子们好持不同观点。故 B 选项切题。6.C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。catch up with 赶上；look down upon 看不起；think highly of 高度赞扬；make fun of 取笑。该空和前面的 admire 并列，年轻的女孩子们对 Katie Price 评价很高，经常赞美她，以她为偶像。故 C 选项切题。7.B【解析】考查动词词义
39、辨析。hold 拿，握；encourage 鼓励；receive 收到；ignore 忽略。由语境可知，父母希望鼓励这样一个观念：成功是通过努力获得的而不是通过迷人的外表获得的。故 B 选项切题。8.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。luck 运气；effort 努力；imagination 想象力；creativity 创造力。该空和前面的 hard work 并列，故 B 选项切题。成功是通过努力获得的。B 选项切题。9.C【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。similar to 与相似； far from 远离；close to 离近；different from 和不同。由后文的 their par
40、ents or family friends 可知，大部分人长大之后往往成为和自己离得近的人。故 C 选项切题。10.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。read and write 读写； sing and dance 唱歌跳舞；draw and paint 画画和绘画；listen and speak 听和写。Picasso or Van Gogh 都是画家的名字，故可知，喜欢画画的孩子希望成为下一个毕加索或梵高。C 选项切题。11.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。dance 跳舞；think 想，认为；sing 唱；read 读。由后文的writer可知，喜欢阅读的人希望自己成为一名作家。故 D 选
41、项切题。12.A【解析】考查情态动词。may 可能，可以；should 应该；must 必须；need 需要，必要。may well 意为很可能。一个喜欢跳舞的人很可能想成为一名著名的舞蹈家。故 A 选项切题。13.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。case 情况，案例，病例；trouble 麻烦；matter 事情，问题，物质；deal 协定，交易，大量。由语境可知，情况并非总是如此。A 选项切题。14.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。art 艺术；music 音乐；piano 钢琴；dance 舞蹈。很多学舞蹈的学生希望成为像他们舞蹈老师那样的人。故 D 选项切题。15.B【解析】考查短语辨析。be
42、tter than 比好；more than 超过，比多；rather than 而不是；less than 比少。由语境可知，老师的工作不仅仅只是向学生传授知识。B 选项切题。16.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。accept 接受；lose 失去；receive 收到；gain 获得。由语境可知，老师应该能够获得学生的信任。故 D 选项切题。18.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。challenge 挑战；fail 失败；win 获胜；fall 落下，摔倒。由语境可知，教师或者父母的中心职责就是要帮助青少年像偶像学习，教给他们如何优雅地接受胜利，如何在失败的时候保持尊严。win 和后文的 lose
43、对应。故 C 选项切题。19.D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。take charge of 负责，管理；lose control of 失去对的控制；get rid of 摆脱，除去；make use of 利用。由语境可知，舞蹈老师可以利用自己的职位和影响将好的行为介绍给青少年。故 D 选项切题。20.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。introduce 介绍，引入；press 按，压；turn 翻转，转动；push 推，逼迫。结合上一题解析可知，A 选项切题。Cloze 2(江西省宜春市奉新县第一中学等四校高三联考)话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率美国人对于时间的态度 283 17 分钟What
44、is time? Is it a thing to be saved or 1 or wasted, like money? Or is it something we have no control 2 , like the weather? Is time the same all over the world? Thats an easy question, you say. 3 you go, a minute is 60 seconds, an hour is 60 minutes, a day is 24 hours, and so forth. Well, maybe. But
45、in America, time is 4 that. Americans see time as a valuable 5 . Maybe thats why they are 6 of the expression, Time is money. To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing 7 for other peoples time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually 8 an apology, and maybe an explanation. Peop
46、le 9 are running late often call ahead to let others know of the 10 . Of course, the less formal the situation, the less important it is to be exactly 11 . At informal get-togethers, 12 , people often arrive as much as 30 minutes past the 13 time. But they usually dont try that at work. American lif
47、estyles show 14 people respect the time of others. When people plan an event, they often 15 the time days or weeks in advance. Once the time is fixed, it takes almost a(n) 16 to change it. If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit, they will usually 17 first to make sure it is conven
48、ient. Only very close friends will just 18 unannounced. Also, people hesitate to call others late at night for fear they 19 be in bed. The time may vary, but most folks think 20 about calling after 10:00 p. m. 1. A. bought B. ignored C. spent D. killed2. A. over B. in C. with D. for3. A. However B.
49、Whenever C. Whatever D. Wherever4. A. less than B. no more than C. not more than D. more than5. A. resource B. material C. source D. factor6. A. short B. fond C. crazy D. enthusiastic7. A. preference B. mercy C. respect D. hatred8. A. calls for B. arises from C. makes for D. results from9. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose10. A. time B. result C. explanation D. delay11. A. in time B. on time C. ahead of time D. over time12.A. such as B
