1、专题十特殊句式,-2-,基础考法,能力考法,考法1考查强调句型高考主要考查强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他.”中的it和that/who。【典型例题1】(2013重庆卷改编)It was with the help of the local guide the mountain climber was rescued.解析:句意:正是在当地导游的帮助下,这个登山者才得以获救。去掉It was及设空处后,该句可还原为“The mountain climber was rescued with the help of the local guide.”,句子结构及句
2、意依然完整,由此可知,本句为强调句,故填that。考法总结设空处无提示词,去掉It was及设空处后句子结构及意义仍完整,即可确定题干为强调句,设空处为强调句的连接词,故可得出答案为that。,-3-,基础考法,能力考法,【典型例题2】(2016天津卷改编)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.解析:第二句句意:长途汽车是在宾馆那里接游客的。本句的被强调部分是at the hotel。故填that。考法总结强调句的判断方法是将It/is/was与that/who去掉后,句子
3、意思依然清楚,结构依然完整。经判断“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整,句意明确,故本句是强调句。,-4-,基础考法,能力考法,考法2考查倒装在语法填空及短文改错题型中,对倒装句的考查较少,但有可能会考查部分倒装中助动词以及系动词的使用。【典型例题3】(2013江西卷改编)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness I speak to him again.解析:句意:只有当他为自己的无礼道歉时,我才会再跟他说话。当“only+状语(从句)”位于句首时,主句要部分倒装,即将助动词提至主语之前。根
4、据句意可以判断,此处应该是对将来事情的叙述。故使用将来时态,因此填will。考法总结only when位于句子开头,该句可能是部分倒装句式;然后根据句意推测出主句应用一般将来时。,-5-,基础考法,能力考法,考法3考查其他特殊句式在语法填空题型中,除了可能考查强调句和倒装句之外,祈使句也可能会考查到,主要考查点有:(1)根据句式特点判断是祈使句还是状语成分。(2)固定句型:“祈使句(或名词词组)+and/or+陈述句”。【典型例题4】(2014大纲全国卷改编) (call) me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.解析:此处是“祈使句+a
5、nd+陈述句”结构,该句式相当于“if从句+主句”。句意:明天给我打电话,我会让你知道实验结果。故答案为Call。考法总结and前面的分句没有主语,考虑此处为“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,设空处位于句首,因此用动词原形。,-6-,基础考法,能力考法,考法1熟记句型结构,轻松确定答案常考的特殊句式都有一定的规律和句式结构,只要平时记住这些规律和特征,便可轻松确定答案。比如强调句基本结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who.”,其判断方法为:若去掉It is/was和that/who之后,句子仍完整,则题干为强调句。【典型例题1】(2014湖南卷改编)Its not doing
6、the things we like,but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.解析:句意:使生活变得快乐的不是做喜欢做的事情,而是乐于做我们不得不做的事情。将Its及设空处去掉,题干可还原成:Not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.句子结构及意义依然完整,可判断本句为强调句型。故填that。,-7-,基础考法,能力考法,考法2巧用还原法,化难为易对于一些特殊句型,一般情况下,考生可以把它还原为正常句型,如把
7、倒装语序还原为正常语序,把省略句补全等,便能大大降低解题难度。【典型例题2】At the top of the hill (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.解析:当介词短语置于句首时,句子应用完全倒装,去除修饰部分which has a wonderful view of the whole city后,还原成正常语序为:An old cottage (lie)at the top of the hill.句意:山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古老小屋。结合定语从句的时态可以判断,此处应用一般现在
8、时。故填lies。,-8-,1.(2016全国卷改编)It could be anything,but whatever it is,(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.2.In the terrorist attack,from the national stadium to the theater,there is a smell of blood in the air. is fear.,make考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知,but连接两个并列分句。其中第二
9、个分句中,whatever引导让步状语从句,其后为祈使句充当主句。故填make。,So考查倒装句。句意:在这场恐怖袭击中,从国家体育场到剧院空气中弥漫着血腥味,还有恐惧。根据句意可知,空处应填So,“so+be动词+主语”表示前面所叙述的情况也适用于后者。,-9-,3. seems to be an intense competition among students to enter a key university.,There考查there be句型。句意:学生们进入重点大学的竞争似乎很激烈。此处考查there be句型。,4.I recently saw a picture of me
10、 before my operation,and I knowa big job my chief doctor did.5.It is only when you nearly lose someone you become fully aware of how much you value him.,what考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知,此处为感叹句,what引起的感叹句的结构为:what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数。故填what。,that考查强调句。句意:只有当你几乎失去某个人时,你才能充分认识到你是多么在乎他。分析句子结构可知,这是一个强调句,“It is+被强调部分+that”
11、,此处强调时间状语,所以空格处填that。,-10-,6.Beer bottles can be recycled but they need cleaning thoroughly, they?,dont考查反意疑问句。句意:啤酒瓶可以回收利用,但需要彻底清洗,是不是?根据句子结构判断,此处为反意疑问句,其陈述部分是并列句,附加问句与邻近分句一致,即动词取决于实义动词need。故填助动词dont。,7.The parents didnt tolerate their kids rudeness at the party,nor they allow themselves to be diso
12、beyed.,did考查倒装句。句意:父母们不允许他们的孩子在聚会上表现得没礼貌,也不允许自己的命令不被服从。根据句意可知,这里表示“既不也不”,当否定词nor被放在句首时,该句要用部分倒装;由didnt可知此处应用一般过去时。故填did。,-11-,8. Jason shared his ideas with us,we would have made more progress.9.It is people wearing “uncomfortable looking” shoes tend to have “calm” personalities,according to the res
13、earch.,Had考查倒装句。句意:如果杰森和我们分享了他的想法,我们会取得更大的进步。分析句子结构和根据句意可知,此处考查虚拟语气中的倒装,if虚拟条件句中有had,should,were时,if可省略,从句中的主谓要倒装,这里表示与过去事实相反,所以用Had。,that/who考查强调句。分析该句结构可知,该句为强调句型“It is.that/who.”,被强调部分为:people wearing “uncomfortable looking” shoes。故填that/who。,-12-,10.On top of the hill (stand) a temple,which date
14、s back to the ages of the Song Dynasty.,stands考查倒装句。句意:在山顶上有一座寺庙,它始建于宋朝。表示地点的介词短语位于句首,句子要完全倒装;句子主语是a temple,故stand要用第三人称单数形式。,-13-,1.It was Susans guidance which made me a better speaker and full of confidence.2.As the proverb says,“Where there has a will,theres a way.”3.Thank you,Tom.But could you
15、tell me where it was you found my wallet?,whichthat考查强调句。分析句子结构可知,本句是一个强调句,被强调部分是“Susans guidance”,指物,故将which改为that。,hasis考查there be句型。句意:正如谚语所说,“有志者,事竟成”。本处应用there be句型,根据a will可知,应将has改为is。,was后加that考查强调句。句意:谢谢你,汤姆。但是你能告诉我你是在哪里找到我的钱包的吗?分析句子结构可知,后一句中用了特殊疑问句的强调句。,-14-,4.What surprising it is that Bi
16、ll shouldnt realize what has happened!5.Only when I walked into the classroom and took out the books I realize that I had left the English book at home.,WhatHow考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知surprising为形容词,故此处应用how引起感叹句,故将What改为How。,books后加did考查倒装句及时态。句意:直到我走进教室拿出书我才意识到我把英语书落在家里了。“Only+状语从句”置于句首时,主句需用部分倒装形式;再根据题干中的“
17、had left”可以推断出应该用一般过去时,故在books后加did。,-15-,6.Mum,let us,Lily and me,go to visit the new provincial museum tomorrow,shall you?,shallwill考查反意疑问句。句意:妈妈,明天让我和莉莉去参观新建的省博物馆,好吗?反意疑问句的陈述句部分是以let us开头的祈使句,其附加问句用will you,以lets开头的祈使句,附加问句用shall we。,7.It was not until the boat started to sink when I worried abou
18、t my safety.,whenthat考查强调句。句意:直到船开始下沉我才担心我的安全。本处是对“not until.”结构的强调句,被强调部分是时间状语,故用that。,-16-,8.Never does it occur to Andrew that he could be admitted to the famous company.9.There will be an exciting football match in our school tomorrow,wont it?,doesdid考查倒装句及时态。句意:安德鲁从来没有想到他会被这家有名的公司录用。never放在句首,句
19、子要用部分倒装;根据语境及从句时态可知,主句用一般过去时,再由主句中的实义动词occur可知需用助动词did。,itthere考查there be句型。句意:明天我们学校将有一场激动人心的足球赛,是不是?本题考查there be句型的反意疑问句,附加问句中应用there,故将it改为there。,-17-,10.So delighted was my cousins that they didnt hear the doorbell ringing.,waswere考查倒装句。句意:我的堂兄妹非常高兴,都没有听到门铃响了。“so.that.”中的so位于句首,主句用倒装。本题中主句是系表结构,
20、由cousins可知,应将was改为were。,-18-,Switzerland is famous 1. its watches.However,this country didnt invent the watch.It was the British who did it.Here is a story of how the watch 2. (bring) to Switzerland.Many years ago,3. Englishman travelled to Italy and on his way he stopped in a small town 4. (call) G
21、eneva in Switzerland.This Englishman travelled in a carriage inside which there was a carriage watch.This was the 5.(early) kind of watch.A blacksmith happened to see the watch.He wondered what it was 6. asked the Englishman about it.“It is a carriage watch,” said the Englishman.“This machine can te
22、ll the time but now 7. isnt working.”,-19-,At once the man offered to try repairing it.So the 8.(travel) handed him the watch.The man was very clever.It was easy for him 9.(repair) it.He even remembered how it was made.And he made a watch of 10.(exact) the same type.,-20-,【解题导语】瑞士以手表而闻名于世,但是瑞士人并没有发明
23、手表,手表是由英国人带入瑞士的。1.for考查介词。be famous for是固定搭配,意为“以而著称”,符合语境。故填for。2.was brought考查动词的时态和语态。句意:这里有一个故事,讲的是手表是如何被带到瑞士的。故事讲述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时;且bring这一动作与主语“the watch”之间构成动宾关系,故用一般过去时的被动式。故填was brought。3.an考查冠词。根据语境可知,此处“Englishman”是第一次提到的名词且表示泛指,应用不定冠词;且Englishman的读音以元音音素开头。故用an。,-21-,4.called考查非谓语动词。根据语境可
24、知,一个英国人去意大利旅行,途中他停留在瑞士一个叫做Geneva的小镇。因为call与“Geneva”之间为动宾关系,所以此处应用call的过去分词形式构成分词短语做后置定语,修饰名词town。故填called。5.earliest考查形容词最高级。根据语境及空格前的“the”可知,此处应用最高级,表示这是最早款式的表。故填earliest。6.and考查连词。根据语境可知,他想知道这是什么东西,就向这个英国人询问,此处表示顺承,应用连词and连接。故填and。7.it考查代词。此处指代上文提到的“This machine”。故填it。8.traveller考查名词。根据语境可知,这个旅行者把表递给了他。此句中缺少主语,且主语是指人的名词。故填traveller。,-22-,9.to repair考查非谓语动词。该空考查句型“Its+形容词+for sb to do sth.”。故填to repair。10.exactly考查副词。此处应用exact的副词形式修饰短语“of the same type”。故填exactly。,
