1、实验报告课程名称：三维图形设计学 院：计算机科学与工程专 业：计算机科学与技术指导教师：周川学生姓名： 学 号：实验成绩：日 期： 2014 年 5 月 19 日电子科技大学计算机学院实验中心电 子 科 技 大 学实 验 报 告一、实验三：OpenGL 光照与材质编程实验二、实验室名称：主楼 A2-412 实验时间：2014 年 5 月 19 日 三、实验目的：1、理解 OpenGL 光照模型的相关原理，掌握与光照参数和对象材质设置相关的OpenGL API 函数的用法，熟悉光照与材质参数设置的基本技巧；2、理解 OpenGL 混合（融合）的基本原理，掌握与混合相关的 OpenGL API 函
2、数的用法。四、实验原理：1. openGL 图形编程技术原理2. 选择与拾取、光照与材质、混合与透明、纹理贴图、菜单。五、实验内容：（一）编程任务 1绘制一个具有光照的房间1、建立光照场景并为场景中的几何对象设置材质属性void CreateWorld()a. 四面墙壁 void CreateWall()b. 屋顶 void CreateCeiling()c. 地板 void CreateGround()d. 一个圆锥体和一个球体 void CreateFurnishings()e. 在房间中创建并放置两个光源 void CreateLightAndProxy(void)a) 一个是点光源b)
3、 一个是聚光灯；c) 为光源创建代理几何体（Proxy） ，可以通过鼠标拖动光源代理来交互式的移动光源；2、绘制场景void DrawWorld(void)a. 绘制四面墙壁 void DrawWall()b. 绘制屋顶 void DrawCeiling()c. 绘制地板 void DrawGround()d. 绘制屋内物品 void DrawFurnishings()e. 绘制光源代理 voidDrawLightProxy()其它要求：1、可交互式移动光源；2、可用右键菜单交互式的开启或关闭场景光照；3、可利用键盘快捷键调整球的材质属性，如辉度系数（GL_SHININESS）等。分析材质是如
4、何影响几何对象的光照效果的。（二）编程任务 2绘制一个具有地板反光效果的房间利用 OpenGL 混合功能可以模拟地板反光效果，这需要将地板和场景中其它物体分开处理，其基本思路如下：1、首先以上下颠倒的方式来绘制出地板镜像场景(即沿着地板面将光源和场景进行镜像)；2、接者利用混合在上述镜像场景之上绘制出半透明的地板；3、最后以正常的光源和场景位置来绘制场景。参考代码如下：void RenderScene(void)glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);glPushMatrix();/ 光源镜像移动到地板下，以照射这个“镜像”场景gl
5、Lightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, fLightPosMirror);glPushMatrix();/场景被镜像，同时交换正反面glFrontFace(GL_CW);glScalef(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);DrawWorldExGround();glFrontFace(GL_CCW);glPopMatrix();/ 在镜像场景上绘制一个半透明的地板glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);glEnable(GL_BLEND);glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);DrawGround(
6、);glDisable(GL_BLEND);glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);/ 恢复正常的光照，并正确绘制场景glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, fLightPos);DrawWorldExGround();glPopMatrix();glutSwapBuffers();六、实验器材（设备、元器件）：电脑型号 戴尔 System Inspiron N4110 笔记本电脑操作系统 Windows 8 专业版 64 位 ( DirectX 11 )软件环境 Microsoft Visual Studio Express 2012 for Windows
7、DesktopOpenGL Glut3.7七、实验步骤：1.做出具有两个光照的房间2.利用拾取做出交互的光照代理3.做出其他相关附加需求如菜单4.利用透明与变换做出反光地板八、实验数据及结果分析：（一）交互光照房间1. 代码：#include#include#define W 500/窗口宽#define H 500/窗口高#define D 50.0/因为鼠标移动数据太大，而世界坐标设定得太小，所以用D将鼠标移动增量进行缩小映射int hits,hitx,hity;/命中次数、坐标GLint viewport4;GLuint selectBuf512;/材质属性结构定义typedef str
8、uct matattrGLfloat ambient4;GLfloat diffuse4;GLfloat specular4;GLfloat shininess;matattr;/各种材质数据设置matattr ball=0.2,0.3,0.3,1.0,0.3,0.3,0.85,1.0,0.5,0.5,0.81,1.0,50.0;matattr cone=0.3,0.0,0.0,1.0,0.6,0.0,0.0,1.0,0.8,0.6,0.6,1.0,50.0;matattr wall=0.2,0.5,0.5,1.0,0.2,0.5,0.5,1.0,0.9,0.9,0.9,1.0,100.0;m
9、atattr ceiling=0.5,0.5,0.7,1.0,0.5,0.5,0.9,1.0,0.9,0.9,0.9,1.0,100.0;matattr ground=0.9,0.0,0.4,1.0,0.9,0.0,0.4,1.0,0.9,0.9,0.9,1.0,100.0;matattr light=1.0,1.0,0.1,1.0,1.0,1.0,0.1,1.0,0.8,0.8,0.2,1.0,50.0;/0光照（点光源）属性GLfloat position0=-2.0,3.0,8.0,1.0;GLfloat ambient0=0.1,0.1,0.1,1.0;GLfloat diffuse0
10、=1.0,1.0,0.8,1.0;GLfloat specular0=1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0;/1光照（聚光灯）属性GLfloat position1=-2.0,-2.0,8.0,1.0;GLfloat ambient1=0.1,0.1,0.1,1.0;GLfloat diffuse1=1.0,1.0,0.8,1.0;GLfloat specular1=1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0;GLfloat direction1=0.0,0.0,-1.0;/法向量GLfloat normals3=1.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0,0.0,0.0,-1.0,0.0,0.0,-1.0,0.0
11、,0.0,0.0,-1.0,0.0,0.0,1.0;/全局光照参数设置（不使用默认的全局光）GLfloat global_ambient=0.5,0.5,0.5,1.0;/图片贴图数组GLubyte image443;GLUquadric *p;/=/=/赋予材质函数void evmat(matattr *mat)glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_AMBIENT,mat-ambient);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_DIFFUSE,mat-diffuse);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,G
12、L_SPECULAR,mat-specular);glMaterialf(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_SHININESS,mat-shininess);/创建房间void CreateWall()evmat(glNormal3fv(normals0);glBegin(GL_POLYGON);/前面glVertex3f(-5.0,-5.0,0.0);glVertex3f(-5.0,5.0,0.0);glVertex3f(-5.0,5.0,10.0);glVertex3f(-5.0,-5.0,10.0);glEnd();glNormal3fv(normals1);glBegin(GL
13、_POLYGON);/左边glVertex3f(5.0,-5.0,0.0);glVertex3f(5.0,-5.0,10.0);glVertex3f(-5.0,-5.0,10.0);glVertex3f(-5.0,-5.0,0.0);glEnd();glNormal3fv(normals2);glBegin(GL_POLYGON);/右边glVertex3f(5.0,5.0,0.0);glVertex3f(-5.0,5.0,0.0);glVertex3f(-5.0,5.0,10.0);glVertex3f(5.0,5.0,10.0);glEnd();glNormal3fv(normals3);
14、glBegin(GL_POLYGON);/后面glVertex3f(5.0,-5.0,0.0);glVertex3f(5.0,5.0,0.0);glVertex3f(5.0,5.0,10.0);glVertex3f(5.0,-5.0,10.0);glEnd();void CreateCeiling()evmat(glNormal3fv(normals4);glBegin(GL_POLYGON);glVertex3f(-5.0,-5.0,10.0);glVertex3f(5.0,-5.0,10.0);glVertex3f(5.0,5.0,10.0);glVertex3f(-5.0,5.0,10.
15、0);glEnd();void CreateGround()evmat(glNormal3fv(normals5);glBegin(GL_POLYGON);glTexCoord2f(0.0,0.0);glVertex3f(-5.0,-5.0,0.0);glTexCoord2f(0.0,15.0);glVertex3f(5.0,-5.0,0.0);glTexCoord2f(15.0,15.0);glVertex3f(5.0,5.0,0.0);glTexCoord2f(0.0,15.0);glVertex3f(-5.0,5.0,0.0);glEnd();void CreateFurnishings
16、()evmat(glPushMatrix();glTranslatef(-4.0,-2.0,0.0);glutSolidCone(1.0,2.0,80,50);evmat(glTranslatef(1.0,2.0,1.0);gluSphere(p,1.0,80,50);glPopMatrix();void CreateLightAndProxy(GLenum mode)glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,position0);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,diffuse0);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPECULA
17、R,specular0);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_AMBIENT,ambient0);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1,GL_POSITION,position1);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1,GL_DIFFUSE,diffuse1);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1,GL_SPECULAR,specular1);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1,GL_AMBIENT,ambient1);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1,GL_SPOT_DIRECTION,direction1);glLightf(GL_LIGHT1,GL_SPOT_C
18、UTOFF,30);glLightf(GL_LIGHT1,GL_SPOT_EXPONENT,1.0);evmat(if(mode = GL_SELECT) glLoadName(1);/1是矩形，点光源glPushMatrix();glTranslatef(position00,position01,position02);glBegin(GL_POLYGON);glVertex3f(0,-0.25,-0.25);glVertex3f(0,-0.25,0.25);glVertex3f(0,0.25,0.25);glVertex3f(0,0.25,-0.25);glEnd();glPopMatr
19、ix();if(mode = GL_SELECT) glLoadName(2);/2是三角形，聚光灯glPushMatrix();glTranslatef(position10,position11,position12);glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);glVertex3f(0,-0.25,-0.25);glVertex3f(0,0.0,0.5);glVertex3f(0,0.25,-0.25);glEnd();glPopMatrix();void CreateWorld()CreateLightAndProxy(GL_RENDER);CreateWall();CreateCei
20、ling();CreateGround();CreateFurnishings();/主display函数void display()glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);glLoadIdentity();gluPerspective(80.0,1.0,1.0,100.0);glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);glLoadIdentity();gluLookAt(4.5,0.0,5.0, 0.0,0.0,5.0, 0.0,0.0,1.0);CreateWorld();
