1、Translation & Culture,翻译与文化,Examination,I. Correctly match (110 points)II. Multiple choices (215 points) III. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese (152 points)IV. Translate the following paragraphs into English (152 points) No Electronic Dictionary! Fine with Paper Dictionary,E/C翻译技巧词义的理解
2、与选择 常见词的新意思 搭配否定表达恰切文化翻译：增补背景解释背景；译意为主,C/E词义 搭配:主谓;修饰语形合意合 文化差异 名词动词,He is employed in watering the garden.他被雇来浇花园。他忙于浇花园。The tunnel is 20 meters below the sea. 隧道在海床底下 20 米。 隧道在海面下 20 米。I cant praise the novel too highly.我不能过分赞扬这部小说。这部小说我怎么赞扬都不过分。,这只表的价钱很贵。Thepriceofthewatchisdear.Thewatchisdear.周末
3、许多人睡得很晚。Manypeoplegotobedverylateatweekends.Manypeoplesleeplateatweekends. 玛丽是个才女，不想当花瓶。Mary is a talented woman. She doesnt want to be treated as a vase.Mary is a talented woman. She doesnt want to be just another pretty face.他每天负责邮件投递。He is in charge of delivering mails every day.His job is to del
4、iver mails every day.,Practice,“中国制造”指在中国制造的商品所附的标签。由于中国有丰富的劳动力资源和原材料资源等优势，中国制造的产品物美价廉，受到世界各国的欢迎。中国的制造业迅速发展，“中国制造”已经成为一个在全球广受认可的标签。目前中国已经成为世界制造业的中心，被称为“世界工厂”。尽管全球大量的电子产品和鞋都是中国制造，但这些产品的设计都是在欧美国家完成的。如今越来越多的中国公司致力于开创自己的品牌，希望实现从“中国制造”到“中国设计”的转变。,“中国制造”指在中国制造的商品所附的标签。“Made in China” is a label attached t
5、o the products manufactured in China. Made in China“ means a label that attached to the manufactures which are made in China.,由于中国有丰富的劳动力资源和原材料资源等优势，中国制造的产品物美价廉，受到世界各国的欢迎。Owing to the advantages of rich labor resources and raw material resources in China, products made in China are well-received in
6、the world on account of their competitive price and superior quality. Due to the advantages of abundant labor resource and raw materials are ample, manufactures made in China are cheap and superior in quality, which results in gaining popularity in global countries. China has abundant labor resource
7、s and raw materials resources, The products made in China are cheap and fine, They are welcomed around the world.,中国的制造业迅速发展，“中国制造”已经成为一个在全球广受认可的标签。“Made in China” has become a recognizable label in the world today with the rapid development of the manufacturing industry in China.,目前中国已经成为世界制造业的中心，被
8、称为“世界工厂”。At present, China has become the worlds manufacturing center and is named “World Workshop”.,尽管全球大量的电子产品和鞋都是中国制造，但这些产品的设计都是在欧美国家完成的。Although globally a great number of electronic products and shoes are made in China, all their designs are completed in European and American countries.,如今越来越多的
9、中国公司致力于开创自己的品牌，希望实现从“中国制造”到“中国设计”的转变。Nowadays a growing number of Chinese companies are devoting themselves to establishing their own brands, hoping to be transformed from “Made in China” into “Designed in China”.Today, many companies hope that transmission Made in China to created in China through
10、designing the products by themselves. designing their brands,Li Hongzhangs Embarrassment,(今天承蒙各位光临，不胜荣幸。我们略备粗馔，聊表寸心，没有什么可口的东西，不成敬意，请大家多多包涵)I am very happy to have all of you here today. Though these dishes are coarse and not delicious and good enough to show my respect for you, I hope you will enjoy
11、 them”,Li may change his words like this:“The cuisine of your country is really great. It is my great honor to have a chance to entertain you with them” (贵国的菜肴真是好极了，今天能有机会借花献佛，不胜荣幸之至),武行者心中要吃，那里听他分说，一片声喝道：“放屁！放屁！” Now Wu the priest longed much in his heart to eat, and so how could he be willing to l
12、isten to the explanation. He bellowed forth, “Pass your wind, pass your wind!”,Contents,Culture & Translation,Cultural elements in translation,Translation methods in specific types,Strategies in translation,Colors,红茶 红糖她眼圈红了。青一块紫一块blue jokesgreen-eyed,black teabrown sugarHer eyes became moist.black
13、and blue蓝色笑话？黄色笑话眼绿？眼红,1.Cultural elements in translation,A Poem,Dear white, something you got to know. When I was born, I was black. When I grow up, I am black. When Im under the sun, Im black. When Im cold, Im black. When Im afraid, Im black. When Im sick, Im black. When I die, Im still black.,A P
14、oem,Youwhite people，When you were born, you were _ . When you grow up, you become _. You,re_ under the sun. Youre _ when youre cold.You are _, when youre afraid. Youre _ when youre sick.Youre _ when you die. And you, call me“color.”,pink,white,red,blue,yellow,green,gray,Implications of Different Col
15、ors,MrBroom is a very white manHe was looking green the other dayHe has been feeling blue latelyWhen I saw him he was in a brown studyI hope hell soon be in the pink again布鲁姆先生非常正直诚实，一天他看上去脸上苍白，因为他最近一直比较忧郁。我看见他的时候他正在沉思默想，希望他很快能健康快活起来。,Animal,落汤鸡a drowned _蠢得像猪as stupid as a _拦路虎a _ in the way吹牛talk
16、_牛饮drink like a _害群之马a black _绝唱，归天之作_ song,rat,goose,lion,horse,fish,sheep,swan,在“直译”倾向的基础上，“译意为主，形意相随”,译意为主 No Word-to-Word Translation,穿红戴绿Dressed in red and greenGaily-dressed你倒也三从四德的，只是这贤惠也太过了！Quite a model of wifely submission and virtue, arent you?I must congratulate you on your wifely virtue
17、,2. Strategies in translation,Mrs. Leivers stuck unflinchingly to this doctrine of “the other cheek.” 莱弗斯太太始终不渝地奉行“另一侧脸”的宗教信条。莱弗斯太太始终不渝地奉行逆来顺受的宗教信条。the other cheek: 圣经耶稣对他的信徒们说：“不论谁打你的右脸，你都要把你的左脸也伸过去。” （but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. ）,Every family is
18、said to have at least one skeleton in the closet.据说家家户户至少也有一个衣柜里的骷髅。据说家家户户至少也有一桩家丑。skeleton in the closet/family skeleton: 源自某贵族夫人衣柜中藏有昔日情人的骷髅的民间故事，现比喻“家丑”或“家庭（团体）中的秘密”。,Foreignization & Domestication,Foreignization （异化）: SL culture-oriented （译文应尽量去适应、照顾源语文化及原作者的遣词用字习惯。）Domestication（归化）: TL culture
19、-oriented （译文应尽量去适应、照顾目的语的文化习惯，为读者着想，替读者扫除语言文化障碍。）,2. Strategies in translation,Domestication,狐假虎威ass in the lions skinClothes may disguise a fool, but his words will give him away. 摸老虎的屁股twist the lions tail养虎为患Warm a snake in ones bosom,Foreignization,黄鼠狼给鸡拜年没安好心The weasel goes to pay his respects
20、 to the hen not with the best of intentionsMore examples,Moment in Peking 林语堂只要父亲不住在后面母亲房间里，她起床梳洗后的头一件事就是跑到前屋来向父亲道个早安。 Every morning when her father had not been sleeping in her mothers room in the inside court, she would come and say “early” to her father in the front court, the first thing after s
21、he got up and washed.,Say good morning/ greet,然后是他宴请主人，曾家已在昨晚设宴为他洗尘，便不再回请，到三天后姚思安行前才为他饯行。 Then he gave a dinner. As the Tsengs had already given a dinner on the previous night to “wash the dust” of Mr.Yaos traveling feet, they did not return the dinner until Mr.Yao was ready to depart three days lat
22、er.,welcome,苏州人对于包括闲聊和小吃在内的自古相传的生活方式十分满足，曾经通过法规禁止汽车这现代玩意儿开进城门。 The Soochow people were so contented with their own traditional life, with its small talks and “small eats”, that they passed a law forbidding that modern motor cars to enter the city gates.,snack,Mixture of Foreignization & Domesticatio
23、n,Literal translation + Explanationagree like cats and dogs口像猫和狗一样完全合不来like a bull in a china shop 像一头闯进瓷器店的公牛，一动就闯祸 He gained his wealth by Shylocking. 他的财富是像夏洛克那样放高利贷得来的。,选择,归化读者意译优点：通俗易通、语言地道缺点：丧失部分原文风貌特色异化作者/原文直译（+解释或注释）优点：保持原文风貌特色、传播外国文化知识缺点：增加了理解困难、文字繁复影响审美选择标准：翻译的“目的” 例如：广告-正面宣传-使潜在顾客易于理解接受该产
24、品-归化某些小说-欣赏故事情节和文字、保持流畅阅读-归化某些小说-传播他国文化知识-异化,He wept a few crocodile tears over his wifes death and then go married again at once. 他为妻子的死掉了几滴鳄鱼的眼泪，然后，很快又结婚了。他假惺惺地为妻子的死掉了几滴眼泪，然后，很快又结婚了。,Practice:,The goalkeeper is the heel of Achilles.那守门员太弱是致命的缺陷。那守门员如同阿基里斯的脚跟，是该队的致命缺陷。（注：阿基里斯是荷马史诗中的希腊英雄，传说除踵之外，全身刀枪
25、不入，后因脚跟受伤而死）,汉英双语文化的共性部分使我们的一些翻译变得简单易行。药补不如食补。Dietcaresmorethanthedoctors.大树底下好乘凉。Abigtreeisagoodshelter.善有善报。Dowellandhavewell.,Cultural Factors in C/E translation,各民族文化的差异会导致各语言之间的翻译中出现文化差异信息传递障碍。有钱能使鬼推磨。With money you can make the devil turn millstone. Money makes the mare go. Money talks.,翻译的任务必
26、须包括弥补和衔接汉英双语在翻译中出现的文化差异和“文化亏损”。只有克服文化差异，实现文化意象对接和信息连贯的翻译，才是有效的翻译，才能真正符合“信与顺”的翻译标准。跳进黄河洗不清One cannot be cleaned if one takes a bath in the Yellow River. One cannot clear up his bad fame if it is put on him.,（赵辛楣）一肚子的酒，几乎全化成酸醋。（钱钟书:围城）The wine in Hsin-meis stomach turned to sour vinegar in his jealous
27、y.The considerable amount of wine Hsin-mei had consumed earlier was burning inside and made him sick with jealousy.,idioms,Great oaks from little acorns grow合抱之木，生于毫末。万丈高楼平地起 。,Keep the image,“谋事在人，成事在天。”Man proposes. Heaven disposes. 如今听见周瑞家的捆了他亲戚，越发火上浇油。The news that Chou Ruis wife had had a relat
28、ive of hers tied up added fuel to the fire of her indignation.,Change the image,你要么呆在家里看电视，要么跟我们去参加舞会，鱼和熊掌不可兼得。Stay at home or watch TV or go to the party with us. You cannot eat your cake and have it.你这样做简直是养虎为患啊！What you have done is as dangerous as warming a snake in ones bosom.,Omit the image,塞翁
29、失马，焉知非福？A loss may turn out to be a gain.When the Greek meets the Greek, then comes the tug of war.两雄相争，其斗必烈。张飞遇张飞，杀得满天飞。?,Add image,欲加之罪，何患无辞？A stick is quickly found to beat a dog with.,MotherscoldedMartha,butitwentinone earandouttheother.玛莎对母亲的责备_ _ _ _ _ _。Imafraidthatmysuccessasapainterwas just
30、aflashinthepan.我担心我当画家的成功只是_ _ _ _。Hischaracterisnowbeforeyou.现在他的为人您_ _ _ _了。Nothing,whetheraweightymatterorasmalldetail, wasoverlooked._ _ _ _ ，无一遗漏。,No doubt the leaders in Bangkok acted as they did in the Thai tradition of relying on a distant strong country to balance a nearby danger. 曼谷领导人显然是运
31、用泰国传统的_ _ _ _的策略。Theylistened,feelingasthoughtheywere sittingonarugfullofneedles.他们个个_ _ _ _似的听着。Itbecameanoldstorylater,butitwasnewat thattime.后来这成了_ _ _ _了，但是当时却是新奇的。,Fine feathers make fine birds.佛靠金装，人靠衣装。?讽刺好衣裳只能装出个好外表好的品质才能有所成就。,False Friend,a walking skeleton 行尸走肉a bad sailor 坏水手to eat ones w
32、ords 食言have a bone in the throat 骨鲠在喉，不吐不快,骨瘦如柴,容易晕船的人,收回说过的话,难以启齿，开不了口,How would you improve them?,Lord Wilson told him not to worry: “Dont cross the bridge until you come to it.”威尔逊勋爵叫他不必担心：“不要杞人忧天。”Her ideal husband must be as handsome as Adonis and as rich as Mammon. 她想要的丈夫一定得有潘安之貌、邓通之富。,Pragmat
33、ics and Translation,Its been interesting to talk with you.和你谈天真有趣。你找谁啊？Whom are you looking for?,（是不是今天就谈到这儿？）,Can I help you?,Are you there?你在听吗？There you are.你说对了！这下可逮着你了！,tell,Im telling you.注意听我说。I tell you what.我有个主意。Dont let him tell you that.千万别信他的话。You are telling me.还用你告诉我？Hes such a pain to live with.Youre telling me!Now you are talking.这还差不多。,I dont want to do that.You dont want to do that.你不应该那样做。If you think he is a good man, think again.如果你认为他是个好人，那你就错了。,Thank You!,
