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初中英语常见的形容词和副词PPT课件..ppt

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1、形容词与副词,要点梳理,. 形容词 成考试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词原级、比较级和最高级的各种句型,形容词作定语的位置,易混淆的形容词用法辨析等。其中,形容词比较等级句型,形容词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing时的位置,易混淆的形容词用法辨析等是考查的热点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生在具体语言环境中使用形容词的能力。形容词主要用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。形容词在句中可用作表语、定语、补语等。,1作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。但形容词修饰something, a

2、nything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后;形容词修饰疑问代词时,也须放在其后。如:Its a cold and windy day. 这是个既寒冷又有大风的一天。Would you like something hot to drink? 你想要喝些热的东西吗?What else can you see? 你还能看见其它什么东西?,2作表语,放在系动词的后面。常见的系动词有be, become, get(变), make(使), turn(变), keep, feel, look(看起来), seem, smell, sound, taste。如:H

3、e looks happy today. 他今天看起来高兴。Silk feels soft. 绸子摸起来很软。 Milk is able to turn bad easily in summer.夏天,牛奶容易变质。3作宾语补足语形容词作宾补时,应放在宾语之后,表示宾语的性质、状态或身份等。如:We are making our country strong.,4注意点:(1)表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。如:How long is the river? Its about two hundred metres long.(2)只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;a

4、lone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的。如:The man is ill.(正)The ill man is my uncle.(误),(3)貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的。(4)记住形容词的常用句型:“Its adj.不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。如:Its very kind of you to help me.你能帮助我,真好。Its not easy to learn a foreign language.学好一门外语不容

5、易。,.副词中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。,1. 副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为:方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly程度副词:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite地点副词:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home时间副词:today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still频度副词:always

6、,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never否定副词:no,not,neither,nor疑问副词:where,how,why其他:also,too,only,2. 副词的基本用法:副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如:We should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。(修饰动词)He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。(表时间)“What happened?”I asked, rather angrily.“发生什么事情了?”我相当生

7、气地问。(修饰副词)In spring,I can see flowers everywhere.在春天,我到处都能看到花。(表地点),3. 常见副词用法辨析(1)already与yet的区别already用于肯定句句中,表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末,表示“还”,用于疑问句句末,表示“已经”。如:He had already left when I called.当我给他打电话时,他已经离开了。Have you found your ruler yet?你已经找到你的尺子了吗?I havent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。,(2)so与such的区

8、别so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词。如:My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词、其结构是“so形容词a/an可数名词单数”。such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词,名词前可以有形容词作定语,其结构是“such a/an形容词可数名词单数”,“such形容词可数名词复数/不可数名词”。如:,他是一个如此聪明的孩子。He is so clever a boy.He is such a clever bo

9、y.这么冷的天气。It is such cold weather.(正) It is so cold weather.(误)他们是那么好的学生。They are such good students.(正) They are so good students.(误)如果可数名词复数前有many,few或不可数名词前有much,little修饰,用so不用such。如:so many(如此多的);so few(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数。so much(如此多的);so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词。,(3)also, too, as well与either 的区别also,as

10、well,too,用于肯定句,also常用于be动词,情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前;as well,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。如:My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher,too. 我爸爸是一名老师,我妈妈也是。I cant speak French, Jenny cant speak French,

11、either. 我不会说法语,詹妮也不会。,(4)sometime, sometimes, some time与some times的区别sometime 某一时间,某一时刻(可指将来时,也可指过去时)sometimes 有时,不时的some time 一段时间some times 几次,几倍,如:Well have a test sometime next month. 下个月的某一时间,我们要进行一次测试。Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not. 有时我们很忙,有时不忙。He stayed in Beijing for some tim

12、e last year. 他去年在北京呆了一段时间。I have been to Beijing some times. 我去过北京好几次。,(5)ago与before的区别ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。如:I saw him ten minutes ago. 我十分钟之前看到过他。He told me that he had seen the film before. 他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。,(6)now,just与just now的区别now 与一般现在时、现

13、在进行时、现在完成时连用,意为“现在”。just 与现在完成时、过去完成时连用,表示“刚”。just now 和过去时连用,表示“刚才”。如:Where does he live now?他现在住哪里?We have just seen the film. 我们刚看过这场电影。He was here just now. 他刚才在这里。,.形容词,副词的比较级、最高级 1. 规则变化,2. 不规则变化,下列单、双音节词只能加more和most,. 形容词,副词等级的用法1. 原级的用法(1)只能修饰原级的词:very,quite,so,too, rather如:He is too tired t

14、o walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。(2)as. as. 和一样(中间用原级) not as(so) as 和不一样(中间用原级)如:Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。,2. 比较级的用法(1)可以修饰比较级的词:much, a lot, far; a little,a bit; even; still(2). than. 比(用比较级)如:Tom is taller t

15、han Kate. 汤姆比凯特高。(3)选择疑问句中,二选一时如:Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一个大更,地球还是月球?(4)用比较级表示最高级的意思如:The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.在中国,长江比其它任何一条河都长。,(5)“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越”如:He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮了。(6)“the比较级

16、,the比较级”表示“越,就越”如:The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真,犯的错误就越少。,(7)在比较级中为了避免重复,在than后常用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。如:The weather here is warmer than that in Shanghai.这里的天气比上海的暖和。(8)表示倍数的比较如:This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。,3. 最高级的用法(1)形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词

17、最高级前可省略。(2)有范围(in, of, among或从句等)修饰的用最高级。Winter is the coldest season of the year. 冬季是一年里最冷的季节。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我所看过的最好的电影。(3)“主语beone of the形容词最高级复数名词in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”。如:Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。,(4)选择疑问句中用于三者或三者以上的比较。如:Which country i

18、s the largest,China,Brazil or Canada?哪一个国家最大,中国,巴西还是加拿大?Which season do you like(the) best,spring,summer or autumn?你最喜欢哪一个季节,春天,夏天还是秋天?(5)表示“第几个最”时,用“the序数词最高级名词单数”的结构。如:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.,【例1】 The Internet is really _ to us. We can easily find the information we

19、need.A. safe B. hardC. boring D. useful解析:本题考查形容词的用法。根据下文“我们能很容易地找到我们需要的信息”可知因特网是有用的,useful有用的。故选D。,D,【例2】 My cousin wants to keep slim. She does exercise every morning and _ eats meat.A. seldom B. alwaysC. usually D. often解析:本题考查频率副词的用法辨析。seldom “几乎不”;always“总是”;usually“经常”; oftem“通常”。根据句意“我的表妹想要保持

20、苗条” 可知 “她几乎不吃肉”。故选A。,A,【例3】 We must keep the classroom _.A. clean B. to cleanC. cleaning D. cleaned解析:本题考查形容词的用法。“keep sb./sth.形容词”表达保持某人(物)怎么样。clean 形容词,意为“干净的”。故选A。,A,【例4】 If you dont work _ enough, I dont think your dream will come _.A. hardly; truly B. hardly; trueC. hard; true D. hard; truly解析:

21、本题考查副词hard与hardly的区别及形容词true与副词truly的区别。hard副词,意为“努力地”,hardly副词,意为“几乎不”,come true动词短语,意为“实现”。根据题意“如果你不够努力,你的梦想不会实现”。故选C。,C,【例5】 (2010湖州)Im not sure what to get mom for her birthday. Oh, Ive no idea, _.A. too B. neitherC. either D. also解析:本题考查副词“也”的用法。neither不表示“也”,则不选;其它三项都表示“也”,too用于肯定句句末,also用于句中,

22、either用于否定句句末。故选C。,C,【例6】 (2011天津)Do you think maths is _ than English?A. difficult B. as difficultC. more difficult D. most difficult解析:本题考查形容词比较级的用法。由than可知是两者之间的比较,则应用比较级。故选C。,C,【例7】 (2011黄岗)Did Kate do best in the final exam?No, but of all the students she did _.A. the most careful B. more caref

23、ulC. most carefully D. more carefully解析:did为动词,用副词修饰,则C或D;of all 指在一范围内比较,则用最高级。故选C。,C,【例8】 Remember this, John. _ careful you are, _ mistakes you will make.Thanks, Miss Rose. A. The more; the less B. The more; the fewer C. The less; the fewer D. The more; the more解析:本题考查形容词比较级的用法。less为little的比较级,修饰

24、不可数名词,fewer为few的比较级,修饰可数名词。mistake为可数名词,故A项为错误项;从句意为“越仔细,越少犯错误”可知the more.the fewer为正确选项。故选B。,B,【例9】 We have a lovely room. Its one of _ rooms in the hotel.A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest解析:本题考查形容词最高级的用法。“one of 形容词最高级复数名词”表示“最之一”,形容词最高级前需加the。故选D。,D,【例10】 Nanjing isnt so large _ Shanghai,

25、however, its the second _ city in East China.A. like; largest B. as; largestC. like; large D. as; large 解析:本题考查形容词的原级比较及最高级的特殊句型。not so.as 表示“与不一样”; “the序数词最高级名词单数”的结构,表示“第几最”。故选B。,B,领悟语法,. 单项选择 ( )1. Jack is good at drawing. I think no one draws _.(2011安徽)A. better B. best C. worse D. worst解析:考查形容词

26、的比较级用法。句意:杰克擅长画画,我想没有人比他画得更好了。此处暗示其他人与杰克比较,故选A。,A,( )2. Look , how beautiful the car is!Yes, but its too _ for me.(2011宜宾)A. expensive B. high C. cheap D. low解析:考查词义辨析。根据句意:看,这车多漂亮!是的,但对我来说太贵了。故选A。,A,( )3. During this years Reading Week, I need the most books in our class. No one read _ than I.(2011

27、苏州)A. many B. moreC. few D. fewer解析:考查比较级。由“than”可知用比较级,先排除A、C;根据句意可知选B。,B,( )4. I dont have any close friends here. I feel _ from time to time. (2011宿迁)A. alone B. happy C. lonely D. proud解析:考查词义辨析。alone意为“独自的”, 侧重说明独自一人,没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态;happy意为“高兴的;幸福的”;lonely 意为“寂寞的” 表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞,指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一

28、种悲伤和忧郁的感情;proud意为“自豪的”。句意“我在这儿没有任何朋友。我有时感觉很孤独。由语境可知选C。,C,( )5. Li Huas shoes are as _ as Zhang Huis.(2011桂林)A. cheap B. cheaperC. the cheaper D. the cheapest解析:考查形容词的比较等级。as.as 表示“和一样”,中间加形容词的原级。因此选A。,A,( )6. Weve got no coffee. Lets have tea _.(2011徐州)A. either B. howeverC. yet D. instead解析:考查词义辨析。

29、either意为“也(不)”,通常用于否定句,位于句末;however“然而”,通常位于句首或句中。yet“还,仍然,可是”;instead意为“代替”“替代”,用于祈使句中时,只能位于句末。句意为“我们没有咖啡了,喝茶吧”。故选D。,D,( )7. If you watch carefully, you can see _ the man does the trick with the cards.(2011徐州)A. who B. whatC. how D. which解析:考查词义辨析。who谁,what 什么,how如何,which哪一个。句意:如果你仔细观察,你能看见这个人是如何用卡

30、片进行诈骗的。故选C。,C,( )8. Li Hua studies English very _and her Englishis _in her class.(2011清远)A. careful; good B. carefully; wellC. careful; best D. carefully; the best解析:考查形容词和副词的用法。studies English为动词词组,修饰动词得用副词修饰,排除A和C。is是系动词,排除B。在她班上,她的英语是最好的。故选D。,D,( )9. He has read many books on history, so its _for

31、 him to answer these questions. (2011陕西)A. hard B. impossibleC. easy D. serious 解析:考查形容词词义辨析。 hard “困难的”;impossible“不可能的”;easy“容易的”;serious“严肃的”。句意为“她读了很多关于历史的书籍,所以对他来说回答这样的问题很容易”。故选C。,C,( )10. Edward, you have grown up. You should learn to makeyour own room _.(2011上海)A. empty B. noisyC. dirty D. ti

32、dy解析:考查形容词词义辨析。 解题思路:make sth.adj意为“使某物保持”,该句意为“Edward, 你已经长大了。你应该学着使自己的房间保持整洁”,故由句意可知答案选D。,D,( )11. The doctor told me _ too much but I find it difficult.The doctor is right. The less you drink, _ you will be.(2011深圳)A. dont drink; the healthierB. not to drink; the healthierC. not to drink; the mor

33、e healthierD. dont drink; healthier解析:考查不定式与the比较级。tell sb. not to do sth.表示“告诉某人不要做某事”,“the比较级,the比较级”表示“越,越”。healthy的比较级为healthier故选B。,B,( )12. Mrs Smith has a cute baby. It often smiles at people _. (2011南宁)A. friendly B. lovelyC. happily D . lively解析:考查副词。副词修饰动词放在动词后面作状语。friendly为形容词,意为“友好的”,lov

34、ely为形容词,意为“可爱的”,happily为副词,意为“高兴的”,lively为形容词,意为“活泼的”。根据句意可知用副词修饰动词smile,故选C。,C,( )13. What a careful boy you are!Thank you. In fact, Tom does everything _than me.(2011凉山) A. more carefully B. more carefulC. much careful解析:考查比较级。由句意“实际上,汤姆做每件事情都比我仔细”可以得知此处应该使用副词的比较级形式,故选A。,A,( )14. Dad ,how can I ge

35、t on well with my classmates?Try to be friendly to them.That will make it much _. (2011广西)A. easily B. more easilyC. easy D. easier解析:考查动词make以及比较级。make后跟形容词充当宾语补足语,much后跟形容词的比较级。故选D。,D,( )15. Which do you like _, summer or winter?I prefer summer.(2011泰安) A. good B. wellC. better D. best解析:考查比较级。在两者之间进行选择,用better。,C,

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