1、Unit 4 EarthquakesPeriod1 Warming up and Reading课前自主学习方案重点单词1 (adj.) 极度的 (adv.)极度地2 （n.）民族；国家；国民 （adv.）民族的；国家的；全国的3 (n,) 污垢 (adj.) 脏的4 （n.）苦难；痛苦 _（v.）遭受 (n.)患病者；受难者5 (v.) 损害 （n.）6 (vt.) 毁坏 （n.）7 (n) 电；电流 （adj.靠电来工作的 (adj.)与电有关的8 (n )祝贺；（复数）贺词 _（ v.）祝贺9 (vt.)使惊吓；吓唬 _（adj.）令人恐惧的 （adj.）受惊的；受惊吓的重点短语1 ri
2、ght 立刻；马上 2 too 太 而不能3 think of 评价不高 4 usual 像往常一样5 as 好像 6 an end 结束；终结7 cut 穿过；贯穿 8 ruins 成为废墟9 number of 的数量 10 instead 代替11 dig 掘出；发现 12 (great) number of 许多；大量的知识探究与发现1. right away 立刻，马上Ill return the book to you right away. If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。
3、联想拓展right now=at once=immediately=in no time 立刻，马上 2.In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。沙河市第二中学 高一 英语 导学案 必修 173自主探究burst vi. ( , 过去式和过去分词 ) n. 搭配 burst into + n. = burst out doing sth. 突然起来burst into = burst out laughing 放声大笑burst into =burst out cryi
4、ng 放声大哭练习Every time he thought of his past, he couldnt help bursting .(2010济南一模 )A. when; out tears B. that; into crying C. which; into tears D. /; out crying3.think little/ poorly of 轻视 think much/highly of 重视；看重，评价高What do you think of .?认为怎么样？think about 考虑；回想；想起think of 考虑；记忆，记起The government th
5、inks highly of his invention because it will benefit the whole country. 政府非常重视他的发明，因为它将有益于全国人民。The foolish boss thought little of my suggestions on that project.那个愚蠢的老板根本就不重视我对那项工程的建议。4. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 似乎到了世界末日！1).as if = as though 好像，似乎（1）如果 as if 从句表示的事情可能是真实的，通常使用陈述语气。eg
6、: It looks as if it is going to rain. It sounds as if 听起来好像有人在敲门。（2）如果 as if 从句表示的内容与事实相反或是一种假想，通常使用虚拟语气。主句+as if (though)+主语+沙河市第二中学 高一 英语 导学案 必修 174were/过去时 could/would +动词原形had+过去分词注意 even if 即使即学即练 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it .A. breaks B. has broken C. were br
7、oken D. had been broken She talked about the film as if really seen it.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。3.Will you go to the exhibition tomorrow?Yes, I will go it， s windy.(201011山东滨州月考 )A. as if B. even though C. as soon as D. as though5at an end 结束，终结（常作表语）eg: (战争终于结束了)高手过招用方框内所给词的适当形式填空At the end of/by the end
8、 of/in the end 1.How many English words had you learned _last term?2.He became an outstanding doctor_.3.My uncle will fly to China_ this year.6.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的 15 秒内，一座大城市就沉没在一片废墟之中。ruin （1）n. （2）vt. in ruins 严重损坏；破败不堪辨析 ruin destroy damage at the end of 在尽
9、头，在 末尾 by the end of 到为止in the end 最后，终于 make ends meet 收支相抵 come to an end 结束沙河市第二中学 高一 英语 导学案 必修 175ruin 指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，往往是非暴力的，也不是一次打击的结果，也可以指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。destroy 指彻底毁坏，不能修复。damage 指局部损坏，但可以修复。即学即练（1）The building was completely by fire.（2）His car hit a tree by the roadside and was . So he had to
10、have it repaired.（3）My new shoes get in the mud.(4 ) Unfortunately, the storm _ the crops, destroying the hope of farmers.A. damaged B. ruined C. benefited D. hurt（5）There on the shore you can see a steam powered ship covered with dirt _ ,waiting to be taken apart. A. lay in ruins B. lie in ruin C.
11、laid in ruins D. lie in ruins7. Sand now filled the wells instead of water.典例赏析1).The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。短语归纳instead 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“代替；相反”。instead of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为“
12、 代替、而不”。沙河市第二中学 高一 英语 导学案 必修 176in place of 为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思.take the place of 作谓语，用在名词、代词前。即学即练1). Tractors _ horses in many places. A. in place of B. have taken the place of C. instead D. instead of 2). You should be out playing _ working indoors all day. A. in spite of B. take the place of C. i
13、nstead D. instead of8. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.（1）分数/百分数作主语时，若所指的是可数名词，则谓语动词多用复数；若指不可数名词，谓语动词多用单数 eg. 80% of the trees were cut down.eg. 50% of the water in the bottle has gone.请根据提示完成下列句子。1. (三分之一) of the students in our class (be) girls.2. (3/5) of the soil (w
14、ash) away by the flood last nigh3. Seventy percent of the students _ taken part in the work and seventy percent of the work _been finished. A. has, has B. had , had C. has, have D. have, has 4. Eighty percent of the people trapped in the ruins_ at last.A. were dug out B.has dug C. was dug out D. hav
15、e dug out（2）injure vt. eg: One of the players injured his knee and had to be carried off .一个队员膝盖受伤，不得不被抬至场外辨析 injure, hurt, woundinjure 常指偶然事故对人造成的“ 损害”。hurt v.受伤，伤害，主要指肉体或感情上所受到的伤害沙河市第二中学 高一 英语 导学案 必修 177wound vt. 伤，伤害。 alive B. a shock; living C. shocked; live D. as a shock; alive 10.All hope was
16、not lost. 典型例句沙河市第二中学 高一 英语 导学案 必修 178All the students do not know how to deal with the problem. = Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. Both of the students dont like the story. Everyone doesnt like the story. = Not everyone likes the story. 自主探究表示“全体”意义的词“ , , , , ” 等和否定副词 not 连用
17、时表部分否定。而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如：Nobody likes the story. Neither of the students likes the story.单项选择We couldnt eat in a restaurant because of us had money on us. A. all; no B. any; no C. none; any D. no one; any11. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to b
18、ury the dead.（1）.dig out（从中）挖出，挖掘出 ；发现，翻出（收存、藏起或遗忘很久之物She dug out a photograph from under a pile of papers.Rescue crews have been digging people out of collapsed buildings.（2）bury v. 埋葬，掩藏 She _beside her husbands grave.她被安葬在丈夫的坟旁。 She _thought. 她陷入沉思。 He _his books. 他埋头读书。沙河市第二中学 高一 英语 导学案 必修 179常用
19、短语be buried inbury oneself in 埋头于，专心于。 。 。 。 。 。12. a (great) number of 许多大量的后跟可数名词复数谓语动词用复数）eg: A great number of students _ against the plan(be). 归纳拓展many, a great good many, , (quite) a few + 可数名词复数+复数谓语动 much, a great deal of, (quite) a little + 不可数名词 +单数谓语动词 plenty of, a lot of, lots of + 可数名词复
20、数不可数名词即学即练The number of people invited 50, but a number of them absent.A. was; was B. was; were C. were; was D. were; were Period 2 Using language词汇知识1. （n.）祝贺 (v.)祝贺 2. (v.) 判断 (n)判断 (n.)裁判员3. (v.)尊敬 (adj.) 高尚的 4. (v.)表示，表达 (n.) 快车快递 (n.)表达表情5. (v.)骑自行车 (n.)骑自行车的人重点词组1. a speech 作演讲 2. be to do sth
21、 乐意做某事3. be proud 为而自豪 4.have a conversation 和交谈5.be known 因为/作为。 。 。而出名要点探究1. Congratulations! 祝贺你！沙河市第二中学 高一 英语 导学案 必修 180congratulation (n.) 祝贺；（复数）贺词1）Congratulations on your passing exam!祝贺你通过了这次考试。2）They received many letters of congratulation.他们收到了很多祝贺信。【拓展】congratulate （vt ） 祝贺 congratulate
22、sb on sth 因某事向某人祝贺celebrate sth. 庆祝（节日等）即学即练3).I _ them_their success 我为他们的成功向他们表示祝贺。2.You speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that that it was the best one this year. 典例赏析 1). His father used to be a judge. 2). Dont judge a man by his appearance. 自主探究judge n. v. judge sb.
23、/ sth. by/from 通过判断judging from/by 从来看， 根据判断即学即练(1) the hat he , the old man is a farmer.(2010山东日照检测)A. Judging from; is wearing B. Judging by; is having on C. To judge by; putting D. Judged by; is putting （2）.People can make silly mistakes about a person if they judge him _ the clothes he wears. A.
24、 by B. with C. accordingly to D. through 3 Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster. 沙河市第二中学 高一 英语 导学案 必修 181典例赏析1) Children should honour their parents 2) They went to Shanghai to honour their mother on her 80th birthday .3）It was a great honour to
25、be invited here today.自主探究honor (vt.) (n.) 常用短语 show/do honor to sb 对表示敬意, 给带来荣誉in honor of /in ones honor 为纪念，以名义练习 A party was held _ the heroes who had helped saved thousands and thousands of lives in the earthquake in Sichuan.A. in time of B. in honor of C. in name of D. in place of沙河市第二中学 高一 英语
26、 导学案 必修 182Period 3 Grammar定语从句 -关系代词的用法一 定语从句的概念1.在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2.引导定语从句的词有两种:关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose ,as.关系副词有 where ,why, when 等。3.关系代词和关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,有三个作用：连接主从句(引导定语从句) 指代先行词 在定语从句中做句子成分。4.定语从句一般位于先行词后面。二 关系代词的用法1 who 的用法who 引导定语从句时，在从句中做主语或宾语， （做宾语
27、时可省）先行词是人。This is the man who helped me out of trouble. 他就是那个帮我解决困难的人。I dont know the woman who you spoke to just now. 我不认识那个刚才你与她交谈的妇女。2 whom 的用法whom 引导定语从句时，在从句中做宾语， （可省）先行词是人。The doctor whom/who you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那个医生在房间里。沙河市第二中学 高一 英语 导学案 必修 183Shes a girl with whom you can
28、talk freely. 她是一个你可以与之随便交流的姑娘。注意whom 引导定语从句时不能用作从句的主语。 whom 可以构成“ 介词 +whom”引导定语从句3 whose 用法whose 引导定语从句时，在从句中做定语，意思为：“ 。 。 。的”，表示所属关系，其先行词可以是人，也可以是物。Hes living in a room whose window faces the east. 他住在一个窗户朝东的房间里。The boy whose spoken English is excellent draws our attention.那个英语口语极好的男孩引起了我们的注意。知识拓展
29、“whose+n”引 导 的 定 语 从 句 相 当 于 “the+n+of+which/whom”或 “of which/whom+the+n.”引导的定语从句.Please pass me the book whose cover is yellow and black.=please pass me the book the cover of which is yellow and black.请把那本封面是黑黄相间的书递给我。.We saw some people whose car had broken down.= We saw some people the car of who
30、m had broken down.4 that 与 which 的用法that 和 which 在它们引导的定语从句中做主语或宾语， （做宾语时可省）that 的先行词既可以是人，也可以是物，which 的先行词是物。They finally reached a storehouse that/which used to be a church.他们最后到了一个曾经是一个教堂的仓库那里。I have been keeping the presents that/which he sent me. 我一直保存着他送给我的礼物注意在下列情况 which 和 that 不能换用沙河市第二中学 高一
31、 英语 导学案 必修 1841 只用 that 不用 which 的情况： 先行词是人时We all like the new teacher that teaches us English. 我们都喜欢教我们英语的那位新老师 先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,many,some,something,nothing,anything,等时。All that we have to do is to practise every day. 我们所必须做的是就是每天练习。Ill do everything that I can(do) to help you. 我将尽一切努力来
32、帮助你 当先行词被 all, few, little, the only, any, no, the very 等修饰时。Every means that had been tried proved to be useless.尝试过的每一种方法都被证明是无用的He is the very man that I am looking for. 当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 我将永远不会忘记我的第一堂课。Its the most interesting book that I
33、ve ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最有趣的书 当先行词既有人又有物时。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈起了他们所记得的学校里面的人和事。一些以 which/who 开头的特殊疑问句 ,为了避免重复，用 that 引导。Which is the book that you want?Who is the child that lost his key? 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(只限于限定性定语从句)He is not the person that he was 30
34、years ago.沙河市第二中学 高一 英语 导学案 必修 185注意 that 和 who 的先行词都是人，但有时只用 whoHe who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。 Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。总结：先行词是人称代词 someone/anyone 等指人的不定代词 those/one/ones 指人时注意定语从句中谓语动词的单复数 Do you know the
35、 boy who _ (be) standing under the tree? Do you know the boys who _ (be) standing under the tree?总结：如果关系代词在定语从句中作 主语 ,谓语动词要与 主语 保持一致.She is one of the students who _ (have) been to Beijing.She is the only one of the students who (have) been to Beijing.5、as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)(1)在限制性定语从句
36、中，多用于 the same as ;；such as ; as many/much as；so as 等结构中。如：1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。2 比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句）Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）定语从句练习一、选择题1. Do you know the girl _ is talking with your mother?A. who B. which
37、C. whose D. / 2. This is the kite _ Billy Fisher gave to Tom沙河市第二中学 高一 英语 导学案 必修 186A. who B. which C. / D. Both B and C 3. He was the only one _ was saved in the earthquake. A. who B. that C. which D. A and B 4. This is the most beautiful place _ I have ever seen. A. which B. who C. where D. / 5. A
38、ll _ I can do is to give him some money. A. that B. which C. who D. what 6. Is there anything else _ you need? A. which B. that C. who D. what 7. The museum _ we visited last week isnt far from here.A. where B. which C. what D. who 8. Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?A. which B. t
39、hat C. what D. / 9. The bike and its rider _ had run over an old woman were helped up by the policeman.A. which B. that C. it D. whom10. She was becoming fat, _ bothered her very much.A. which B. that C. it D. of whom11. The reason _ I cant come is _ I have to work late.A. for, why B. why, because C. because, that D. why, that12. She tells us that Lao Wang is a person _ we can learn a lot.A. whom B. that C. from whom D. about whom13. Is this the factory _ you worked five years ago?A. in which B. in where C. in that D. that沙河市第二中学 高一 英语 导学案 必修 187
