1、Text A All the Cabbie Had Was a Letter,Unit2 Friendship,Teaching Plan,Objectives: Grasp the main idea (never delay expressing your true feeling to a friend) and structure of the text (developing a story around a letter) ; Appreciate that spoken English is much more informal than written English ; Ma
2、ster key language points and grammatical structures in the text ; Conduct a series of reading ,listening ,speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit .,Auld lang syne（友谊地久天长）,Should auld acquaintance be forgot, and never brought to mind?Should auld acquaintance be forgot, for th
3、e sake of auld lang syne. auld lang syne n. 美好的昔日 The good old days. auld lang syne 苏忆往时, 令人怀念的过去(也是歌曲名; 相当于英语 Old Long Since),Warm-up Questions,How do you usually keep in touch with your friends? Do you often write letters to your friends? Why or why not? What are the differences between writing le
4、tters and sending e-mail / short messages by mobile phone? Please list them as many as possible.,What is your idea of friendship? How important are friends to you?According to you, what is a friend? (Someone on terms of affection and regard for another who is neither relative nor lover; someone who
5、freely supports and helps out of good will; an acquaintance) (Longman Modern English Dictionary) What can your friends bring to your? (helping hand, sharing happiness and sadness, admiring, good wishes, free support),Friend / friendship,durable,everlasting,warm,lifelong,perpetual,trust,close,intimat
6、e,long-standing,enduring,genuine,help,generous,Please write down at least 5 words / phrases /sentences that relate to the topic “friend” or ”friend-ship”.,AR_Proverbs and Quotations 1,1. A friend in court is better than a penny in purse.,与其囊中有钱, 不如朝中有人。,2. A friend in need is a friend indeed.,患难之交,
7、才是真朋友。,3. A friend to all is a friend to none.,滥交者无友。,Proverbs and Quotations,AR_Proverbs and Quotations 2,4. Between friends all is common.,朋友之间不分彼此。,5. False friends are worse than open enemies.,虚伪的朋友比公开的敌人更坏。,6. Be slow in choosing a friend, slower in changing. - Benjamin Franklin, American state
8、sman,选择朋友要谨慎，换朋友更要谨慎。-美国政治家 B. 富兰克林,Different ways to express “friend”,Eternal friend / friend of eternity Bosom friend / Intimate friend / confidant 知己;心腹朋友 Eventually, all bosom friends will drift apart.即使再好的朋友也有分手的那一天。fair-weather friend 则正好相反，他们是“晴天时的朋友”，引申来说，也就是顺境中的朋友。是那种只能同安乐不能共患难的朋友。也可译成“酒肉朋友
9、” He has realized that Bill is a fair-weather friend. 他已意识到比尔是个不能共患难的朋友。 One who is happy to stay with you when things are going well but leaves as soon as trouble arrives. Friends are for both good times and bad times.,Questions and answers,4. How can friend and friendship be defined?,A friend is o
10、ne to whom one may pour out all the contents of ones heart, chaff（谷壳） and grain together, knowing that gentle hands will take and sift (筛，过滤) them, keep what is worth keeping, and with a breath of kindness, blow the rest away.- George Eliot (18191880), English novelist,Questions and answers,4. How c
11、an friend and friendship be defined?,Friendship is a ship big enough to carry two in fair weather, but only one in foul（天气恶劣的）.- A. Bierce (18421914), American journalistFriendship is a treasure that always helps us overcome any kind of difficulty. Friendship is a comfort which always understands wo
12、rries and emotions. Friendship is a blessing because it teaches the way to live.- Unknown,Pre reading questions:,In the conversation between the driver and himself, the author employs an informal language style. Try to find out several examples and described the features of spoken English. Whats the
13、 central idea of this text?,Keys:,1. The features of spoken English: (1) Sentences tend to be short and simple. (2) Incomplete sentences (3) Some words or phrases do not usually appear in written English. (4) Language fillers.2. Never delay expressing your feelings to a friend.,Divided the text into
14、 three parts,Text Structure:,Author and driver talking about the letter (Para 1-20),LETTER,Author reading the letter (Para 21-35),Author to write a letter (Para 35),Writing Strategy,How to write a personal letter Two types of letters: business letters and personal letters. Business letters usually c
15、onsists of six parts:The heading, the inside address, the salutation, the body, the complimentary close, and the signature. Personal letters need not cover all these parts. The heading and inside address are usually omitted.,When you write a personal letter, you should consider the following points:
16、 The salutation: The writer usually uses the first or whatever name he or she usually calls the recipient face to face, such as John, Mary, Old Friend. The complimentary close: A personal letter is often ended with: “Affectionately,” “Fondly,” “Yours with love,” “With best wishes,” “Yours,” etc. The
17、 signature: Sign the name the recipient uses to address the writer.,Postscript (附言，后记)If after finishing the letter, the writer wants to add something, he/she should write a postscript after the signature and put P.S. or PS in front of it.,Format of a friendly letter,Heading,greetings,body,complimen
18、tary,signature,Group work,1. Please work in groups and try to find the different parts of a letter from the passage. Greeting: Old friend Body: Incomplete Signature: Tom2. Find out the original sentences of the letter from the passage.,Old Friend,Ive been meaning to write for some time, but Ive alwa
19、ys postponed it.I began the letter with “Old Friend” because thats what weve become over the yearsold friendsYour friendship over the years has meant an awful lot to me, more than I can say because Im not good at saying things like that. So I thought youd like to know that I was thinking of you. You
20、rs, Tom,How to make up the body of the letter?,What do you want to cover in this letter? Friendship How will you arrange these information? Time order,When we were children: When we were children; break the window; Halloween, play tricks; be kept after school When we were young man: hang out; go to
21、each others house Recently: Christmas card; class reunion; once or twice,Reading Guidance Clues for reading the text and the main contents,Main idea of the Text :This text suggests that we never delay expressing our true feeling to a friend by telling us a story about a cab drivers correspondence wi
22、th his friend Ed . Its structure and main contents : The story is to a large extent ,built around the letter Tom wrote to Ed . The letter ,which wasnt mailed ,plays a very important role in the development of the story : The contents or the process of the story :1). The cab driver read the letter an
23、d they talked about sth. Related to the letter and Ed .,The story begins with the cab drivers reading a letter. The letter is a conversation-opener . It helps start a conversation between the lab driver and the passenger.From the conversation ,the passenger or author learned how much he regretted fa
24、iling to keep up correspondence with his old friend Ed . Thats the main idea of Part I (Paras 1-20) Next is the main idea of Part II (Paras 21-35)2). Part 2. begins with the passengers reading the letter .,The passenger read the letter by himself ,learned the content of the letter and more about the
25、 life long friendship between the driver and Old Ed . 3). The passenger wanted to write a letter .The drivers experience urged the author to reach for his pen . Thats what we also learn from . Thats the main idea of Part 3. (Para 36.) In a word ,the drivers reading a letter ,the passengers reading t
26、he letter ,the passengers wanting to write a letter form the three stages in development of the story and form the three parts of the text .,Text Analysis,Most of this text is actually a re-creation （再创作）of the conversation between a taxi driver and the narrator . Therefore it provides ample （丰富的）ex
27、amples of how English is spoken in daily life by native speakers . In spoken English sentences tend to be short and simple . Some sentences are incomplete ,for example : “(Is the letter) From a child or maybe a grandchild ?” “(You) went to school together ?” “Time” “(I have) Enjoyed talking with you
28、 .”,Besides ,some words or phrases or phrases do not usually find their way into written English ,for example ,sort of ,kind of ,you know ,I think ,I guess ,I take it ,well ,go ahead ,hang out ,its no fun to do sth. ,not much of a hand at doing sth. ,a couple of ,every now and then ,an awful lot . F
29、rom the text one can conclude that the narrator is very good at keeping the conversation going . For one thing , he expresses his agreement to show the cabbie what a sympathetic listener he is ,e.g. , -”Letters from always mean a lot . At least they do with me because Im on the road so much . ”,-”I
30、dont think any of us keep up our correspondence too well . I know I dont .” -”Well ,we should all keep in touch with old friends more than we do . But things come up and we just dont seem to find the time .” -”You know ,when it says here that there arent many of us left ,thats absolutely right .” -”
31、I know Id like to receive a letter like that from my oldest friend .” For another ,he asks questions directly to get more information out of the cabbie :,-”You said was . Does that mean- ?” -”Did you two work at the same place ?” -”I thought your friends name was Ed. Why did he sign it Tom ?” Someti
32、mes ,he asks an indirect question by making guesses : -”From a child or maybe a grand child ?” -”Went to school together ?” -”I take it hes someone youve known quite a while ?” -”You must have spent a lot of time together .” -”That must have made you feel good ,didnt it ?”,Analyze the difficult sent
33、ences,1. 复习情态动词+不定式的用法： 情态动词+不定式表示说话人对一个已经完成了的动作或已发生的事情的看法。能够这样用的情态动词有：may (might), can (could), must, should ,ought to ,would , neednt 等。 1). must +have +过去分词表示说话人对过去行为的推测 1. He must have been completely lost in something (line 1.) 2. You must have been spent a lot of time together (line 52.)这两个句子都
34、暗含着对过去行为的肯定性推测，表示“肯定 ”“准是”等意。多用于肯定句。,2). might +have+过去分词表示说话人对已经发生了的事情提出委婉的意见。多用于肯定句，表示“其实可以”“本来应该”等意。 , it might just as well have been family .(line 13.) , 也可以算是一家人。may /might (just) as well 还是 好；不妨 3). Should +have +过去分词表示“本应该”用于主语为第一,第二人称时，表责备或自我责备之意，或“应该已经”用于主语为第二，三人称的句子里，表推测。I should have kep
35、t in touch . (line 35.)I guess I should have written it sooner . (line 87.)这两句暗含自我责备。 又如：I wrote to her last week . She should have got the letter . 表推测。 2. Its +adj. (no fun /unfortunate /tough) to do sth . it 为形式主语，动词不定式为真正主语。,Translation,1. 虽然搬出旧街区已经几年了，我仍然常常想起那里的朋友，并同他们保持着联系。2. 一听说销售部有一个职位空缺，我就写
36、信通知他。3. 公司招收了几名营销人员，以跟上业务发展的需要。4. 这家报纸对这一事件进行了详尽的报道，但并未指明消息的来源。5. 有人要求他在晚会上推迟出场，这使她多少有些生气。,Keys:1. I have kept in touch with my friends in the old neighborhood, who are always on my mind, since I left there several years ago.2. On knowing that a vacancy came up in the sales department, I informed hi
37、m right away through correspondence.3. The company recruited a couple of marketing personnel to keep up with the demand of its expanding business.4. The newspaper gave a detailed account of the event with no reference to its sources of information.5. He was kind of annoyed when he was asked to postpone making his appearance in the evening.,SEE you!,
