1、议论文也就是说理性的文章, 通常由论点、论据、论证过程和结论组成。为了突出写作目的, 作者常在文章开头就提出论点, 以便读者对作者观点有一个比较清晰的了解。提出论点之后, 作者就会提供论据来论证论点是否正确。作者可以用来论证的方法较多, 最为常见的方法是正反论证, 这样的论证思路清晰, 观点明确, 说服力强, 震憾度高。论证结束之后, 作者常就论点是否正确提出明确结论, 它体现作者的写作目的和文章的现实意义。也就是说, 议论文一般会按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次。,阅读议论文我们要抓住论题、抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题、抓住了观点, 我们就把握
2、了中心,再结合作为论据的诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点/结论之间的内在联系, 我们就能理解文章的结构。因此, 阅读议论文的关键是：抓论题、抓观点。而作者提出论题或观点多在文首或文尾, 段首或段尾, 这些都是阅读的重点部分。,(1)短文略, 见资料书P9192,A. succeed without effort and hard work B. encourage people around to become confident C. appear more attractive and thus become successful D. gain the confidence of oth
3、ers and feel successful,1. Those who are truly confident _.,1.B细节理解题。由第一段第3句“inspire confidence in others”可知。,A. praise B. imitate C. talk to D. laugh at,2. The underlined word “mock”(Para.2)is closest in meaning to _.,2. D词义猜测题。通过“even if”所引导从句的语气和下文 “criticize”, 可推知“即使他人嘲笑和批评你, 也要坚持做你认为是对的事情。” “mo
4、ck”的意思是“嘲笑”。,A. praise them in return B. gain further improvement C. politely accept the compliments D. expect them to congratulate you again,3. When others congratulate us on our achievements, we are supposed to _.,3. C细节理解题。由第五段第4、5句(即引号内的句子)可知。,A. Look before your leap. B. It is no use crying ove
5、r spilt milk. C. Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. D. Learn from past mistakes and avoid future ones.,4. Which of the following proverbs best goes with Paragraph 4?,4. D推理判断题。由第四段第3句可知。A选项意思是“三思而行”; B选项意思是“覆水难收”; C选项意思是“天才是1%的灵感和99%的努力”。,A. tell people how to become successful B. convin
6、ce people to do what they believe to be right C. encourage people to build confidence and achieve success D. criticize people who lack confidence and thus fail in their career,5. The purpose of the text is to _ .,5. C主旨大意题。A选项不全面, 忽略了“confidence”与“success”的关系; B选项过于片面, 只涉及第三段的内容, D选项没有把握文章的中心大意和作者的写
7、作意图, 作者并没有批判缺乏自信的人。,A. he will be highly respected B. he will get money as a prize C. it can arouse his belief in his ability D. it can bring them to important positions,(2)短文略, 见资料书P92,6. Saying “well done” to a working employee can improve his morale because _.,6. C细节理解题。从文章第三段“their confidence in
8、creases and.”可以知道。被老板欣赏能激发他们的自信。,A. blaming B. suspecting C. taking care of D. keeping track of,7. The underlined words “swearing at”(in Para. 4)probably means _ .,7. A词义猜测题。从后文的“be effective in the completion of the work”和“employees are humans who should be respected”可以推测出是责备或咒骂员工。,A. ask employees
9、 to speak properly in public B. ask employees to give their opinions in secret C. ask employers to collect views on new policies D. ask employers open accesses to communication,8. Paragraph 5 tells us that a way to improve employees morale is to _.,8. D细节推理题。从“This is because there is not proper com
10、munication between the employees and the employer on a regular basis.”可以推断出只有定期地开通沟通平台才能解决该问题。,9. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?,9. C文章结构题。从全文来看，第一段提出主题, 第二段说明原因, 第三、四、五段并列提出三点建议, 第六段总结。,A. reasons of companies low morale B. ways of improving companies morale C. the im
11、portance of morale for companies D. methods of improving companies productivity,10. What is the main idea of the passage?,10. B全文主旨题。从全文可以推断出来。,productivity生产效率 unrest 不安workload工作量 appreciation欣赏，感激 monetary钱的 depressed沮丧的 respect尊重 on a regular basis经常地,【助读词汇】,A. By pushing himself very hard. B. B
12、y turning to others for help. C. By changing his method. D. By learning from others experience.,(3)短文略，见资料书P9394,11. How did the author achieve the social skill finally？,11. C细节推断题。根据文章第二段的第一句I follow the saying: “If something doesnt work, do the opposite”可知。,A. read more books and watch videos B. t
13、ravel all around the world C. communicate with many other people D. study more theoretical methods,12. The best way to gain experience in different situations is to _.,12. C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句No. You experiment with tons of people可知, 同义转换。,A. People are afraid to have mental communication with others. B
14、. People lack the initiative to make friends. C. People dont have the ambition to be successful. D. People usually lack the ability to lead others.,13. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 mean?,13. A句意理解题。由第三段的第二句Everyone is afraid of everyone可知。,A. if one wants to succeed, he has to ta
15、ke actions B. those successful people usually own leaders traits C. if we work hard, we can get the chances easier D. it is difficult for one to change ones mentality,14. The author may agree with the following statement EXCEPT that _.,14. D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的第五句And what is great about this is that its n
16、ot hard to shift mentality可知。,A. introduce the authors experience of becoming successful B. encourage people to take action to realize their dreams C. talk about the characteristics a leader should own D. describe why some people can succeed and become rich,15. The main purpose of this passage is to
17、 _.,15. B主旨大意题。根据全文, 尤其是最后一段的第一句可知。,People are so much based on first impression that its understandable that we often avoid getting to know new people, which is quite sad to me.,结构分析：这个句子是一个so.that的结果状语从句, 所引导的that从句又包括了一个it is.that的主语从句(it为形式主语), which is quite sad to me是一个非限制性定语从句, 先行词为前面整个句子。,汉语
18、大意：人们仅凭第一印象就决定避免和新认识的人交往, 这是可以理解的, 但对我来说却是件痛苦的事。,【难句理解】,expertise n. 专门知识 progressively adv. 渐进地 massive adj. 巨大的, 大规模的,【助读词汇】,(4)短文略，见资料书P94-95,A. To put forward the topic of this passage. B. To tell us the people who grow rice work harder. C. To give us a brief introduction of the farmers. D. To h
19、elp us recall the hardships of the farming.,16.Whats the purpose of Para1?,16. A推理判断题。文中第一段译为“回溯一下历史,毫无疑问, 耕种稻米的农民总是比耕种其他农作物的农民更辛苦。”结合下文谈到的种植水稻的人们的艰辛可看出第一段起到了引出话题的作用。,17. What does the word “odd” in para2 mean?,A. Attractive. B. Strange. C. Interesting. D. Real.,17.B词义猜测题。从文中第二段的第一句中的because we have
20、 a sense that everyone in the pre-modern world worked really hard “因为我们都会觉得所有生活在非现代化社会的人工作都十分辛苦。” 可判断出odd为“奇怪的”的意思。,A. The harder farmers worked a rice field, the more it yielded. B. The relationship between farmers was getting closer and closer. C. More effort and reward should be spent in rice far
21、ming. D. Farmers worked harder than before just for earning money.,18. What does the underlined sentence mean in para 4?,18.A推理判断题。该句意为对于种植水稻的农民来说,付出与回报之间的关系是显而易见的。那么可推断, 在稻田里付出的越多,收成也就越多。因此可知答案可选A。,A. The rice field is nearly leveled when you flood it. B. Farmers should build and manage a complex i
22、rrigation system. C. Lining up seedlings at exactly the right distance decides input. D. The process of harvesting the first crop should be controlled.,19. Why is rice farming very strict?,19. C事实细节题。从文中倒数第二段的最后两句Theres a big difference between lining up the seedlings at exactly the right distance a
23、nd doing it sloppily. Youre controlling all the inputs in a very direct way.可知答案可选C。,A. Wise planning. B. Active thinking. C. Team work. D. Self-dependence.,20. According to the Chinese proverbs, what could NOT bring reward?,20. B事实细节题。从文中最后一段的第一句 “Chinese proverbs are striking in their belief that
24、hard work, shrewd planning and self-reliance or cooperation with a small group will, in time, bring recompense.” 可知答案应选B。,Chinese proverbs are striking in their belief that hard work, shrewd planning and self- reliance or cooperation with a small group will, in time, bring recompense.,汉语大意：中国的谚语明显地反
25、映出他们的心声, 即努力工作、周密计划、依靠自己或者与小集体通力合作最终是会获得回报的。,【难句理解】,结构分析：同位语从句that hard work, shrewd planning and self-reliance or cooperation with a small group will, in time, bring recompense从句为their belief的同位语。,hunter-gatherer n. 捕猎者-采集者 by all accounts 根据大家所说, 人人都这样说 leisurely adj. 悠闲的, 从容的 adv. 从容地, 悠闲地 annually adv. 每年, 年年,【助读词汇】,Thank you !,
