1、The Earth and Its Peoples 3rd editionChapter 25 Africa, India, and the New British Empire, 1750-1870,Cover Slide,Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.,Asian laborers in British Guinea The manager of this sugar estate in British Guiana reposes on the near end of the gallery of his
2、house with the proprietors attorney. At the other end of the gallery European overseers review the plantations record books. In the yard, cups of lifeblood are being drained from bound Chinese and Indian laborers. This allegorical drawing by a Chinese laborer in the nineteenth century represents the
3、 exploitation of Asian laborers by Europeans. (Boston Athenaeum),Asian laborers in British Guinea,Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.,British and Sikh leaders meeting The Sikh kingdom in the Punjab fell to the British in a brief war in 1845-1846. This painting depicts the Britis
4、h and Sikh representatives negotiating the resulting treaty, which gave Britain control of the region. (Courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum),British and Sikh leaders meeting,Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.,British Mem-Sahib Lady Mary was the wife of Sir Elijah Imp
5、ey, Chief Justice of Bengal from 1774 to 1782. An enthusiast of painting, she commissioned a series of natural history paintings that rival the paintings of the Mughal school. In this portrait-probably by Shaykh Zayn-al-Din-Lady Mary is preoccupied with her milliner, who offers an elegant hat. In he
6、r comfortably formal salon that mixes Indian and European decor, she is surrounded by various Indian servants including an Anglo-Indian butler in English livery, a colorfully dressed page, and the gardener with his daily offering of flowers and vegetables. (The Art Archive),British Mem-Sahib,Copyrig
7、ht Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.,British proclamation to Aborigines Affixed to trees in rural areas of Australia, this poster (ca. 1830) was intended to convey to the Australian Aborigines the message that the European settlers wanted to be their friends and the settler government w
8、ould punish murders of either race with equal severity. The poster failed to produce mutual trust. (Tasmanian Museum & Art Gallery),British proclamation to Aborigines,Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.,Convicts depart for Botany Bay In 1786, the British Cabinet approved the est
9、ablishment of a penal colony at Botany Bay, so named by Captain Cook, the English explorer who had discovered this bay in Australia. The English printmaker and caricaturist Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1827) used ink and watercolor wash to sketch this scene of convicts embarking for Botany Bay. In the ba
10、ckground the gibbet with hanging felons shows the legal alternative to transportation to Australia. (National Library of Australia, Canberra),Convicts depart for Botany Bay,Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.,Indian railroad station In this charming painting of an Indian railroa
11、d station in 1866, travelers of every social class mill around on the platform. British India built the largest network of railroads in Asia. (Eyre & Hobhouse Art Gallery),Indian railroad station,Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.,Jaja founds Opobo, 1869 This talented man rose
12、from slavery in the Niger Delta port of Bonny to head one of the towns major palm-oil trading firms, the Anna Pepple House, in 1863. Six years later, Jaja founded and ruled his own trading port of Opobo. (Reproduced from Michael Crowder, West Africa: An Introduction to Its History, by courtesy of th
13、e publishers, Addison Wesley Longman),Jaja founds Opobo, 1869,Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.,Tewodross mighty cannon,Tewodross mighty cannon Like other modernizers in the nineteenth century, Emperor Tewodros of Ethiopia sought to reform his military forces. In 1861 he force
14、d resident European missionaries and craftsmen to build guns and cannon, including this 7-ton behemoth nicknamed “Sebastapol“ after the Black Sea port that had been the center of the Crimean War. It took 500 men to haul the cannon across Ethiopias hilly terrain. (From Hormuzd Rassam, Narrative of th
15、e British Mission to Theodore, King of Abyssinia, II, London 1869),Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.,Zulu regimental camp under Shaka Under the leadership of the founder of the Zulu kingdom, an upstart military genius named Shaka (r. 1818-1828), young men from across the kingd
16、om were gathered together in Zulu regimental camps, where they learned the arts of war and military discipline. In the center of the camp youths are performing a dance. Note the neat rows of “beehive“ sleeping huts, the cattle enclosure in the upper right of the center, and the horses at the lower l
17、eft-probably owned by European visitors. The Zulu became the most powerful and most feared fighters in southern Africa. (National Archives, Zimbabwe),Zulu regimental camp under Shaka,Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.,Map: European Possessions in the Indian Ocean and South Paci
18、fic, 1870,European Possessions in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific, 1870 After 1750, French and British competition for new territories generally expanded the European presence established earlier by the Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch. By 1870 the British controlled much of India, were settling Au
19、stralia and New Zealand, and possessed important trading enclaves throughout the region. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.),Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.,Map: India, 1707-1805,India, 1707-1805 As Mughal power weakened during the eighteenth century, other Indian states and the British East India Company expanded their territories. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.),Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.,
