1、现代大学英语听力3 Unit 5 Medical and Health Work,长春大学外院英语系 吴中成 制作 September 23 ，2017,New words,intravenous,intrvi:nsAdj.静脉内的, 进入静脉的complacent 自满的 ; 得意的 ; 洋洋自得laypersonleip:snn. 外行 复数 laypeople a layman or laywomanliability英lablt美labltin. 责任；债务；倾向；可能性；不利因Limited d liability company有限责任公司limited-liability sys
2、tem有限责任制度petri dish有盖培养皿prone英prn美pronadj. 俯卧的；有倾向的，易于的n. (Prone)人名；(意、法)普罗内prone position卧姿 ; 俯卧位 ; 俯卧姿势 ; 伏卧位Scandal prone有丑闻的 ; 负面消息多Go prone趴下,New words,villain英vln美vlnn. 坏人，恶棍；戏剧、小说中的反派角色；顽童；罪犯perceptive英pseptv美psptvadj. 感知的，知觉的；有知觉力的visual perception视知觉 ;Time perception时间知觉quotient英kw()nt美kwon
3、tn. 数 商；系数；份额intelligence quotient (iq)智商emotion quotient (EQ)情商take in stride 淡然处之,从容处理allergy英ld美ldin. 过敏症；反感；厌恶 复数 allergies Food allergy内科食物过敏 Milk allergy乳过敏 ; 牛奶变应性Water allergy水过敏症 ; 对水过敏 adj.allergic对过敏的；对极讨厌的allergenic引起过敏症的 n.allergen医 过敏原 allergist过敏症专科医师,New words,anaphylactic英,nflktk美ad
4、j. 过敏的；医 过敏性的；导致过敏的n.anaphylaxis医 过敏性；医 过敏性反应Casesofhumandeathhavebeendue toanaphylacticshock.导致人类死亡的，是由于过敏性休克。measlesmi:zlzn.复数，用作单数或复数【医学】 麻疹；麻疹斑【医学】 风疹(= German measles)venom英venm美vnmn. 毒液；恶意vt. 使有毒；放毒snake venom蛇毒Venom Spider毒蜘蛛 ; 蜘蛛毒,Open-ended questions,How often do you do a physical examinati
5、on? And your parents?In your mind, what are good ways to keep healthy?Do you think you are an emotional person? Why?,Medical and Health Work,Qs:1. How many ways do you know about AIDS infection?Sex, blood and heredity.2.How to prevent you from some epidemic disease?Wash hands frequently, eat safely,
6、 keep house clean and airy, try to be away from crowd, regular physical exercise is necessary.,Some words about health,Healthphysiquefitness形容词：healthysoundfitwholesomein good health,as right as rain （俚语）相当健康good health很健康；healthy健康的be good for;对有益的be on a diet;节食keep fit保持身材lose weight减肥Gain weight
7、,Task 1:,Word tipsAIDS=acquired immune deficiency syndromeHIV=human immunodeficiency virus艾滋病毒vulnerable: adj., it is easy to be hurt,【原文】 A new report by the UN AIDS organizations finds the global AIDS epidemic is worsening. The agency says more people in all regions around the world are becoming i
8、nfected with HIV, the virus which causes AIDS. UN AIDS reports that significant progress has been made in providing treatment for larger numbers of AIDS victims and in achieving greater political and financial commitments in the fight against the fatal disease. Despite this, the report says none of
9、these efforts has been enough to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. Last year, the report notes five million people became newly infected with HIV. That is more people than any previous year. Currently, it says, more than 38 million people are living with the disease. UN AIDS Senior Adviser Karen Stane
10、cki says Asia, with 60 percent of the worlds population, is home to some of the fastest growing epidemics in the world. In 2003 alone, she says, more than one million people became infected with HIV.“Equally alarming, we have only just begun to witness the full impact of AIDS on African societies as
11、 infections continue to grow and people are dying in large numbers. The scale of the problem in Africa is well documented, with over 25 million infections. If we dont act now, 60 percent of todays 15-year-olds will not reach their 60th birthday.”The report says the Caribbean is the hardest hit regio
12、n in the world after Africa. It also finds the HIV/AIDS epidemic is continuing to expand in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, mainly due to intravenous drug users.,UN AIDS says infections also are on the rise in the United States and Western Europe. It blames this largely on the widespread availabili
13、ty of anti-AIDS drags, which it says has made some people in these wealthy countries complacent. UN AIDS Director of Monitoring and Evaluation, Paul De Lay, acknowledges that around the world prevention programs are reaching fewer than one in five people who need them. Nevertheless, he says there ha
14、s been a dramatic increase in prevention activities for young people and several other successes as well. In Africa, for instance, 60 percent of children have access to AIDS education both in primary and secondary schools. That is a huge increase from the late 1990s. In highly vulnerable groups like
15、 sex workers, we are seeing a real success story in Africa. 32 percent of sex workers that are identified have access to HIV prevention and there is a large increase in condom use in this population. The report says global spending on AIDS has increased greatly, but, more is needed. It estimates $12
16、 billion will be needed by next year, and $20 billion by 2007, for prevention and care in developing countries. The United Nations says AIDS funding has increased sharply in recent years, in part due to the US governments global AIDS initiative. But it says still globally less than half the money ne
17、eded is being provided.,Answers to this,A:more than 38 million.Ms. Stanecki is an UN AIDS Senior , she says that some of the fastest growing epidemic can be found in Asia.Intravenous drug use.Anti-AIDS drugs are widely available there. This has made some people pay less attention to the danger of be
18、coming infected with HIV.,Answers to,B: FFFTC: worsening, five million, Africa, 25 million, one million, political and financial, have access, one in five, more than half,Task 2,Word tips: give the prospect of, villain(反面人物), layperson（外行）, variation（变化，变种）, in liability to（有责任）, go through the life
19、, are more prone to (easier to do), immutable (fixed, cannot be changed), inevitably (cannot be avoided), Petri dish(皮式培养皿),【原文】Mary Gearin: Welcome to the lab. Like it or not, were all in the Petri dish now as more scientists than ever look for the cause of our habits lying hidden in our genes.Dr.
20、Whitfield: The advances in DNA technology mean that techniques can be applied to this type of research which werent possible before and which give the prospect of what you might call an explosion in outcomes in actual findings that we can use.Mary Gearin: Its a detective story with an unknown number
21、 of villains. We havent established how many of our 40,000 genes may leave us more likely to be addicted, but some scientists do believe theyve confirmed a laypersons principlethat were about half nature, half nurture.Dr. Whitfield: The conclusion at the moment is that genetics accounts for about ha
22、lf the variation in liability to a number of kinds of addiction and that environmental influences, or just the random things that happen to us as we go through life, account for the other half. Mary Gearin: Of course, genes wont determine who will or wont become an addict, only those who are more pr
23、one to becoming one. Listen to a reformed smoker and a leading researcher in the field, Wayne Hall.Wayne Hall: I think we really do have a task in front of us to educate people that “genetic” doesnt mean fixed, immutable, unchangeable, fated. It still leaves plenty of room for human decision, choice
24、 and capacity to influence and change behaviour.,Mary Gearin: Wayne Hall is pushing for regulations to deal with the ethical implications that have inevitably surfaced.Wayne Hall: If we were able to identify people in advance as being at high risk because they possessed a set of genes, then that mig
25、ht have adverse effects on them in terms of the way others in their social environment treat them. It might have effects if insurance companies take account of that information or employers and so on.Mary Gearin: But would addicts take any more responsibility for their own actions? Our distinctly un
26、scientific sample of smokers told us: not really. If a test came out, would you have yourself tested to see if you had that gene?Julie: Honestly, probably not.Mary Gearin: Would you want your kids to take that test to perhaps ware them off smoking if they had that gene as well? John Mackay: Only if
27、they become problem smokers Id probably suggest it, yeah. Otherwise I wouldnt worry about it.,Answers to this,A: 40,000; addicted; nature; nurturewont; addict; pronegenetic; fixed, fated regulations; implicationsB: 1)a; 2)b; 3)aC:Human genes are all under close study in laboratories.It implies that
28、insurance companies or employers might take advantages and discriminate against those who have been identified as being at high risk.,Task 3,Word tips intrapersonal relationship, setback, frustration, going, enthusiastic, dwell on failures(总想着失败)， take life in stride(大步前进), see no reason to change,【
29、原文】Claire Nolan: Hi. This is Claire Nolan.Bill Rodney: Any Im Bill Rodney. Today well be discussing EQnot IQ. EQ: emotional intelligence. Weve been hearing a lot about EQ lately, and in fact you might have seen Daniel Golemans best-selling book about it in the bookstore. Your emotional intelligence
30、quotient seems to include both intra- and interpersonal relationshipsin other words, how well you handle your own emotions, and how well you respond to others.Claire Nolan: Yes, but Bill, thats not exactly a new idea, is it? I meanI know a lot of old proverbs about thinking before you act, and that
31、kind of thing.Bill Rodney: Thats true, but the term itself is a new one, and it shows that people have realized, the way you control your feelings is just as important as your educationmaybe even more important. But whats really interesting and the focus of todays session is: Can you learn EQ? Well
32、be talking to three people todayall educators, in their own wayto get their perspective on it. Our first guest is Betty Cortina. Betty, youre an elementary school teacher. Do you really think that some kids have higher EQs than others?Betty Cortina: Oh sure! Even at five or six years old, some of th
33、e kids tend to be much more patient and easy-going than others. And then others are prone to shout and make a big fuss. I mean, I dont want to make it sound as if its bad to be spirited, or anything, but if you cant control your emotions, even at that age, you can have a lot of problems.Bill Rodney:
34、 Like what?Betty Cortina: Well, if you cant deal with setbacks, you dont make progress; and if youre always impatient, your peers dont like you.Bill Rodney: Can you give us an example?,Betty Corrina: Sure. One example is how kids deal with frustration. Imagine a child who is having trouble doing a m
35、ath problem. She gets frustrated with the problem, throws her pencil down, yells angrily, This is a stupid problem! I hate it! Another child, with a higher EQ, might be able to handle the situation better. She might try different ways to approach the problem, or ask for help, and so on. And she will
36、 be more successful because she wont let her negative feelings get in the way of her task.Bill Rodney: I guess I can understand that, but my question is: Can you learn to have a higher EQ? Lets see, our next guest is Jim McDonald. Do you want to respond to that question? Jim McDonald: Yes. Well, as
37、you know, I run management training programs for a bank here in the city, and I agree this EQ idea is definitely important. Lets face it: When the going gets tough, its much better for an employee to have a positive, enthusiastic attitude than to dwell on failures. But what I find is that some peopl
38、e just take life in stride and other people dont. I mean, of course you can point them in the right directionthats what I try to do in my seminarsbut some people never learn to improve their EQ.Betty Cortina: No, I disagree. Kids can be taught to have patience and not to give up when things go wrong
39、. They learn to respond well to their emotions. They learn how to sit still and listen, and how to respect others. And I dont believe we are born with a high emotional intelligence quotient. I think we have to learn those skills.,Jim McDonald: Okay, so maybe you can teach children, but frankly, I do
40、nt see how adults can ever change. I mean, I work with a lot of managers, and the good ones are sharp, perceptive people who respond well to change. I dont think the others can learn that.Bill Rodney: Why not?Jim McDonald: Well, part of the problem is that people with a low EQ have a difficult time
41、seeing how their behavior affects other people. They see no reason to change. Their behavior has negative effectsfor themselves and for othersbut they dont see it that way. They tend to blame other people for the problems they are having. People like this just dont work well with other people. Id sa
42、y they have a lower EQ and theyll probably never adjust their behavior.,Answers to this,A:It includes intra- and interpersonal relationships. Or: it includes qualities or skills such as understanding ones own emotions and relating well to other people.It focuses on whether EQ can be learnt.Because i
43、nability to deal with setbacks will prevent you from making progress. If you are always impatient, your peers dont like you.Management training executive.,Answers to,B: “” are 2,3,5,7,9,10,12,13C:elementary school teacher; frustrations; peers; taught, learnthigh EQ, adults; children,【原文】Today I thin
44、k we are ready to start talking about allergies, and about allergic reactions. In the first part of my lecture, Im going to explain what an allergic reaction is. Then I will try to describe what an allergic reaction to a bee sting is like. In the second part of my lecture, Im going to talk about all
45、ergy testing and allergy shots. Ill explain one way the testing is done. Ill also tell you how and why allergy shots are given. Thats a lot to cover, so lets begin. What is an allergic reaction? Well, an allergic reaction is really an action of the immune system in the bodyan action of the immune sy
46、stem in your body. The immune systems job is to protect you, to make antibodies to protect you from things that are dangerous to your health. In an allergic reaction, however, your body makes antibodies to something that isnt really a problem for the body that is, its not usually a problem for someo
47、ne without an allergy. For example, milk and cats hair and dust are usually not dangerous to humans. But, for some reason, your body might produce antibodies to milk or to cats hair or to dust. Your body is trying to protect you from these things. When the immune system does this, it is, in a sense,
48、 working too hard. The result is a fight. The fight is between your antibodies and the milk you drank or the cat hair or the dust you breathed in. You know your body is having a fight because you sneeze, or you have red, itchy eyes and a runny nose, or you feel tired, or you may have difficulty brea
49、thing. These are some of the common signs of an allergy.,Now lets turn our attention to one specific allergic reaction. Lets look at what happens with a bee sting. Anyone who gets a bee sting will have some reaction. A normal reaction is pain and swelling and redness where the sting is. This type of
50、 reaction is also called a local reaction because the reaction is only in the location, the place, where the sting is. In contrast, an allergic reaction to a bee sting is a much stronger reaction. It is a general reaction that affects the whole body. This general reaction is called an anaphylactic r
51、eaction, a-n-a-p-h-y-l-a-c-t-i-c. This is shown in the figure on page 76, so take a look at the figure. In this kind of reaction, several things happen. There is pain and swelling, but it is all over the body, not just where the sting is. The persons legs, arms, feet, and face usually itch and turn
52、red. It often becomes difficult for the person to breathe. The person can also become weak and confused. The blood pressure may drop. For some people, these reactions may continue for hours unless some medicine is given. In fact, the person can die if he or she isnt given medicine to stop the reaction.,
