1、Warm up,American writerDistinctive writing habitNobel Prize winner,Ernest Hemingway &his novel: A farewell to Arms,Content,一、Module discription content objective emphasis difficulty二、Big background of writing三、Life & creation of Hemingway四、Appreciation and analysis of A Farewell to Arms,一、 Module di
2、scription,content of moduleThe historical and socio-cultural background of the American literature between the two World Wars: the two Wor1d Wars Marxism and Freudianism European modern art the expatriate movement,American literature between the two world wars poetry: imagist movement, symbolism nov
3、el: the lost generation drama: expressionism Life & creation of Hemingway,Appreciation and analysis of A Farewell to Arms background introduction characters plot summary thematic analysis symbolic meaning writing styleAssignment,objective of module Know about- life, creation & literary contributions
4、 Be familiar with-A Farewell to Arms: appreciate and analyze theme, plot, character, & writing style Masterideological connotation of selected parts with the combination of commentsemphasis of module theme, characterization,symbolism & language styledifficulty of module writing style of Hemingways n
5、ovel,二、Big background of Hemingway writing,The historical and socio-cultural background of the American literature between the two World Wars: the two Wor1d Wars The two Wor1d Wars, especially the First World War (l914-l918), became the emblem of all wars in the twentieth century, which means violen
6、ce, devastation, blood and death, and made a big impact on the life of the American people and their literary writings. The impact of Marxism, Freudianism and European modern art on American modern literature: Between the mid-l9th century and the first decade of the 20th century, there had been a bi
7、g flush of new theories and new ideas in both social and natural sciences, as well as in the field of art in Europe, which played an indispensable ro1e in bringing about modernism and the modernistic writings in the United States.,a. Marxism and Freudianism William James, an American psychologist fa
8、mous for his theory of stream of consciousness, and Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist, noted for his collective unconscious and archetypal symbol as part of modern mythology. Their theories, plus Freuds interpretation of dreams, have infused modern American literature and made it possible for most of
9、the writers in the modern period to probe into the inner world of human reality. b. European modern art: The implications of modern European arts to modern American writings can also be strong1y felt in the American literature between the wars, even thereafter., The expatriate movement There was a s
10、piritual crisis in the modern period, but a full blossoming of literary writings. The expatriate movement, also called the second American Renaissance, is the most recognizable literary movement that gave rise to the twentieth century American literature. When the First World War broke out, many you
11、ng men volunteered to take part in the war to end Wars only to find that modern warfare was not as glorious or heroic as they thought it to be. Disillusioned and disgusted by the frivolous, greedy, and heedless way of life in America, they began to write and they wrote from their own experiences in
12、the war. Among these young writers were the most prominent figures in American literature, especially in modern American 1iterature. They were basically expatriates who 1eft America and formed a community of writers and artists in Paris, involved with other European novelists and poets in their expe
13、rimentation on new modes of thought and expression. These writers were later named by an American writer, Gertrude Stein, also an expatriate, The Lost Generation.,American literature between the two world wars: The Imagist Movement and the artistic characteristics of imagist poems: Led by the Americ
14、an poet Ezra Pound, Imagist Movement is a poetic movement that flourished in the U.S. and England between 1909-1917. It advances modernism in arts which concentrates on reforming the medium of poetry as opposed to Romanticism, especially Tennysons worldliness and high-flown language in poetry. Pound
15、 endorsed three main principles as guidelines for Imagism, including direct treatment of poetic subjects, elimination of merely ornamental or superfluous words, and rhythmical composition should be composed with the phrasing of music, not a metronome. The primary Imagist objective is to avoid rhetor
16、ic and moralizing, to stick closely to the object or experience being described, and to move from explicit generalization. The leading poets are Ezra Pound, Wallace Stevens, D.H.Lawrence, etc, The Lost Generation It refers to, in general, the post-World War generation, but specifically a group of ex
17、patriate disillusioned intellectuals and artists, who experimented on new modes of thought and expression by rebelling against former ideals and values and replacing them only by despair or a cynical hedonism. The remark of Gertrude Stein, You are all a lost generation, addressed to Hemingway, was u
18、sed as an epigraph to the latters novel The Sun Also Rises, which brilliantly describes those expatriates who had cut themselves off from their past in America in order to create new types of writing. What is Expressionism? Expressionism is used to describe the works of art and literature in which t
19、he representation of reality is distorted to communicate an inner vision, transforming nature rather than imitating it. In literature it is often considered a revolt against realism and naturalism, a seeking to achieve a psychological or spiritual reality rather than to record external events., The
20、concept of wasteland in relation to the works of those writers in the twentieth-century American literature The Waste Land is a poem written by T.S.Eliot on the theme of the sterility and chaos of the contemporary world. This most widely known expression of the despair of the post-War era has appear
21、ed over and again in the works of those writers in the twentieth-century American literature.,三、Life & creation：life,1、family* born in Oak Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago in July 21,1899；* father a successful physician; love fishing and hunting; * mother a music teacher；* love literature, art an
22、d athletic sports from a child;travel(watching bullfighting in Spain, hunting in Africa&fishing in Cuba),2、Military service,（1） World Warexperience * joined the Red CrossAmbulance corps ; * on July 8, 1918, wounded but carried an Italian soldier to safety, received the Italian Silver Medal of Braver
23、y; * when in the hospital, met and fell in love with Agnes, a Red Cross nurse but rejected,（2） Spanish Civil War* in 1937 , in Spain, took arms to fight against Francos rebel army, and for republican government （3） World War II experience * in 1941, joined the navy army,remodeled his yacht into patr
24、ol boat, providing information for American government; in 1944, in France, took part in the battle for liberating Paris; in 1947 awarded a Bronze Star for his bravery,3 、 Journalist career,* in 1917; after high school, worked as a trainee reporter for The Kansas City Star ( 堪萨斯星报) for only six mont
25、hs;* in 1921, foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star Weekly in Paris with Hadley Richardson; in1924, sojourned in Paris, made friends with Gertrude Stein , EzraPound (after World war II settled in Cuba),4、Emotional life,four marriages，troublous & painfullead to two entirely different attitudes t
26、owards the female,与发妻哈德莉及儿子班比,与第二位妻子波琳,与第三位妻子玛莎（左二）,与第四位妻子玛丽在了望田庄,5 、 Later years：Nobel Prize,1954，awarded Nobel Prize for literatureproficient in the modern art of narration typically manifested in the recent Old Man and the Sea and his influence on contemporary style,6 、 Suicide,later years, hyper
27、tension, diabetes, skin cancer, dysthymiashot himself with his favorite shotgun in Idaho on the early morning of July 2, 1961临终语：“我是海明威医生；我们都欠上帝一死，今年死的明年就不必等死了。” （亨利四世）,Creation,over 20: novel, poetry, drama, feature, memoirsmaster pieces:太阳照样升起（1926）The Sun Also Rises永别了，武器（1929 ）A Farewell to Arms
28、 丧钟为谁而鸣( 1940 ) For Whom the Bell Tolls老人与海（1952） The Old Man and the Sea,Hemingways other important works include Men Without Women (1927), Death in the Afternoon (l932), The Green Hills of Africa (1935), The Snows Of Kilimanjaro (1936) and To Have and Have Not (1937).Notes: 海明威的成名作是长篇小说太阳照样升起 (The
29、 Sun Also Rises, 1926)，这部小说被看作“迷惘的一代”的宣言。永别了，武器(A Farewell To Arms, 1929)的出版巩固了他的作家名望。战地钟声(For Whom The Bell Tolls, 1940)的问世给他带来了世界声誉。1952年发表的老人与海(The Old Man And The Sea)使他荣获美国普利策奖和1954年度的诺贝尔文学奖,Conclusion: devoted to your life before you are devoted to your literature Literary contributions In 195
30、4 he was awarded a Nobel Prize for his “mastery of the art of modern narration.” Hemingway brought Mark Twainscolloquial style to near perfection in American literature. In Paris, Hemingway - along with Gertrude Stein,Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, and James Joyce -accomplished a revolution in literary st
31、yle and language. He developed a spare, tight, reportorial prose based on simple sentence structure and using a restricted vocabulary, precise imagery, and an impersonal, dramatic tone.,延伸阅读,1.站着写作 海明威写作时，有一个常人所没有的习惯，这就是站着。他说：“我站着写，而且用一只脚站着。我采取这种姿势，使我处于一种紧张状态，迫使我尽可能简短地表达我的思想。”有人问他：“您简洁风格的秘诀在哪里？”他就简单地回答说：“站着写！” 2. 改到出版前最后一分钟海明威写作态度极其严肃，十分重视作品的修改。他每天开始写作时，先把前一天写的读一遍，写到哪里就改到哪里。全书写完后又从头到尾改一遍；草稿请人家打字誊清后又改一遍；最后清样出来再改一遍。他认为这样三次大修改是写好一本书的必要条件。他的长篇小说永别了，武器初稿写了6个月，修改又花了5个月，清样出来后还在改，最后一页一共改了39次才满意。丧钟为谁而鸣的创作花了17个月，脱稿后天天都在修改，清样出来后，他连续修改了96个小时，没有离开房间。他主张“去掉废话”，把一切华而不实的词句删去。最终取得了成功。,
