1、第 3 章 代词：代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。 第一节 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词1、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。第 三 人 称 单 数第一 人称单数第 二人称单数阳性阴性中性第一人称复数第二人称复数第 三 人 称复 数主格I(我)you (你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they (他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)you (你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them (他们,她们,它们)（1） 、主格用来作句子的主
2、语、表语。如： I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) / Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) / Thats it.(就那么回事) / Its he!(是他！)（2） 、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？ ) / Help me!(救救我！) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)（3） 、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状
3、语从句连词 than 或 as 之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：-Who is it?(是谁？) Its I/me.(是我。)（4） 、三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“youheI”的顺序表达。如：Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) You and me.(你和我)（5)、人称代词 it 除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替
4、代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如：-Whats the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)Its fine.(天气晴好) / -Whats the time?(几点啦？) Its 12：00.(12 点) / Its a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间 ) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很
5、显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)2、物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。第 三 人 称 单 数第一 人称单数第 二人称单数阳性阴性中性第一人称复 数第二人称复数第 三 人 称 复数形容词性my(我的)your(你的)his(他的)her(她的)its(它的)our(我们的)your(你们的)their (他们的,她们的,它们的)名词性mine(我的)Yours(你的)his(他的)hers(她的)i
6、ts(她的)ours(我们的)yours(你们的)theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)（1)、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如：Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他们的书)(2)、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如：This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,
7、可我的在哪儿？) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)(3)、 “of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)试比较 My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)3、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。第 三 人
8、 称 单 数第一 人称单数第 二人称单数阳性阴性中性第一人称复数第二人称复数第 三 人 称复 数myself(我自己 )yourself(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我们自己)yourselves(你们自己)themselves (他们/她们/它们自己)(1)、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如：Dont play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)(2)、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如：T
9、he story itself is good. Only he didnt tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)4.指示代词： 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。单数 复数 含义this(这个) these(这些)指较近的人和物that(那个) those(那些)指较远的人和物such (这样的人/物) 指上文提过的人和物same (同样的人/物) 指和上文提过的相同的人和物it (这人/这物) 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。如：Whats this?(这是什么？ ) / Th
10、at model plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句) / Remember never to do such things.(记得永远不要做这样的事情) / Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按老师说的做)/ -Who is it?(是谁？) -Its me!(是我！)一、用适当的人称代词填空：1. _ is my aunt. We often visit _. ( she )2. China is a developing country. _is in the east of Asia. ( i
11、ts )3. What day is _ today? _ is Thursday. (its)5. I own a blue bike. The red one isnt _. ( I )6. These new houses are so nice. _are very expensive.(them )7. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didnt _? ( them )8. Ling Ling is a girl._studies in a primary school._ brother lives with _ and helps _ wi
12、th_ lessons. ( she )9. Mike is my classmate. _ is good at Engliush . ( his )10. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to _ ? ( she )11. Whats the weather like today ? _ is cloudy. ( its )二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空 1. I ate all _ sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of _ ? ( you )2. George has
13、 lost _ ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if（是否）she will lend him _ . ( she )3Jack has a dog and so have I._(he)dog and _( I ) had a fight (打架).4. The teacher wants you to return that book of _ ( he )5. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of _ are coming to see us. ( they )6. We are going to Paris to stay with a Fr
14、ench friend of _ . (we )7. This isnt_knife. _ is green. ( she )8. These are your books Kate.Put _in the desk，please.(they )9. _ must look after _ things. ( you )10. Wei Fang，is that _ ruler? Yes，its.( you )11. They want a football. Give _the green one，please. ( they)12. Its Lin Taos bag. Give it to
15、_. ( he )13. Is this pencil-box Li Leis? No，_ is very new. ( he )14. This box is too heavy. I cant carry _. ( it )Dont worry，Let _( I ) help _. ( you)15. _is a boy_ name is Mike.Mikes friends like _ very much. ( he )16. My sister is in _ room. _ is a teacher. ( she )17. Jane is a little girl. _ moth
16、er is a nurse. ( she )18. We are in _ classroom. _ classroom is big. ( we)19. My father and mother are teachers. _ are busy ( them)20. You are a pupil. Is _ brother a pupil, too? ( you )三. 从括号内选择正确的代词填空1. Your football clothes are on the desk.Please put _(they，them，their，theirs) away.2. (We，Us，Our，O
17、urs)_ English teacher is Mrs. Green.We all like _(she，her，hers).3. (I，Me，My，Mine)_ cant get my kite. Could you help _(I，me，my，mine)?4. Tom cant get down from the tree.Can you help _(he，him，his)?5. We cant find our bikes.Can you help _(we，us，our，ours)?6. These are _(he，him，his) planes. The white ones
18、 are _(I，me，mine).四、用括号中的适当形式填空1 Are these _（you）pencils?Yes,they are _（our）.2 Whose is this pencil? Its _（I）.3 I love _（they）very much.4 She is_（I）classmate.5 Miss Li often looks after_（she）brother.6 Are these _（they）bags ？No, they arent _（their）. They are _（we）.七、选择填空.1. Mr. More has more money th
19、an Mr. Little . But he doesnt enjoy _.A. he B. him C. his D. himself2. Lily was 9 years old. _ was old enough to go to school _.A. She , she B. She , herself C. Her, herself D. Her. she3. Jims watch is much newer than _.A. hers B.she C. her D. herself 4. Would you like _for super? A: something Chine
20、se B：Chinese somethingC: anything Chinese D: Chinese anything5. _ piano is too old ,but she still liked playing it.A. She B. Shes C. Hers D. Her6. Who taught you English last year?Nobody taught me . I taught _.A. me B. myself C. mine D. I7. That bike is _?Ahe B. him C. his D. it8. We bought _ a pres
21、ent, but _ didn”t like it.A. they, them B. them , they C. themselves , their D. theirs, they9. Whos singing over there ? _ is Sandys sister.A. That B. It C. She D. This10. _ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii.A. She, you and I B. You, she and I C. I, you and she D. Her, me and you11. Between yo
22、u and _, he is not a real friend.A. me B. I C. he D. his12. My uncle bought a new bike for _.A. theirs B. they C. me D. I13. Heres a postcard for you, Jim! Oh, _ is from my friend, Mary.A. he B. it C. she D. its14. Little Baby knows that he should not take the things that do not belong to _.A. he B.
23、 his C. her D. him15. Will anyone go on a trip with him ? Not _.A. I B. me C. mine D. he16. Among those lovely toys, the brown toy dog was given by _.A. he B. his C. him 答案：一、1、she her 2、it 3、it it 5、mine 6、they 7、they 8、she her her her her 9、he 10、her 11、it 二、1、my yours 2、his hers 3、his mine 4、his
24、5、them 6、ours 7、her her 8、them 9、you your 10、your 11、them 12、him 13、his 14、it me you 15、he his him 16、her she 17、her 18、our our 19、they 20、your 三、1、them 2、our her 3、i me 4、him 5、us 6、his mine 四、1、your ours 2、mine 3、them 4、my 5、her 6、their their ours七、1、D 2、B 3、A 4、D 5、D 6、B 7、C 8、B 9、C 10、B 11、A 12、
25、C 13、B 14、B 15、B 16、C 反身代词: 1. Those girls enjoyed _ in the party last night. A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself 2. Help _ to some fish, children. A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves 3. The film _ is very fun. A. its B. itself C. it D. its 4. Who teaches _ math? I teach _. A. your, my s
26、elf B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself 5. The father will make _ a bike _. A. her, himself B. she, himself C. her, herself D. she, herself 6. 6. The scarf is _, she made it_. A. herself, her B. herself, hers C. hers, herself D. her, herself 7. . Liu Hulans death was great. She thought more of
27、 others than _. A. her B. she C. hers D. herself 8. Luckily, he didnt hurt _ terribly yesterday.A. him B. themselves C. himself D. they 9. I cant mend my shoe _. Can you mend it for _? A. myself, me B. myself, I C. me, I D. I, me 10. I like watching _ in the mirror. A. me B. I C. my D. myself Key: 1
28、. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 指示代词：( ) 1 Whos that at the door? _ is the postman.A. She B. This C. It D. He( ) 2 -Whos that in the picture? A. Its me B. Thats I C. This is a boy D. Its I( ) 3 -Look, who is coming? -_ must be our English teacher.A. She B. He C. It D. This( ) 4 Som
29、eone is knocking at the door, but who can_ be?A. one B. he C. she D. it4( ) 1 _ was late summer and the weather was very hot. A. That B. It C. This D. Its( ) 2 What time is _ now?A it B. all C. this D: that( ) 3 _ a heavy rain last night.A. There had B. We had C. It was D. There is( ) 4 _ is 200 kil
30、ometres from here to the natural park. We have to go there by car.A. There B. It C. This D. The place3. 1-4 D A D D 4. 1-4 B A B B 6、关系代词：用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。1、关系代词 who 、which、 that 、whom 等,将定语从句和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。 如：The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.
31、(正在画画的学生是一年级的)2、关系代词 who / whom 指人,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? (你认识那个戴着红帽子的男人吗？)3、关系代词 which 指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：Have you found the book which you lost several days ago?(你找到 几天前丢失的那本书了吗？)4、关系代词 that 既可指人也可指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：Can you see the man/dog that is running
32、along the river bank ?(你看得见顺着河跑的男人/狗了吗？)7、连接代词：用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。英语中连接代词主要有：what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。详见相应从句。10、疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。1、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever 主要用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首。口语中也常用 who 代替 whom 作宾语,但在介词后则只能用 whom。如：Who(m) did you invite to y
33、our birthday party?(你都邀请了谁参加你的生日聚会的？) / What does she want to be when she grows up?(她长大了想干什么？)2、who 和 whom 只能独立使用,其中 who 可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom 只能作谓语动词的宾语；而 what、which、whose 等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语,也可以与名词构成疑问短语。如： Who is that man?(那男的是谁？) / What colour are their hats?(他们的帽子是什么颜色？) / Which car was made in
34、Germany?(哪辆车是德国造的？)(被动句) 注意这个提问：The man in the car is my father.(车里的男人是我父亲)Which man is your father?(哪个男人是你的父亲？)3、which 除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。如：People there live a very sad life.(那里的人生活凄惨) Which people live a sad life? (哪些人生活凄惨？)/ -Which hotel have you booked for your holida
35、y?(为了度假你预订了哪家旅馆？)The biggest one in Haikou.(海口最大的那家旅馆)4、疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但是通常用单数；如果修饰名词,则以名词的单复数为准。如：Who is (are) in that playhouse?(谁在游戏房里？) / What is that? (那是什么？)/ What are those? (那些是什么？) / What colours do they have?(它们有哪些颜色？)8( ) 1 _ is the best season of the year?A. When B. What C. Wh
36、ich D. What time( ) 2 o-_ is your sister?-She is a nurse.A. What B. Which C. How D. Who( ) 3 -_ colour are your new shoes?-They are brown.A. Any B. Whose C. Which D. What( ) 4 -_ is your classmate John like?-Hes very tall.A. How B. What C. Who D. Which9) ( )1 _ has happened and _ did it?A. Who; who
37、B. What; who C. What; what D. Who; what( ) 2 Who waiting outside? Please ask them to come in.A. is B. has C. have D. are10( ) 1 -_ is that man over there?-Hes Mr Green.A. What B. Which C. How D. Who( ) 2 -_ is the boy standing there?-He is my brother.A. Which B. What C. How D. Who( ) 3 Who _ the lit
38、tle American boy over there?A. were B. are C. is D.1 am( )4 Who_these tall men?A. is B. am C. are D. was11( ) 1 _ one do you like, the blue one or the red one?A. What B. Which C. That D. This( ) 2 -_ is bigger?-The yellow one.A. who B. whom C. which D. It( ) 3 _ of you would like to go with us?A. Wh
39、o B. Which C. All D. Both12( ) 1 -_ bag is this?-Its Jacks.A. What B. Which C. Whose D.Whos( ) 2 -_ pencils are these?-They are theirs.A. Which B. Whose C. / D. These( ) 3 _ house is being repaired?A. hat B. Where C. Who D. Whose13( ) 1 Please find out _ he is looking after at home.A. who B. which C
40、. whom D. when( ) 2 _ do you think you should help?A. Whose B. Which C. What D. Whom( ) 3 He told me _ he was sent for.30( ) 1 The man missed the bus. _ is why he was late for the meeting.A. It B. That C. This D. All( ) 2 He has to stay at home. _ he has a bad cold.A. This is because B. Thats why C.
41、 So is it D. The reason is( ) 3 -How many books are there on the table? Only four.A. This is all rightB. Thats all right C. Thats right D. It is all rightA. whom B. that C. both D. Where8. 1-4 D A D B9. 1-2 B D10. 1-4 D D D D11. 1-3 B D B 12. 1-3 B D D13. 1-3 D D A 30. 1-3 B A D8、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的
42、代词叫不定代词。单数含义 / /each(every)oneeither,neithersothe other,another复合不定代词不可数含义muchlittle,a little/ / /复数含义someanynononemanyfew,a fewallones both/others,the others/ 注：复合不定代词有 12 个：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人),no one(没有人), ever
43、ything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). (1)some 和 any 的用法：some 一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个” 、 “一些” 、 “某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿) some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？)any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是
44、“任何一些” 、 “任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：They didnt have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)/ Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？)any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的” 。Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。)(2)no 和 none 的用法：no 是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如：There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点) /
45、They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借)none 只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如：None of them is/are in the classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里) / I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的) (3)all 和 both 的用法：all 指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。both 指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数
46、名词。all 和 both 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识) / -Would you like this one or that one? Both.(你要这个还是那个？两个都要。)all 和 both 既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式 ,其中的 of 可以省略。如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都
47、调皮)(4)every 和 each 用法：every 是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；each 是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each 可以放在名词前,可以后跟 of 短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be 动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前every 和 each 都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如 he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如 they/them/their)替代。如：Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上
