1、初三首轮复习句法,复合句 状语从句,复合句,概念 复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句，从句须有引导词或叫连词引出，否则复合句不成立。由于连词既起连接主句和从句的作用，表明主从句之间的关系，还在从句中充当一定的成份，有一定的意义，故复合句中的连词常成为考查的焦点。,初中阶段复合句 1.宾语从句 2.状语从句 3.定语从句,状语从句,用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。,1. 时间状语从句2. 条件状语从句3. 原因状语从句4. 结果状语从句5. 比
2、较状语从句6. 目的状语从句7. 让步状语从句8. 地点状语从句,1. 时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chine
3、se before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.,(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.,(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从
4、句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops.We wont start until Bob comes.Dont get off until the bus stops.,2. 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Don
5、t leave the building unless I tell you to.,(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.,(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and you wi
6、ll pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.,3. 原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.,(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由wh
7、y提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。,4. 结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。例如：He is so poor that he cant
8、 buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.,(2)sothat语such.that可以互换。例如：在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it ca
9、n hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.,在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He made su
10、ch rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.,有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that no
11、body wants to miss it.,(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.但是little表示“小”的时候除外。例如：They are such little children that they cant walk far.,5. 比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由a
12、sas, 比较级 + than等连词引导。例如：Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.,6. 目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如：We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we migh
13、t save time.,(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句),7. 让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如：Though he is young,
14、he knows a lot.Although I am tired, I must go on working.(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：错误：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.正确：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.,（3）even if, even though 表示“即使”，“纵使”之意，含有一种假设。例如：Well make a tri
15、p even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, yet she loves him.)尽管他很穷，但她还是爱她。,（4）whether.or.表示“不论是否”，“不管是还是”之意。说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如：Youll have to
16、attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。Whether you believe it or not, its true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。,（5）“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“都；不管都”它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如：No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的。No matter who you are,
17、 you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。,8. 地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：Go where you like.Where there is a will, there is a way.,状语从句与主句的时态问题,1.时间状语从句、条件状语从句与主句的时态不一致。（主句用将来时，而时间、条件状语从句用一般现在时）If it _ (not rain) tomorrow ,we_ (go) to climb the hill .He _ (become)
18、a soldier when he _(grow) up .,doesnt rain,will go,will become,grows,2.since引导的时间状语从句。 It is /has been+ 时间+ since + 一般过去时 It_ (be) ten years since we_ (leave) that city .,is,left,3.由when、while引导的时间状语从句的时态：,Mother _ (cook) supper when I _ (get) home yesterday.Last Sunday I_ (meet) Lin Hong when I _ (
19、walk) in the street .While Han Meimei _ (sweep) the floor , Lucy _ (carry) water.When the students _ (have) a meeting, the teacher _ (come) in .,was cooking,got,met,was walking,was sweeping,was carrying,were having,came,注意：看动词为短暂性动词用一般过去时，动词为延续性动词则用过去进行时。,4.由when、after、before、by the time引导的时间状语从句的时态
20、：主、从句的谓语动作都已经完成，则先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。When they _ (get) to the cinema last light , the film _ (start) .I _ (go) out with my friends after I _ (finish) all the homework.,got,had started,went,had finished,状语从句和简单句、并列句的同义转换。,1A：He is too young to go to school B：He is _ young _ he cant go to school
21、2A：Tom is the tallest in his class B：Tom is _ _ any other student in his class,so,that,taller,than,3A：The box is so light that the boy can carry it B：The box is _ _ for the boy to carry4A：Put on your coat，or youll catch a cold B： _ you _ put on your coat，youll catch a cold.,light,enough,If,dont,实例解析
22、,1. (2004年北京市海淀区中考试题)You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and walking.A. if B. how C. before D. where答案：A。 该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。,2. (2004年江西省中考试题)-Shall we go on working?-Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest.A. when B. if C. because D.
23、though答案：D。 该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选though才能说得通， “尽管我更想休息会”。,3. (2004年徐州市中考试题)None of us knew what had happened _ they told us about it.A. when B. until C. after D. though答案：B。 该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思应用“notuntil” 这一句型。,4. (2004年泉州市中考试题)-I hope youll enjoy your trip, dear!-Thank you, mum. Ill give you a call _ I get there.A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till答案：B。 该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用as soon as。,
