1、1Unit 4 Earthquakes【单元导航】Moved by mothers great loveShe had died when the rescuers found her.She was buried by the crushed house.Through gaps of those ruins， we can see her last posture(姿态).Being on her knees，the upper part of the body was prostrate (趴着的) forward，with her hands on the ground to supp
2、ort her body.That was something like an ancient who was kowtowing.The rescuers confirmed her death by touching her through the gaps of ruins.They shouted at the ruins again and again，knocked the bricks using the crowbar(铁棍)，but no response inside.Then the rescuing team went to next building，suddenly
3、 the leader ran back，calling “come here”.He came to the body， stretched his hands under the woman，feeling and touching，then shouted loudly “there is someone，a baby，still living”.Through some efforts， rescuers cleaned up the ruins carefully which blocked her.Under her body lay her baby，who was wrappe
4、d in a small red quilt with yellow flowers scattered in red.He was about 3 or 4 months old.Since well protected by mothers body，he was totally safe.He was sleeping on both ears when the rescuer carried him out，and his lovely and peaceful face warmed everyone around him.The doctor along with the resc
5、uing team unfastened the quilt to check if the baby was all right，and he found there was a mobile phone filled in the quilt.The doctor looked at the screen subliminally，a written message was already there: “My dear baby，if you could live，dont forget how much I love you”.As a doctor，he experienced to
6、o much of parting forever；but at this moment，he wept.The mobile was passed，every person who saw this message shaded tears.Section One Warming Up and Reading.Leadin1.Who can remember what happened in Yushu，in Qinghai Province in the year 2010?A terrible earthquake broke out there on April 14th.More t
7、han 2,200 people were killed.2.Do you know any other natural disasters?2tornadoes；typhoons/hurricanes；volcano eruption；drought；floods；etc.3.Can you tell some famous land earthquakes?(1)Pakistan Earthquake：On October 8th,2005，a terrible earthquake which measured 7.6 on the Richter scale happened in P
8、akistan，Afghanistan and India.And Pakistan was the most seriousaffected country，in which 38,000 people died,62,000 people injured and 25,000 people were homeless.(2)San Francisco：On October 17,1989，an earthquake measuring 7.1 on the Richter scale struck San Francisco.(3)The Wenchuan Earthquake in 20
9、08.4.Do you know why an earthquake happens?The plates are moving constantly.Sometimes these two plates stop and do not move foryears.Then suddenly，they jump and an earthquake happens.As a result of the movementof these plates，west America near the sea has always been a bad place for earthquakes.5.Wh
10、at do you think may happen before an earthquake?Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.Fish jumped out of bowls and ponds.The chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat.The dog barked loudly again and again.People could see bright lights in the sky.速读课文，回答下列问题1.What happened?2.Whe
11、re did it happen?3.How long did it last?4.Who helped to rescue the trapped people?.精读课文，回答下列问题1.概括每一部分的大意Part 1(Para.1)：Before the earthquake，strange things began to happen but no onetook any notice of them.3Part 2(Paras.23)：The earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan and shocked thepeople very mu
12、ch.Part 3(Para.4)：The army came to help the survivors，bringing hope for a new life.2.True or false?(1)People in Tangshan were warned of the earthquake and didnt go to bed that night.(F) (2)People in Beijing also felt the earthquake.(T)(3)More than 400,000 people were killed in the earthquake.(F)(4)M
13、any rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins during the aftershock.(T)(5)People tried to get fresh water from under the ground in Tangshan.(F)3.完成下列表格Main idea DetailsSigns beforethe earthquake(Para.1)(1)Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.The water in
14、the wells (2)rose and (3)fell.A (4)smelly gas came out of the cracks.The chickens and even the pigs were too (5)nervous to (6)eat.Mice (7)ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.Fish about (8)jumped out of their bowls and ponds.At about (9)300 a.m. on July 28,1976，people saw (10)bright ligh
15、ts in the sky.Damage caused byearthquake(Paras.23)At (11)342 a.m.，the (12)greatest earthquake of the 20th century began.(13)Steam burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of (14)dirt.(15)Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.Two (16)dams and most of the bridges fell
16、.The railway tracks were now (17)useless pieces of (18)steel.(19)Sand now filled the wells instead of water.Water，food，and (20)electricity were hard to get.4.填入正确的数据(1)1/3 of the nation felt the earthquake. (2)A huge crack that was 8 kilometres long and 30 metres wide cut across 4houses，roads and ca
17、nals.(3)In 15 terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.(4)2/3 of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.(5)The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.(6)All of the citys hospitals,75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.与同桌讨论、
18、理解下列长难句并尝试翻译成汉语1.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 句子结构分析：现在分词短语 looking for places to hide在句中表伴随，作伴随状语。翻译：老鼠从地里跑出来找地方藏身。2.It seemed as if the world was at an end!句子结构分析：It seemed as if 是固定句型结构，意为“看起来像是” 。翻译：看起来像是到了世界末日！3.Water, food，and electricity were hard to get.句子结构分析：本句的结构
19、是：主语be adj.to do，其中 to do用主动形式表示被动含义。翻译：水、电和食物都很难弄到。4.All hope was not lost. 句子结构分析： all 与 not 连用表示部分否定。翻译：并不是所有的希望都破灭了。.根据下列提示复述课文sign damage rescue|before. during. after. Section Two Language Points1. In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农家大院里，鸡甚至是猪都紧张得不想进食。 He
20、is too excited to speak.他太激动了，说不出话来。They reached the station too late to catch the train.5他们到火车站太迟了，没赶上火车。以上句式用了 too.to结构，意思为“太而不能” ，表示否定意义。但是当too.to.用来修饰表示态度、情绪、倾向等的形容词时，如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing 等，不定式为肯定意义。He remarked he was too delighted to visit our city.他说他很高兴访问我市。(1)这个箱子太
21、重，提不起来。The box is too heavy to lift.(2)老师们很乐意接受对他们的教学方法提出的建议。Teachers are too glad to accept the suggestions on their teaching method.2. In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂了。 He felt he would burst with anger and shame.他恼羞成怒，都要气炸了。The dam burst under the w
22、eight of water.大坝在水的巨大压力下溃决了。He burst into the room without knocking.他没敲门就闯进了屋子。The sun burst through the clouds.太阳破云而出。The words burst from her in an angry rush.她脱口说出了那一堆气话。There was a burst of laughter in the next room.隔壁房间突然爆发出一阵笑声。burst既是名词也是动词，意为“爆炸；猛冲；爆发；突然出现” 。burst into突然闯入，突然起来，后接名词burst in
23、to tears/laughter突然哭/笑起来burst into a room(闯)进房间burst out突然开始，后接 v.ing形式；(战争、疾病等)突然发生(break out)burst out crying/laughing突然哭/笑起来burst in突然插嘴，打断谈话；突然来到6(1)He suddenly burst into tears/burst out crying (哭了起来).(2)The audience burst into cheers/burst out cheering (爆发了一阵欢呼声).(3)The war burst out/broke out
24、 (爆发).3. It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！ You look/looked as if you had seen a ghost.你的神色看起来像撞到鬼了。He looks as if he were an artist.看上去他好像是个艺术家似的。She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.她讲英语很流利，就像在美国学习过似的。It seems as if its going to rain.看起来好像要下雨了。It s
25、eemed as if he wasnt satisfied with your work.看来他好像对你的工作不满意。as if系从属连词，意为“好像” 。根据情况，as if从句中可使用真实语气，如例句， 表示事实如此；从句也可用虚拟语气，如例句，表示事实并非如此。as if从句表示的动作如果指现在的动作，从句的谓语用一般过去时(be 用 were)；如果表示过去的动作，从句中用过去完成时；如果指将来，则用 would动词原形。as if从句的主语如果和主句的主语一致，同时从句的谓语中含有 be的某种形式，这时可以把从句的主语和 be省去，后面保留介词短语、分词短语或不定式短语等形式。He
26、 shook his head as if to say “No”.他摇了摇头，似乎想说“不” 。When he had finished，he waited as if for a reply.讲完后，他等着，仿佛在等一个答复。He looked around as if for help.他环视四周，好像在寻求帮助。(1)It seems as if she the novel but in fact shes never heard of it at all.A.had read B.has readC.read D.would read7答案 A(2)The man we follow
27、ed suddenly stopped and looked as if whether he was going in the right direction.A.seeing B.having seenC.to see D.to have seen答案 C(3)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it yesterday.A.was happening B.happensC.has happened D.happened答案 D4. Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthq
28、uake.三分之二的人在地震中受伤或死去。 I was injured in a street accident.我在一次车祸中受了伤。John fell off the tree and injured his back.约翰从树上摔下来把背部摔伤了。injure，词性为动词，意为“损害，伤害” 。injury n.伤害，损伤injured adj.受伤的the injured受伤的人；伤员(表示一类人)injure，hurt，wound，harm(1)injure多指造成容颜、机能的损害；在事故中受伤。(2)hurt一般指精神上或肉体上受到伤害，有强烈的疼痛感。(3)wound指(人)在战
29、斗、攻击中受伤。(4)harm常用于口语，一般用作及物动词，表示“对有害/损害” 。 吸烟太多会损害你的健康。You will harm your health by smoking too much.5. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的 15秒内，一座大城市就沦为了废墟。 8He wanted to become a doctor but his mothers death was the ruin of his hope.他想当医生，但他母亲的死使他的希望破灭了。She poured water over
30、 my painting and ruined it. 她把水浇在我的画上，将画毁掉了。We visited the ruins of the temple. 我们参观了那个庙宇的遗迹。The castle is now in ruins.城堡现在已成废墟。ruin动词或名词，意为“毁灭，毁坏” ，其复数形式 ruins意为“废墟，遗迹” ，in ruins意为“成为废墟” 。bring sb. to ruin毁灭某人come/go to ruin毁灭The fire left the temple .A.ruin B.in ruin C.ruins D.in ruins答案 D6. Ever
31、ywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.所见之处，几乎一切都被毁了。 His dog follows him everywhere he goes.无论到哪里，他那条狗总跟着他。I cant find my pen though Ive looked everywhere.我到处找那支钢笔，可就是找不到。Everywhere seemed silent.万籁俱寂。Fire destroyed the forest.大火烧毁了森林。The heavy storms destroyed a good part of our crops.
32、几场暴雨把大部分庄稼都毁坏了。在例中，everywhere 用作连词，引导状语从句，意为“无论何处” ；在例中词性是副词，意为“到处，处处” ，在例中词性是名词，意为“每个地方” 。在例中，destroy词性是动词，意为“破坏，毁坏，消灭” 。9destroy，damage，ruin(1)destroy指彻底的损坏，常含不能或很难修复的意思。destroy 可接人，也可以接物。(2)damage损坏，毁坏，指部分损坏，降低某物的价值。damage 通常接物。(3)ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也不是一次打击的结果。常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。 用 destroy
33、，damage，ruin 的适当形式填空(1)What left the town in ruins?(2)The fire destroyed their houses and they became homeless.(3)The fire did great damage to the town.7. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.有些医生和营救人员被困在了废墟下。 The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the si
34、nking ship.救生艇被派出去救沉船上的水手。The rescue team came to the visitors rescue on the island.救援队去营救岛上的游客。The car was trapped in the deep snow.车陷在深雪中了。I was trapped into signing a confession. 我被诱骗在供词上签了字。rescue，名词或动词，意为“营救” ，rescue sb.from.意为“从中把人救出来” ；the rescue team意为“ 救援队” ；come/go to sb.s rescue意为“营救某人” 。
35、be trapped in/by.意为“困在中” ；trap sb.into doing sth./sth.意为“诱骗某人做某事” 。be caught inbe stuck inbe trapped in 均意为“困在中” 。(1)The soldiers have tried to go to rescue in the lake.A.the boy B.theirC.the D.the boys答案 D10(2)The girl cried because she the elevator.A.has trapped in B.had trapped byC.was trapped wi
36、th D.was trapped in答案 D8. All hope was not lost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。 Not all the answers are right.All the answers are not right.并非所有的答案都对。Not every boy likes football. Every boy does not like football.并不是每个男孩都喜欢足球。Both of them dont like English.他们俩并不都喜欢英语。以上例句在意义上都表示部分否定，译为“并不是所有的都；两者不都” ；其构成条件是 notall/ev
37、ery/both.或 all/every/both.not。“all，every，both 等全肯定词not谓语动词”或“notall，every，both 等全肯定词谓语动词”构成部分否定。所谓全肯定词，是指含有全体意义的代词与副词，常见的有：all，both，always，every(everybody，everyone，everything，everywhere)等。如果表示全部否定，要分别用 none，neither，never，no，nobody，nothing，nowhere。Neither of them is doctors.他们俩都不是医生。No boy likes foot
38、ball. 没有一个男孩喜欢足球。(1)All men here are not honest. 这儿的人并非都诚实。(2)Both of the brothers dont like the film.兄弟俩并不都喜欢这部电影。(3)Not everything went well with him.他并非每件事情都顺利。(4)I never get up late.我从不晚起床。(5)None of my friends smoke.11我的朋友都不吸烟。(6)Nothing is needed.什么都不需要。9 To the north of the city，most of the 1
39、0，000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.在城市的北部，有一个有万名矿工的煤矿，其中多数人得救了。 To the south of the mountain，there is a river.在山的南面有一条河。To the east of the village lies a factory.村东有个工厂。East of the town is a tower.城东有个塔。在例中，to the south of the mountain在句中作状语。在例中，表示方位的 to the east of the village置于句首，
40、本句用了倒装结构，该短语也可省略为像例的 east of the village形式。方位词位于句首时，常用句式为：(To the)East/West.动词主语。stands a tower.A.To east of the hill B.The east of the hillC.In the east of the hill D.East of the hill答案 D地球的一个不眠之夜河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生。三天来，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。农夫注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒出臭气。农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。鱼缸和
41、池塘里的鱼会往外跳。在 1976年 7月 28日凌晨 3点左右，有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光。即使天空没有飞机，在唐山城外也可以听到飞机声。在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。在凌晨 3点 42分，一切都开始摇晃起来。世界似乎到了末日！二十世纪最大地震中的一次就在唐山市正下方 11公里处发生了。100 公里以外的北京市都感到了地震，全国 1/3的地方都有震感。一条 8公里长 30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道。地上一些洞穴冒出了蒸气。石头山变成了泥沙河。在可怕的 15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之12中。人们遭
42、受的灾难极为深重。2/3 的人在地震中死去或受伤。成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。死伤的人数达到 40多万。幸存的人们又怎么能相信这是自然现象呢？人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。所有的市内医院、75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园都消失了。残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地，然而它们是不可能被风刮走的。两座大坝垮了，多数桥梁不是塌了就是无法安全通行了。铁轨如今成了一条条废钢。好几万头牛再也挤不出奶来。50 万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次和第一次一样强烈的地震震撼着唐山。有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。更多的房屋倒塌了。水
43、、电和食物都很难弄到。人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。并不是所有的希望都破灭了。地震后不久，部队派了 15万名战士到唐山来协助救援人员。数十万的人得到了救助。部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。在唐山市的北边，有一个万名矿工煤矿，其中多数人得救了。援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。用火车、卡车和飞机向市内运来了水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。Section Three Grammar定语从句()1.Titanic is the ship that sank after hitting an iceberg.2.Rose and Jack are the lo
44、vers who met on the ship.3.The earthquake that/which hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.4.We dont know the number of people that/who lost their homes in the earthquake of 1906.以上 4句的斜体部分都是对其前的名词进行修饰限制的，即作了该名词的定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个
45、从句即定语从句来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语；短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性13成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。如以上例句中的斜体部分。关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as 等；关系副词有 where，when，why 等。关系词常有 3个作用：1.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。先行词：被定语从句修饰的
46、名词、代词称为先行词，如以上例句中的划线部分。1.that指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。The house (that) Im going to buy faces south.Jane has borrowed the book that was written by Lao She.2.which 指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。Im not interested in the book which has just been published.I showed him the letter (which) I received this morni
47、ng.3.who、whom 指人，在从句中 who作主语和宾语，whom 只能作宾语；作宾语时二者都可以省略。The girl (whom) I called just now is from America.The boys who are playing football are from Class One.4.whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。The girl whose father had given us a report got first.Thats the machine whose parts are too small to see.5.限制性定语从句中只能用 th
48、at的几种情况(1)当先行词是 anything，everything，nothing (something 除外)，few，all，none，little，some等代词时，或者是由 every，any，all，some，no，little，few，much，each等修饰时。Have you taken down everything (that) Mr.Li has said?There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.All that can be done has been done.The
49、re is little (that) I can do for you.Any man that/who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.(2)当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the only、the very来修饰或当先行词前面有who，which 等疑问代词时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.14This is the best film that I have seen.Wang Hua is the only person in our school that will attend the meeting.Who is the man that is standing there?Which is the Tshirt that fits me most?(3)当先行词既有人
