1、英语专八改错解题思路 1. 宏观层面分析 （1 ）句子结构（理顺整个句子的结构，必要时检索上下文） （2 ）逻辑关系（关联词选择：并列、递进、因果、转折、假设、让步等） （3 ）时态和语态（完成时和虚拟语气是考查重点） 2. 微观层面分析 （1 ）缺漏（介词、代词、引导词） （2 ）冗余（两个主语、同义重复） （3 ）误用（词性、分词、正反义、主被动、形容词和副词级别） （4 ）一致性（名词单复数、主谓一致、先行词） （5 ）词义与固定搭配 3. 注意事项 （1 ）即使按照语感很快找到了疑似错误，也要坚持读完全句再做判断，可能会有新的发现。过于相信第一感觉而带来的失分是划不来的。 （2 ）分两
2、次改比较合理，因为毕竟只有少数人能够在第一遍看材料的时候就找出所有的错误，尽管这些错误不见得隐藏得多深。 （3 ）常考题型，高度警惕。 冠词：the 变 a, a 变 the，补 the 补 a，删 a 删 the，每年都玩的把戏。 单复数：无非是 his 变 their 之类的，关键是细心。 近义词：例如 distinct 和distinctive，move 和 movement，interest 和 interests 反义词：尤其看到 dis, un, im，in，non 之类的，更要琢磨一下。 关联词：几乎是保留节目，and, but, however, though, moreove
3、r, therefore 非谓语动词：见了 ing 想 ed，见了 ed 想 ing, 就是这么贱。 形容词比较级：多半是把原形改为比较级。考的频率也蛮高的。 虚拟语气：注意一下还是比较容易看出来的，多长个心眼儿吧。 It：有时要加，有时要删，有时要变 itself，总之多盯“ 它”几眼。 动词词组：其实主要是介词的问题，这个没办法临时抱佛脚，要靠积累.改错：1、改错虽然为主观题，但错误类型相对集中，可分为以下几种情况：定冠词：a, an, the 误用，甚至多出来；解决办法：分析定冠词的主语及上下文有无指代；级：分两类错误，第一种是原级用成比较级，比较级用成最高级，反之亦然。有一种除外，是两
4、者比较谁最好，可以用最高级；第二种是意思相反，如 most 改为 least；连词错误：也分两种，第一种为连词误用，应该表示转折的用成了并列，比如 while 改为and；第二种为近义词。在不同语境中用 However, Nonetheless, 比用 but 更合适，更合乎语法；（与逻辑关系也有关，看上下文，联系语境）词性错误：多出现为形容词转变为副词，反之亦然；也有可能是限定，如 adv.+adj.+n.，如下所说；形容词改为动词或名词等，多出现在一词多性的情况下；形容词限定错误：出现在 adj.+adj.+n.要知道第 1 个 adj.是限定第 2 个 adj.还是限定 n.；若是限定第
5、 2 个 adj.，大多改为副词 adv.；搭配错误：多为介词搭配错误，如 in some extent 改为 to，rely in 改为 on 等；也有搭配词没有给出，需要自己添加，比如 define.as；词义错误：比如：rather than 改为 other than；（此项比较难）近义形容词错误：例如：respective, respectable, respectful, respecting, respected；（此项比较难）缺失：例如 the fact 后面直接接了句子，中间缺少 that，表明同位关系；多余：有的地方莫名其妙多出一个词，多为介词，是没有用的；词义相反：多出现
6、在形容词，需要在前面添加或去掉 in-, im-, ir-, un-等否定前缀；主动被动：分析主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系是主动还是被动，多出现在分句中；三单：主语与谓语是单数还是复数，主语是否为不可数名词，是的话如何判断谓语动词是单数还是复数，还是有特殊用法；时态：现在时用为过去式，或者进行时用成了现在时等；定语从句用错先行词：which 用成了 that；难点儿的比如：for which 用成了 which，要知道for which=why, in / at which=where；还有什么情况下必须用 that，比如人和物搭配，序数词，the one, the only,不缺任何成分，有否定
7、词，有 all 等；以下八大高频考点的分类出自华研专八人文知识与改错，现将八大类错误整理如下，主要包括：1.短语搭配错误；2. 易混词错误； 3.逻辑关系错误；4.代词错误（一致错误）；5.冠词错误；6. 形容词和副词使用错误； 7.成分残缺或冗余；8.动词时态或语态错误。 笔者认为这八类错误基本涵盖了改错考试中出现的错误，首先了解错误类型，对应对改错具有重要意义。 另外，笔者在总结华研专八人文知识与改错和星火 专八改错满分突破 60 篇两本练习册中近 100 篇改错题的基础上，搜集其中出现的所有典型错误例子（语法词汇类错误居多），并根据所属错误类型整理如下。（注意：带 的表示前边的是错误的，
8、后边的是改正之后的；其他的没有正确错误之分）1.短语搭配错误 （大部分为介词错误）carry/get with things carry/get on with things to let alone let alonein return to in return for the need of the need forsubstitute A with B substitute A for B account 70% account for 70%under the grounds of/that on the grounds of/that attitude on life attitud
9、e towards/to lifein a quick speed at a quick speed with many respects in many respectsat the face of in the face(s) of considerations to considerations forbecome victims of become victims to ride in a train ride on a trainthe problems with the government the problems for the governmentresistive agai
10、nst resistive to resistance of resistance toembark sth embark on sth with the belief that in the belief thatat advance of sth in advance of sth interpret to interpret asin line to in line with to varing degrees in varing degreestake pride of take pride in leap out to me leap out at meinject them let
11、hal strains inject them with lethal strainscharge him with the same price charge him the same priceimbalance of A and B imbalance between A and Bshortage of protein with them shartage of protein among themfortify sb for sth fortify sb against sth (加强以抵御)shed light to sth shed light on sth in proport
12、ion with in proportion topay for it with dollars pay for it in dollars be in liberty to be at liberty tobegin at doing begin with doing be contrasted to be contrasted withcommit an offence to commit an offence against modern time modern timesability of (doing) sth ability in (doing) sth defend sth a
13、gainst defend sth fromat the first place in the first place pay money in doing pay money for doingtake to do take to doing (“求助于，开始” ，to 为介词 )yearn to yearn for at average on averageidentify oneself to identify oneself with be successful on doing be successful at/in doingget ones teeth on get ones t
14、eeth into(埋头做，认真做)the action of formation the action of forming (of 后应接动名词而非名词 )approach to do approach to doing one contributor of one contributor toconsumers demand of luxury goods consumers demand for luxury goodson ones 30s in ones 30s balk to balk at (回避，绕过)differ A from B distinguish A from B
15、suit to sb/sth suit for sb/sthvary by vary with emphasis of emphasis on2.易混词错误(1)形近异义词imaginative imaginary adapt adopt confirm conformformer formal diary dairy personal personnelbeside besides principal principle intelligent intelligibleconscious conscientious stationary stationery considerate cons
16、iderableaffect(影响) effect(致使、达成) contact contract moral moraleindustrious industrial desert dessert require acquire inquirepresence presentation sensible sensitive transformation transmissionvalue evaluate tense tension anything somethingcooker cook complexity(复杂性) complex(合成体) insurance assurancepr
17、ovide(提供) provided/providing(假设，如果) perceive conceiveeffective(有效的 ) affective(受 影响的，由 引起的)(2)形近(形异)近义词latter later late(迟的，已故的) latest(最晚的，最新的)farther(距离更远) further(程度更进一步) healthy(健康的 ) healthful(有益健康的)effective efficient continual(连续的) continuous(持续不断的)respectable respectful historic historicalri
18、se arise raise arouse sure insure ensure assurein return to in response to opposite oppositionproducing productive lonely alone across cross impressed - impressivepermit(n.通行证) permission relating related memorizing memorablenormal(n.常态,通常标准,一般水平 ) norm(规范,行为标准)favorite favorable acceptability accep
19、tance economical economicfew little a few few little a little invent discoverbefore ago another otheragent(代理人) agency(代理机构) reward(回馈) award(奖赏)special specific(3)兼有两种形式的副词firstly first (firstly 用于列举条目或者表示顺序，first 表示时间上“ 第一次、首次”)hardly(几乎不 ) hard(努力地) sure surely late latelyclear(完全地、径直地) clearly(显
20、然、清楚地)high(高度高地) highly(程度高地、非常 )close(接近地、紧密地) closely(紧密地、严密地) most(最) most(大部分)(4)反义词with without possible impossible subjective objectiveimport export better worse employee employeremployment unemployment modifiable unmodifiablenatural unnatural discernable indiscernable lent borrowedexclusive i
21、nclusive independency dependency willing unwillingnothing more than nothing less than agree disagreerarely frequently / often specific generalless more (still more still less) most least known unknownrespective irrespective (irrespective of 表示“不管”) majority minorityresult in result from fortunately
22、unfortunately powerful powerlesseasiness uneasiness professional amateur aware unaware include exclude(5) 名词单复数异义moral morals(作名词时用复数形式 ,表示“道德、伦理”)collection(不可数名词表示 “各种因素集合体”) collections(可数名词表示“收藏品”)manner(方法,方式 ) manners(礼仪,礼节) saving savings(复数表示“存款”)specie(硬币) species(种类)（species 只有单数） mean(n.平
23、均值) means(方法)(6) 易混短语live with(同一起生活,忍受) live by(靠 过活)go about (doing) sth(开始做某事,四处走动,流传, 经常从事于) go around(四处走动, 绕道走)tend to intend toin next week(以当下时间为基准点) in the next week(以过去的时间为基准点)spend in doing sth spend on sth die of(内部) die from(外部)rather than other than have sb do sth have sth donetake on(
24、从事，开始对付，呈现) go on(继续) take place take the place ofconsist in(在于 ) consist of(包括) in all(总共) after all(毕竟)in return(作为报答) in turn(反过来，轮流) one reason for +短语 one reason why +句子bring out(使显露，使显现) bring up(教育，培养，提出， (船)抵达目的地) be worth doing be worthwhile to do react to(对作出反应) react with(以作出反应)apply to(将
25、应用于) apply for(请求，申请)3.逻辑关系错误（连词使用错误）therefore nevertheless/however (大部分 therefore 都要改为 however,反之亦然)and but / while or and but because moreover howeverafter before since although there is no there is alsothat if from now on from then on all none besides yetif unless besides except therefore because
26、 so becauseso does he neither/nor does he thats why +结果 thats because +原因as if even if whether if4.代词错误（一致错误）their its that those (需要特别注意) which that (有些情况下关系代词只能用 that)which what it itself (主宾相同，宾语用反身代词) that/this it (只有 it 可作形式主语)his ones (泛指时用 one) you yourself it they this suchXX is less sophist
27、icated than what they are today XX is less sophisticated than they are today5.冠词错误(1)定冠词多余on the either side on either side in the Europe inEurope in the winter in winter (季节前不加定冠词)Kaufman, the/an author of a recent book Kaufman, author of a recent book(同位语间完全对等关系，不必使用冠词)take the issue take issue(对持
28、异议，不同意)(2)定冠词缺漏among most among the most one of first one of the firstatmosphere the atmosphere(表示独一无二的事物)（另外还有如： the Equator, the Outerspace）between us and rest between us and the restin minority in the minority around floor around the floorpiano the piano (西洋乐器的前面要有定冠词 )English language the Englis
29、h language at heart of at the heart ofworld the world(表示“ 地球 ”这种独一无二的事物要加定冠词)in long run in the long run (3)定冠词与不定冠词之间的误用illustrate the further difference illustrate a further difference (diference 第一次提及)注意以下短语的区别in church in the churchat college at the college in court in the court in hospital in t
30、he hospital in office in the officein prison in the prison at sea at the sea in school in the school at table at the table6.形容词与副词使用错误have been currently current be well equipped as be as well equipped asheavy industrialized heavily-industrializedspread colossal spread colossally similar strong simi
31、larly strongkeep the number constantly at X a year keep number constant at X a yearfeel hopeless thwarted feel hopelessly thwartedcomparative high proportion comparatively high proportion(quakes) start deeply in the earth start deep in the earthin the passed 5 years in the past 5 yearsculture embedd
32、ed attitudes culturally embedded attitudesas much as as often asfrom one meter afar from one meter away increasing increasinglysimple simply pure purely much many many more large largerearly earlier7.成分残缺或多余(单复数错误)a world which I could get a world in which I could getshows that shows (先行词在定语从句中作主语，关
33、系代词不可省略)take for granted that take it for grated that1980 1980sone of the most glaring form one of the mist glaring formstheir jobs engage in their interest their jobs engage their interest (engage 单独使用表示“ 占用（某人时间），吸引（某人注意力）”)complain about sth complain sth work sth work out sthbelieve in believe (b
34、elieve 单独使用表示一般的“ 相信”，believe in 表示“信任某人，信仰”)point sth point out sth 20 percents 20 percenteyes contact eye contact seven sevenththe process which it function the process by which it functioncommunication service communications service (通信服务、通讯服务)average incomes average income (income 为不可数名词)the lik
35、e of the likes of(诸如此类的)be referred to XX be referred to as XXbe viewed as work of are be viewed as a work of art(work 作为“作品” 讲时，为可数名词)8.时态或语态错误went go agreeing agreed consisted consistingbored boring favoring favoredif she was if she were(非真实条件句) involves involvingwill would (虚拟语气中) delaying delaye
36、d (已完成概念或者被动概念 )the promise of improving quality of life the promise of improved quality of life (已完成概念或者被动概念)assure assures (第三人称单数) have has (要看清句子真正的主语)developing developed confronting confrontedthe least understanding the least understoodwhat the have told what they have been toldif circumstances become favorable if circumstances should become favorable
