1、 1 / 39Environmental management systems Requirements with guidance for useISO 14001:2015(E)Third edition2015-09-15Introduction.1 Scope.2 Normative references3 Terms and definitions.3.1 Terms related to organization and leadership3.2 Terms related to planning3.3 Terms related to support and operation
2、.3.4 Terms related to performance evaluation and improvement4 Context of the organization4.1 Understanding the organization and its context4.2 Understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties4.3 Determining the scope of the environmental management system4.4 Environmental management sy
3、stem5 Leadership.5.1 Leadership and commitment5.2 Environmental policy.5.3 Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities.6 Planning.6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities.6.1.1 General6.1.2 Environmental aspects6.1.3 Compliance obligations.6.1.4 Planning action6.2 Environmental obje
4、ctives and planning to achieve them6.2.1 Environmental objectives6.2.2 Planning actions to achieve environmental objectives.7 Support7.1 Resources.7.2 Competence.7.3 Awareness.7.4 Communication7.4.1 General环境管理体系 要求及使用指南 GB/T24001-2016 idt ISO14001:2015 代替GB/T24001-2004 （正式发布稿） 2016-10-13 发布 2017-05
5、-01 实施引言 1 范围 . 2规范性引用文件 . 3术语和定义 3.1与组织和领导作用有关的术语 3.2与策划有关的术语 3.3与支持和运行有关的术语 3.4与绩效评价和改进有关的术语 4组织所处的环境 4.1理解组织及其所处的环境 4.2理解相关方的需求和期望 4.3确定环境管理体系的范围 4.4环境管理体系 5领导作用 5.1领导作用与承诺 5.2环境方针 5.3组织的角色、职责和权限 6. 策划. 6.1应对风险和机遇的措施 6.1.1总则 6.1.2环境因素 6.1.3合规义务 6.1.4措施的策划 6.2环境目标及其实现的策划 6.2.1环境目标. 6.2.2实现环境目标的措施的
6、策划 . 7.支持. 7.1资源 7.2能力 7.3意识 . 7.4信息交流 7.4.1总则 . 2 / 397.4.2 Internal communication7.4.3 External communication.7.5 Documented information7.5.1 General.7.5.2 Creating and updating7.5.3 Control of documented information8 Operation.8.1 Operational planning and control.8.2 Emergency preparedness and re
7、sponse.9 Performance evaluation.9.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation9.1.1 General.9.1.2 Evaluation of compliance9.2 Internal audit9.2.1 General9.2.2 Internal audit programme9.3 Management review10 Improvement10.1 General.10.2 Nonconformity and corrective action10.3 Continual improvem
8、entAnnex A (informative) Guidance on the use of this International Standard.Annex B (informative) Correspondence between ISO 14001:2015 and ISO 14001:2004（略）BibliographyIntroduction0.1 BackgroundAchieving a balance between the environment, society and the economy is considered essential to meet the
9、needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Sustainable development as a goal is achieved by balancing the three pillars of sustainability.Societal expectations for sustainable development, transparency and accountability have evolved with increas
10、ingly stringent legislation, growing pressures on the environment from pollution, inefficient use of resources, improper waste management, climate change, degradation of ecosystems and loss of biodiversity.This has led organizations to adopt a systematic approach to environmental management by imple
11、menting environmental management systems with the aim of contributing to the environmental pillar of sustainability.0.2 Aim of an environmental management systemThe purpose of this International Standard is to provide organizations with a framework to protect the environment and respond to changing
12、environmental conditions in balance with socio-economic 7.4.2内部信息交流 . 7.4.3外部信息交流 . 7.5文件化信息 . 7.5.1总则 . 7.5.2创建和更新 7.5.3文件化信息的控制 . 8运行. 8.1运行策划和控制 . 8.2应急准备和响应 9绩效评价 . 9.1监视、测量、分析和评价 . 9.1.1总则 . 9.1.2合规性评价 9.2内部审核. 9.2.1总则 9.2.2内部审核方案 9.3管理评审. 10改进 . 10.1总则 10.2 不符合和纠正措施 . 10.3持续改进 附录A（资料性附录）本标准使用指
13、南 附录B（资料性附录）GB/T24001-2016与GB/T24001-2004的对应情况 参考文献 引 言 0.1 背景 为了既满足当代人的需求，又不损害后代人满足其需求的能力，必须实现环境、社会和经济三者之间的平衡。通过平衡这“三大支柱”的可持续性，以实现可持续发展目标。 随着法律法规的日趋严格，以及因污染、资源的低效使用、废物管理不当、气候变化、生态系统退化、生物多样性减少等给环境造成的压力不断增大，社会对可持续发展、透明度和责任的期望值已发生了变化。 因此，各组织通过实施环境管理体系，采用系统的方法进行环境管理，以期为“环境支柱”的可持续性做出贡献。 0.2 环境管理体系的目的 本标
14、准旨在为各组织提供框架，以保护环境，响应变化的环境状况，同时与社会经济需求保持平衡。3 / 39needs. It specifies requirements that enable an organization to achieve the intended outcomes it sets for its environmental management system.A systematic approach to environmental management can provide top management with information to build success
15、 over the long term and create options for contributing to sustainable development by: protecting the environment by preventing or mitigating adverse environmental impacts; mitigating the potential adverse effect of environmental conditions on the organization; assisting the organization in the fulf
16、ilment of compliance obligations; enhancing environmental performance; controlling or influencing the way the organizations products and services are designed, manufactured, distributed, consumed and disposed by using a life cycle perspective that can prevent environmental impacts from being uninten
17、tionally shifted elsewhere within the life cycle; achieving financial and operational benefits that can result from implementing environmentally sound alternatives that strengthen the organizations market position; communicating environmental information to relevant interested parties.This Internati
18、onal Standard, like other International Standards, is not intended to increase or change an organizations legal requirements.0.3 Success factorsThe success of an environmental management system depends on commitment from all levels and functions of the organization, led by top management. Organizati
19、ons can leverage opportunities to prevent or mitigate adverse environmental impacts and enhance beneficial environmental impacts, particularly those with strategic and competitive implications. Top management can effectively address its risks and opportunities by integrating environmental management
20、 into the organizations business processes, strategic direction and decision making, aligning them with other business priorities, and incorporating environmental governance into its overall management system. Demonstration of successful implementation of this International Standard can be used to a
21、ssure interested parties that an effective environmental management system is in place.Adoption of this International Standard, however, will not in itself guarantee optimal environmental outcomes. Application of this International Standard can differ from one organization to another due to the cont
22、ext of the organization. Two organizations can carry out similar activities but can have different compliance obligations, commitments in their environmental policy, environmental technologies and environmental performance goals, yet both can conform to the requirements of this International Standar
23、d.The level of detail and complexity of the environmental management system will vary depending on the context of the organization, the 本标准规定了环境管理体系的要求，使组织能够实现其设定的环境管理体系的预期结果。环境管理的系统方法可向最高管理者提供信息，通过下列途径以获得长期成功，并为促进可持续发展创建可选方案： 预防或减轻不利环境影响以保护环境；减轻环境状况对组织的潜在不利影响； 帮助组织履行合规义务； 提升环境绩效； 运用生命周期观点，控制或影响组织的产
24、品和服务的设计、制造、交付、消费和处置的方式，能够防止环境影响被无意地转移到生命周期的其他阶段； 实施环境友好的、且可巩固组织市场地位的可选方案，以获得财务和运营收益； 与有关的相关方沟通环境信息。 本标准不拟增加或改变对组织的法律法规要求。 0.3 成功因素 环境管理体系的成功实施取决于最高管理者领导下的组织各层次和职能的承诺。组织可利用机遇，尤其是那些具有战略和竞争意义的机遇，预防或减轻不利的环境影响，增强有益的环境影响。通过将环境管理融入到组织的业务过程、战略方向和决策制定过程，与其他业务的优先项相协调，并将环境管理纳入组织的全面管理体系中，最高管理者就能够有效地应对其风险和机遇。成功实
25、施本标准可使相关方确信组织已建立了有效的环境管理体系。 然而，采用本标准本身并不保证能够获得最佳环境结果。本标准的应用可因组织所处环境的不同而存在差异。两个组织可能从事类似的活动，但是可能拥有不同的合规义务、环境方针承诺，使用不同的环境技术，并有不同的环境绩效目标，然而它们均可能满足本标准的要求。 环境管理体系的详略和复杂程度将取决于组4 / 39scope of its environmental management system, its compliance obligations, and the nature of its activities, products and serv
26、ices, including its environmental aspects and associated environmental impacts.0.4 Plan-Do-Check-Act modelThe basis for the approach underlying an environmental management system is founded on the concept of Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA). The PDCA model provides an iterative process used by organizations
27、 to achieve continual improvement. It can be applied to an environmental management system and to each of its individual elements. It can be briefly described as follows. Plan: establish environmental objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in accordance with the organizations environm
28、ental policy. Do: implement the processes as planned. Check: monitor and measure processes against the environmental policy, including its commitments, environmental objectives and operating criteria, and report the results. Act: take actions to continually improve.Figure 1 shows how the framework i
29、ntroduced in this International Standard could be integrated into a PDCA model, which can help new and existing users to understand the importance of a systems approach.Figure 1 Relationship between PDCA and the framework in this International Standard0.5 Contents of this International StandardThis
30、International Standard conforms to ISOs requirements for management system standards. These requirements include a high level structure, identical core text, and common terms with core definitions, designed to benefit users implementing multiple ISO management system standards.This International Sta
31、ndard does not include requirements specific to other management systems, such as those for quality, occupational health and safety, energy or financial management. However, this International Standard enables an organization to use a common 织所处的环境、其环境管理体系的范围、其合规义务，及其活动、产品和服务的性质，包括其环境因素和相关的环境影响。 0.4
32、 策划- 实施- 检查-改进 模式 构成环境管理体系的方法是基于策划、实施、检查与改进（PDCA）的概念。PDCA模式为组织提供了一个循环渐进的过程，用以实现持续改进。该模式可应用于环境管理体系及其每个单独的要素。该模式可简述如下： 策划：建立所需的环境目标和过程，以实现与组织的环境方针相一致的结果。 实施：实施所策划的过程。 检查：根据环境方针，包括其承诺、环境目标和运行准则，对过程进行监视和测量，并报告结果。 改进：采取措施以持续改进。 图1 展示了本标准采用的结构如何融入PDCA模式，它能够帮助新的和现有的使用者理解系统方法的重要性。 图1 ： PDCA 与本标准结构之间的关系 0.5
33、本标准内容本标准符合ISO 对管理体系标准的要求。这些要求包括一个高阶结构，相同的核心正文， 以及具有核心定义的通用术语，目的是方便使用者实施多个ISO 管理体系标准。 本标准不包含针对其他管理体系的要求，例如：质量、职业健康安全，能源或财务管理。然而，本标准使组织能够运用共同的方法和5 / 39approach and risk-based thinking to integrate its environmental management system with the requirements of other management systems.This International
34、Standard contains the requirements used to assess conformity. An organization that wishes to demonstrate conformity with this International Standard can do so by: making a self-determination and self-declaration, or seeking confirmation of its conformance by parties having an interest in the organiz
35、ation, such as customers, or seeking confirmation of its self-declaration by a party external to the organization, or seeking certification/registration of its environmental management system by an external organization.Annex A provides explanatory information to prevent misinterpretation of the req
36、uirements of this International Standard. Annex B shows broad technical correspondence between the previous edition of this International Standard and this edition. Implementation guidance on environmental management systems is included in ISO 14004.In this International Standard, the following verb
37、al forms are used: “shall” indicates a requirement; “should” indicates a recommendation; “may” indicates a permission; “can” indicates a possibility or a capability.Information marked as “NOTE” is intended to assist the understanding or use of the document. “Notes to entry” used in Clause 3 provide
38、additional information that supplements the terminological data and can contain provisions relating to the use of a term.The terms and definitions in Clause 3 are arranged in conceptual order, with an alphabetical index provided at the end of the document.Environmental management systems Requirement
39、s with guidance for use1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the requirements for an environmental management system that an organization can use to enhance its environmental performance. This International Standard is intended for use by an organization seeking to manage its environmental re
40、sponsibilities in a systematic manner that contributes to the environmental pillar of sustainability.This International Standard helps an organization achieve the intended outcomes of its environmental management system, which provide value for the environment, the organization itself and interested
41、 parties. Consistent with the organizations environmental policy, the intended outcomes of an environmental management 基于风险的思维，将其环境管理体系与其他管理体系的要求进行整合。 本标准包括了评价符合性所需的要求。任何有愿望的组织均可能通过以下方式证实符合本标准： 进行自我评价和自我声明；或寻求组织的相关方（例如：顾客），对其符合性进行确认；或寻求组织的外部机构对其自我声明的确认；或寻求外部组织对其环境管理体系进行认证或注册。附录A 提供了解释性信息以防止对本标准要求的错误
42、理解。附录B 显示了本标准现行版本与以往版本之间概括的技术对照。有关环境管理体系的实施指南包含在GB/T 24004 中。 本标准使用以下助动词： “应”（shall ）表示要求； “应当”（should）表示建议； “可以”（may）表示允许； “可、可能、能够”（can ）表示可能性或能力。 标记“ 注 ”的信息旨在帮助理解或使用本文件。第3 章使用的“注”提供了附加信息，以补充术语信息，可能包括使用术语的相关规定。 第3 章中的术语和定义按照概念的顺序进行编排，本文件最后还给出了按字母顺序的索引。环境管理体系 要求及使用指南 1 范围 （本标准的适用范围）本标准规定了组织能够用于提升其环
43、境绩效的环境管理体系要求。本标准可供寻求以系统的方式管理其环境责任的组织使用，从而为“环境支柱 ”的可持续性做出贡献。 本标准可帮助组织实现其环境管理体系的预期结果，这些结果将为环境、组织自身和相关方带来价值。6 / 39system include: enhancement of environmental performance; fulfilment of compliance obligations; achievement of environmental objectives.This International Standard is applicable to any orga
44、nization, regardless of size, type and nature, and applies to the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services that the organization determines it can either control or influence considering a life cycle perspective. This International Standard does not state specific environmental
45、 performance criteria.This International Standard can be used in whole or in part to systematically improve environmental management. Claims of conformity to this International Standard, however, are not acceptable unless all its requirements are incorporated into an organizations environmental mana
46、gement system and fulfilled without exclusion.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 Terms related to organization and leadership3.1.1management systemset of interrelated or inter
47、acting elements of an organization (3.1.4) to establish policies and objectives (3.2.5) and processes (3.3.5) to achieve those objectivesNote 1 to entry: A management system can address a single discipline or several disciplines (e.g. quality, environment, occupational health and safety, energy, fin
48、ancial management).Note 2 to entry: The system elements include the organizations structure, roles and responsibilities, planning and operation, performance evaluation and improvement.Note 3 to entry: The scope of a management system can include the whole of the organization, specific and identified
49、 functions of the organization, specific and identified sections of the organization, or one or more functions across a group of organizations.3.1.2environmental management systempart of the management system (3.1.1) used to manage environmental aspects (3.2.2), fulfil compliance obligations (3.2.9), and address risks and opportunities (3.2.11)3.1.3environmental policyintentions and direction of an organization (3.1.4) related to environmental performance (3.4.11), as formally expressed
