1、,Present perfect tense,一、现在完成时的定义,定义1： 现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。,She has gone. (她走了。) 从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看出“走”的动作是过去发生的，而对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。,He speaks French so fluently. He learned it in Paris. He was there for two years. He has studied French. (他学过法语。) 这句话所
2、说明的结果是他现在懂法语。,Look! The blackboard is so clean now. He has cleaned the blackboard. (他已经擦过黑板了。) 这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。,定义2：现在完成时态还表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来。,Mike borrowed the books two days ago.,Mike has kept the books for two days.,二、现在完成时的构成 1. 现在完成时的肯定句句型 主语（第一、二人称单、复数)+have 主语（第三人称复数） +have +过去分词 主语（第
3、三人称单数） +has,2. 现在完成时的否定句句型主语+have/has+not+过去分词+I have not seen the movie yet.He hasnt been to Beijing since then,We have lived in Beijing.He has lived in Beijing.I have finished my homework.,3.现在完成时的一般疑问句句型Have/Has+主语+过去分词+.Have you finished the work?Has she arrived here? 4.现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型特殊疑问词+have/h
4、as+主语+过去分词+.How many times have you been to the Great Wall?,三、现在完成时的标志词,标志词(1)：这种用法常与already(用于肯定陈述句）, just（位于谓语动词前）, yet（否定句或疑问句）, ever（多用于疑问句，问初次经历）, never（多用于否定陈述句）, recently,before(句末)等连用,exercise,1.I _ (do) my homework already. 2.He _(not finished) his homework yet. 3._you ever _(be) to Beijing
5、? 4.We _ never _ (see) such an exciting match before. 5.Mother _ just _(clean) the house. Please dont come in. 6.They _(practice) this dialogue twice.,have done,has not finished,Have,been,have,seen,has,cleaned,have practiced,注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.,I
6、havent seen the film yet.,2 I have done my homework already.,I havent done my homework yet.,3. Mother has just cleaned the house.,Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet.,1 I have seen the film already.,标志词（2）：这种用法还可与 for +一段时间, since+过去的时间点, these years, so far, up to/till now（直到现在） in/during/over the p
7、ast /last few/three years（在过去/最近几年、三年里） several times（几次）,等连用,1.We _ (learn) English for three years/ since two years ago/since 2009. 2.Mr. Green _ (be) in China these years. 3.They _(write) 15 songs so far. 4.The population _ (grow) more slowly in the past ten years.,have learned,has been,have writ
8、ten,has grown,Attention: since的用法,1. Since+ 过去某个时间（此时 since充当介词） Eg: He has been in this school since 2000. 2. Since+一段时间+ ago （此时 since充当介词） Eg: She has known Susan since seven years ago. 3. Since+ 从句 （此时 since充当连词）（此时主句使用完成时，从句则要使用过去时） Eg: I have lived here since I was born. 4.当主句的谓语动词为be或seem时，则主
9、句要采用一般现在时,从句仍使用过去时。 Eg: Its a long time since we left school.,for or since,1. We have lived here _ 1990. 2. How long have you studied here ? _ 5 years . 3. The boy has had a bad cold _ last night . 4. Mr. Huang has kept the books _ a week ago . 5.I have taught in the school _ I came here . 6We have
10、been friends _ a long time .for+一段时间since+时间点since+句子（一般过去时）,since,For,since,since,since,for,E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years.Kate has lived here since 3 years ago.Kate has lived here since she came to China.,非延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法,有一些动词是瞬间动词，也叫非延续性动词，这些动词的动作一发生就结束了。这些动词可用于现在完成时，但不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。如果句子中有
11、表示一段时间的状语，需将非延续性动词改为延续性动词。,1 He has become a doctor.他已经成为一名医生He has been a doctor for five years.他当医生已经五年了。 2 His grandfather has died.他爷爷已去世了。His grandfather has been dead for ten years.他爷爷已经去世10年了。 3 The film has begun.电影已经开始了。The film has been on for five minutes.电影已经开始5分钟了。,切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其
12、相对应的延续性动词：,arrive begin(start) die come back leave fall ill(sick, asleep) open close join borrow buy finish/end get/come to get married ,be in/on/at,be on,be dead,be back,be away (from),be ill(sick, asleep),be open,be closed,be in/ be a member of,keep,have,be over,be in/on/at,be married,1.I _this bo
13、ok for two weeks, I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 2.The Greens _many places of interest since they came to China. A. will visit B. visited C. have visited D. visit 3.My parents _ Shandong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. hav
14、e been 4.Im sorry, I _ your name. A. had forgotten B. forgot C. have forgotten D. forgotten 5.Her brother _the Party since 1978. A. joined B. has joined C. has been in D. was in,Exercise:,1. 用所给动词的适当形式填空： He (buy) his bike for over two years. She (borrow) this book for nearly three weeks. Kitty (arr
15、ive) in Hong Kong since two days ago. She (leave) her home for a month. Simon (join) the football club since last year. He (die) for some time. They (get) married for more than ten years. My cousin (come) in Beijing for a week. The parade (begin) for almost an hour. The conference (stop) since last
16、Sunday.,反馈矫正,has had,has kept,has been,has been away from,has been in,has been dead,have been married,has been,has been on,has been over,慧眼识错,1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.4. The film has been on
17、 since I have come to the cinema.5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold?,have kept,has been in/ been a member of the army,since 5 years ago/ for 5 years,came,did,catch,6. Ten years have passed since they got married.7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.8.What time have the factory opened?9.I have go
18、ne to Chunhua Middle School twice,has,has been in,did,open,been to,10. They have got married for fifteen years.,11. The parade has been on an hour ago .,12. The sheep has died for quite some time.,13. The winter holiday has stopped since last Saturday.,14.Kitty have borrowed this CD for two weeks.,1
19、5.She has looked after her son since six months,since an hour ago,has kept,for,been,been dead,been over,have been to 曾经去过某地（已返回） Someone went to some place and has already come backhave been in 去某地一段时间someone stay in some place for some time have gone to 去了某地 （没有回来） Someone went to some place and is
20、 still there,A,B,A,A,B,B stay,have/has gone to have/has been to have/has been in,have/has gone to:已经去了某地或人还在途中，人还没有返回； have/has been to:曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语; have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。,Conclusion,2、三者的常见用法have been (to) + 地点+次数 have been (in) + 地点 + for/sincehave
21、gone (to) + 地点,3、共同点当后跟地点是副词 (home,here,there)时，介词省略。,have/has gone to have/has been in have/has been to,1.A: Wheres Jim, Li Lei?B: He _his school library. 2.The Greens _China for three years.We _the Great Wall twice. Its very beautiful.,has gone to,have been in,have been to,Translation:她以前曾去过上海。,Sh
22、e has been to Shanghai before.,他在上海10年了。,He has been in Shanghai for ten years.,他去上海了。,He has gone to Shanghai.,四、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：,现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。 一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。,他已学英语五年了。,He has studied English for five years.,他曾学过五年英语。,He studied English for five years.,（说明他还继续学下去）,
23、（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）,一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语：,遇到yesterday, Last year, in May, in+过去某一年，two days ago, just now等就用一般过去时。,当有 so far, in the past/ last few days(在过去/最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时。,用所给词的适当形式填空：,He _(work) in our school for one year. He _(come) to our school last year. They _(cook) t
24、he supper already. They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.,has worked,came,have cooked,cooked,move live love like,五、动词的过去式和过去分词的构成: 1. 规则变化,visit repair watch finish,visited visited repaired repaired watched watched finished finished,moved moved lived lived loved loved liked liked,verbed,以e结尾d,st
25、op mop trap plan,stopped stopped mopped mopped trapped trapped planned planned,注:以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母ed,双写ed,study hurry,studied studied hurried hurried,去yied,注:以辅音字母加y结尾的词,去yied.,Exercises:bring buy fall feel speak think write,brought brought bought bought fell fallen felt felt spoke spoken
26、thought thought wrote written,实力测验: 用所给词的适当形式填空They_(go) to the cinema already. Mr. And Mrs.Li _(not come) back yet. John_ (be)to the USA a few times. We _ (not see)that film yet I _ (not talk)to my cousin since last Friday. You _ (not visit)me for a long time.,have gone,have not come,has been,have
27、not seen,have not talked,have not visited,7. Tom _ (buy) the bike for 2 years. 8.I (not finish) the work yet. 9. you (know) him since then? 10.I _ (hear) from my father recently. 11.We _ (be) there many times in the past 3 years. 12.The dog _ (die) since 3 days ago. 13.They _ (finish)the work so far
28、. 14.How long you _ (stay) at home yet? 15.I _ (not read) the book before. 16. He just (do) it. 17.My sister _ (walk) to school every day last year. 18.We _ (have) an exam again sometime next week. 19.By 2012, we _ (plant) 2000 trees. 20.Lucy _ _ (go) to Shanghai. She _ (leave) this morning.,havent
29、finished,Have,known,have heard,have been,has been dead,have finished,have,stayed,havent read,has,done,walked,will have,have planted,has gone,left,has had,中考链接,一.选择填空,1、Uncle Dong is _from time to time because he misses his old friends. A. lonely B. alone C. happy D. unkind 2、Mr and Mrs Black _ back
30、_. A. hasnt come, yet B. havent come , yet C. havent , come already D. hasnt come , already 3、We havent seen each other _. A. for a long time B. two days ago C. for two days ago D. a long time ago. 4、It has been in service _ 1998. A. in B. at C. or D. since 5、It _ seven years _ Hong Kong return to C
31、hina.A. was, since B. is, since C. was, after D. is , after,6、- Where are Mike and Jack? - They _ the library. A. have gone B. have been to C. has been to D. has gone to 7、There is a new bridge _ Sunshine Bridge. A. call B. to call C. called D. calling. 8.I _ you a happy holiday. A. hope B. wish C.
32、want D. like 9.I enjoy _ my friends on the internet on Sundays. A. chat B. chatting C. chatting to D. chatting with. 10.In a dictionary which is always before tram. A. train B. try C. tree D. true 11.The place _ be the home of wild red cranes. A. is used to B. used to C. is used D. was used to 12.We
33、 hope you _ a happy holiday in Hong Kong. A. to have B. having C. had D. will have,13.The old man was not _ to climb up the hill. A. healthy B. enough healthy C. health enough D. healthy enough 14.- _ you _ the book _ to the library yet. - Yes. I have. A. Have ，returned，/ B. Have， returned， back C. Did return ，/ D. Did， return，back 15.He has _ finished his homework. Hes now _ a rest. A. yet, having B. just, has C. ever, has D. already, having.,
