1、Unit9,Watch the movie clip and answer the following questions.,How do you understand the statement that “every stammerer always fears they will fall back to square one”?,Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural background,This statement points out the psychol
2、ogical cause of stammering. It means that anyone who suffers from stammering may have the fear of being defeated in competition, or being inferior to his rivals.,Lionel asked the king to erase the shadow of his father and bother as better kings than himself, remove the invisible pressure they gave h
3、im when he was a child, and be himself.,2. What is Lionels suggestion for the King to shrug away his psychological problem ?,Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 2,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural background,The Kings Speech,The two men enter and sit down. A moment of uncertainty. Then Ber
4、tie blurts.,Video Script1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural background,Heres your shilling, Logue (puts shilling down) I understand what you were trying to say, Logue. I went about it the wrong way. Im sorry. Now here I am. Is the nation ready for two minutes of radio silence? Every stammerer always f
5、ears they will fall back to square one. I dont let that happen. You wont let that happen.,BERTIELIONEL BERTIELIONEL,Video Script1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural background,If I fail in my duty. David could come back. Ive seen the placards “Save Our King!” They dont mean me. Every other monarch in h
6、istory succeeded someone who was dead, or about to be. My predecessor is not only alive, but very much so. What a bloody mess! I cant even give them a Christmas Speech. Like your Dad used to do? Precisely. Your father. Hes not here. Yes he is. Hes on that bloody shilling I gave you.,BERTIELIONEL BER
7、TIE LIONEL BERTIE,Video Script1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural background,Easy enough to give away. You dont have to carry him around in your pocket. Or your brother. You dont need to be afraid of things you were afraid of when you were five. A pause Youre very much your own man, Bertie. Your face
8、is next, mate.,66 LIONELLIONEL (CONTD),Stuttering,Cultural background 1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural background,Stuttering is a communication disorder that affects the fluency of speech. It begins during childhood and, in some cases, persists throughout the life span. The disorder is characterize
9、d by disruptions in the production of speech sounds, known as “disfluencies.”,Disfluencies are not necessarily problematic; however, they can impede communication when a speaker produces too many of them or does not resolve them promptly.,Cultural background 2,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural backgro
10、und,2. Stuttered speech,Stuttered speech often includes repetitions of words or parts of words, as well as prolongations of speech sounds. The frequency of these disfluencies among people who stutter tends to be much greater than it is for the general population.,Structural analysis,This text is an
11、autobiographical narrative and it is intended to tell the readers that the building-up of self-confidence is very important to ones personal development.,Part I,(Paragraphs 1 2): The writer presents a striking contrast between his successful career as an actor and television announcer and his severe
12、 stutter in his early childhood. (beginning),Rhetorical features,Structural analysis,Part II,(Paragraphs 3 22): The author recollects how his high school teacher, Professor Crouch, helped him to overcome his stutter and find his voice. (development),Structural analysis,Rhetorical features,Structural
13、 analysis,Part III,(Paragraphs 23 29): The author tells the reader how his voice found with the help of Professor Crouch turned a new leaf in his life and brought him great successes in memorable roles on stage, in films, and on television, and how grateful he is to his teacher, “the father of my re
14、surrected voice.” (ending),Rhetorical Features 1,Rhetorical features,Structural analysis,The New Testament is mentioned twice in the text, first in the first paragraph and then in the last paragraph. It is repeated and distributed this way to give the essay a sense of completeness and to imply that
15、Professor Crouch was “the father of his resurrected voice”. Resurrection refers to the rising of Jesus from the tomb after his death. His resurrection is the basis for the Christian belief that not only Jesus but all Christians will triumph over death.,HOW I FOUND MY VOICE James Earl JonesToday I am
16、 known for my voice as much as for my acting. It has been my good fortune to receive jobs such as the speaking role of Darth Vader in George Lucass Star Wars trilogy and the voice-over announcer for CNN cable television. I also narrated Aaron Coplands Lincoln Portrait on a compact disc I recorded wi
17、th the Seattle Symphony. Perhaps my greatest honor came when I was asked to read the New Testament on tape.But it took a long time to believe such good things could happen to me. When I was a youngster I stuttered so badly I was completely unable to speak in public.,Detailed reading1-2,Detailed read
18、ing,1,2,Detailed reading3-4,Detailed reading,Since I was eight Id had trouble speaking. It was so bad that whenever I stood up in class to read, the other kids snickered and laughed. I always sat down, my face burning with shame.Im not sure what caused my stuttering. Perhaps it was an emotional prob
19、lem. I was born in Arkabutla, Mississippi, and when I was about five, I moved to live with my grandparents on their farm near Dublin in northern Michigan. It was traumatic moving from the warm, easy ways of catfish country to the harsh climate of the north, where people seemed so different.,3,4,Deta
20、iled reading5,Detailed reading,Fortunately, my granddaddy was a gentleman, a farmer who taught me to love the land. He was short and he had a prodigious amount of energy. He even built a church to please grandmother, a fervent worshiper of the Lord. All sorts of people were invited to our little chu
21、rch; white, black and American Indian came together in a nondenominational fellowship. Granddads Irish heritage came out in his love for language; during the week he used “everyday talk”, but on Sunday he spoke only the finest English.,5,Detailed reading6-7,Detailed reading,As much as I admired his
22、fluency, I couldnt come close to it. I finally quit Sunday school and church, not wanting to be humiliated any more. All through my grade school years, the only way the teacher could assess my progress was for me to write down everything I had learned.Oh, I could talk, all right. Our farm animals kn
23、ew that. I found it easy to call the pigs, tell the dogs to round up the cows, and vent my feelings to Fanny, the horse whose big brown eyes and lifted ears seemed to express interest in all I said. But when visitors came and I was asked to say hello, I could only stand, pound my feet, and grit my t
24、eeth. That awful feeling of my voice being trapped got worse as I grew older.,6,7,Detailed reading8-9,Detailed reading,Then when I was 14, Professor Donald Crouch came to our school. He was a retired college professor who had settled in nearby Brethren, a Mennonite community. When he heard that our
25、agricultural high was teaching Chaucer, Shakespeare and other classics, he couldnt stand not being a part of our school. So he left his retreat to teach us English, history and Latin.Donald Crouch was a tall, lean man with gray hair; English was his favorite subject, poetry was his deepest love. Hes
26、 been an associate of Robert Frost. He held a book of poems as if it were a diamond necklace, turning pages as if uncovering treasures. He memorized a poem every day, explaining that if he ever lost his eyesight he would still be able to savor all that beauty.,8,9,Detailed reading10-12,Detailed read
27、ing,When he learned that I not only loved poetry but was writing it, we found a kinship. There was, however, one difficulty between us. Professor Crouch (we always called him that) could not stand the fact I refused to read my poems to the class. “Jim, poetry is meant to be read aloud, just like ser
28、mons,” he pressed. “You should be able to speak those beautiful words.”I shook my head and turned away.,10,11,12,Detailed reading13-17,Detailed reading,Then he tricked me. I labored long and hard on a poem, and after handing it in I waited expectantly for his critique. It didnt come. Instead, one da
29、y as the students assembled, he challenged me. “Jim, I dont think you wrote this.”I stared at him in disbelief. “Why,” I started, anger flooding me, “of course I did!”“Well, then,” he said, “youve got to prove it by getting up and reciting it from memory.”By then the other students had settled at th
30、eir desks. He looked at me meaningfully and nodded. With knees shaking, I walked up before my peers.“Jim will recite his latest poem,” announced Professor Crouch.,13,14,15,16,17,Detailed reading18-20,Detailed reading,For a moment I stood breathless. I could see smirks and wry smiles on some faces. T
31、hen I began. And kept going. I recited my poem all the way through without hesitation or fault! I stood amazed and floated back to my desk in a daze, amid wild applause.Afterward, Professor Crouch congratulated me. “Aha,” he said. “Now we have something here. Not only will you have to write more poe
32、try and read it aloud to know how good it feels, but Im sure that you will want to read other writers poetry before the class.”I was dubious about that, but said Id try.,18,19,20,Detailed reading21-22,Detailed reading,Soon I began to discover something other stutterers know. Most have no problem sin
33、ging because the lyrics rhythmic pattern flows by itself. I found the same cadences in poetry, and before long my fellow students actually looked forward to hearing me recite. I loved the rolling beat of The Song of Hiawatha, especially since I had Indian blood in my veins.I discovered I did have a
34、voice, a strong one. Under Professor Crouchs tutelage, I entered oratorical contests and debates. He never pushed anything at me again; he just wanted all his students to wake up.,21,22,Detailed reading23-24,Detailed reading,As my stuttering disappeared, I began dreaming of becoming an actor, like m
35、y father, who was then performing in New York City. No one in my family had ever gone to college. But encouraged by Professor Crouch, I took exams and won a scholarship to the University of Michigan. There I entered the drama department and after graduation fulfilled my ROTC responsibility by servin
36、g with the Armys Cold Weather Training Command on mountain maneuvers in Colorado.,23,24,Detailed reading25-26,Detailed reading,Later, on the GI Bill, I signed up with the American Theater Wing in New York and supported myself between roles by sweeping floors of off-Broadway stages. In 1962 I earned
37、an Obie for my role in an off-Broadway production of Othello, and have been an actor ever since.Meanwhile, I always kept in touch with my old professor, by letter and telephone. Every time we talked it was always, “Hi, Jim. Read any good poetry lately?” He was losing his sight and I remembered his e
38、arly explanation of why he had memorized poetry. In later years when I was doing Shakespeares Timon of Athens at the Yale Repertory Theater in New Haven, Connecticut, I phoned him. “Can I fly you in from Michigan to see it?”,25,26,Detailed reading27-29,Detailed reading,“Jim,” he sighed, “Im blind no
39、w. Id hate not to be able to see you acting. It would hurt too much.”“I understand, Professor,” I said, helped in part by the realization that though my mentor could no longer see, he was still living in a world vibrant with all of the beautiful treasures he had stored.About two years later I learne
40、d Donald Crouch had passed on. When I was asked to record the New Testament, I really did it for a tall, lean man with gray hair who had not only helped to guide me to the author of the Scriptures, but as the father of my resurrected voice, had also helped me find abundant life.,27,28,29,Why could t
41、he narrator hardly believe that such good things as described in Paragraph 1 could ever happen to him? (Paragraph 2),Detailed reading2Question 2,Because the great achievements were far beyond the expectations of such a poor stutterer as he used to be. When he was young he was completely unable to sp
42、eak in public due to his serious stuttering. Thus he could never imagine that he would make such good achievements.,Detailed reading,Why does the narrator describe his moving at the age of five as traumatic? (Paragraph 4),Detailed reading5Question 4,Because he felt that the place he moved to was dra
43、stically different climatically and culturally from where he had been.,Detailed reading,Why did the narrator quit Sunday school and church? (Paragraph 6),Detailed reading8Question 67,Because he wanted to avoid the humiliation he suffered there for his stuttering.,Detailed reading,Why does the narrat
44、or say the farm animals knew he could talk? (Paragraph 7),Because the animals never laughed at him, he was not nervous at all when he talked to them as a way of venting his feelings.,Why couldnt Professor Crouch stand not being a part of the narrators school? (Paragraph 9),Detailed reading8Question
45、9,Because he loved English classics, especially poetry, which was one of the subjects taught at the narrators school. His deep love for poetry was vividly described in the metaphor: “He held a book of poems as if it were a diamond necklace, turning pages as if uncovering treasures.”,Detailed reading
46、,What event made the narrator open his mouth in public without stuttering for the first time? (Paragraphs 1318),Detailed reading8Question 1318,It was Professor Crouchs trick. When the narrator handed in his poem, Crouch purposefully challenged him for his authorship. Consequently the narrator was pr
47、ovoked into reciting his poem in the presence of his classmates without stuttering.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading8 Activity,Group discussions Have you ever spoken to a large audience? How did you feel? Do you think voice is important to personal development?,Detailed reading,Comparison:,newscast
48、er, host/hostess newscaster: sb. who reads the news during a newscast host/hostess: sb. who introduces and talks to the people taking part in television or radio programs,e.g.,The newscaster was in competition with ten others for the job.,e.g.,Benidick is a popular TV host.,the voice-over announcer:
49、 the unseen announcer who makes a commentary or gives an explanation which is heard as part of a film or television program,Detailed reading1 the voice-over announcer,Detailed reading,in public: If you do sth. in public, people in general will hear about it or see it.,Detailed reading1 in public,Detailed reading,e.g.,She was too proud to show her grief in public. On this occasion, we departed from our normal practice of holding the meetings in public.,Antonym:,in private,e.g.,Cecil can be very rude in private, though in public he is usually polite.,
