1、,2,C H A P T E R,Organizational Culture,DEFINE the terms organizational culture, socialization, and career EXPLAIN it is too simplistic to assume that managers can state that they are creating a firms culture DESCRIBE the relationship between a societys culture and organizational culture IDENTIFY sp
2、ecific practices and programs used by organizations to facilitate socialization,2-3,Organizational Culture,SharedExpectations,SharedValues,SharedAttitudes,Organizational Culture,Assumptions,Adaptations,Perceptions,Learning,(See Exhibit 2.1),2-4,Influencing Cultural Change,Intervention PointsChanging
3、 employee behaviorJustifying the need for behavioral changeCommunicating to motivate new behaviors Socializing new employeesRemoving employees consistently deviating from the culture,2-5,Socialization and Culture,Socialization is the process by which organizations bring new employees into the cultur
4、e.,Involves a transmittal of values, assumptions, and attitudes Emphasizes the “fit” between the new employee and the culture Ongoing throughout an individuals career,2-6,Socialization and Career Stages,2-7,Socialization Stages,Anticipatory Socialization involves all those activities the individual
5、undertakes prior to entering the organization or to taking a different job in the same organization.,Primary purpose is to acquire two kinds of information: What working for the organization is really like, and Whether they are suited to the jobs in the organizationFit between employee and the organ
6、ization best if these exist: Realism Congruence,2-8,Socialization Stages,Accommodation involves all those activities through which an individual attempts to become an active participant in the organization and competent performer on the job.,Four major activities comprise this stage: Establishing ne
7、w interpersonal relationships with both coworkers and supervisors Learning the task required to perform the job Clarifying their role in the organization and in the formal and informal relevant to that role Evaluating the progress they are making toward satisfying the demands of the job and the role
8、.,2-9,Socialization Stages,Conflict and stress arise between: The individuals work and home lives The individuals work group and other work groups in other organizations,Role Management,2-10,Effective Socialization,Effective Anticipatory Socialization,Organizations Primary Activities: Recruitment Pr
9、ograms Selection Practices Placement Practices,2-11,Effective Socialization,Effective Accommodative Socialization,Accommodation Activities Orientation Training Performance evaluation Challenging work Demanding bosses,2-12,Effective Socialization: Orientation,“Survival of the Fittest” Approach New em
10、ployee must enter into an ongoing and unfamiliar social system He/she must cope and survive alone in ignorance Orientation left to chance,Formal Orientation Program Approach Formalize some or all of the transitional activities Assign specific individuals to support new employees Develop realistic jo
11、b expectations, positive attitudes toward the employer, and job satisfaction,2-13,Mentors and Socialization,General Functions of Mentors,Career Functions Sponsorship Exposure and visibility Coaching Production Challenging Assignments,Psychosocial Functions Role Modeling Acceptance and Confirmation C
12、ounseling Friendship,2-14,Hofstedes Cultural Value Dimensions,Power Distance is the level of acceptance by a society of unequal power distributions in organizations.,Orientation toward authority,High,Low,Denmark,Malaysia,2-15,Hofstedes Cultural Value Dimensions,Uncertainty Avoidance is the extent to
13、 which people in a society feel threatened by ambiguous situations.,Desire for stability,High,Low,Great Britain,Japan,2-16,Hofstedes Cultural Value Dimensions,Individualism is the tendency of people to fend for themselves and their family.,Individualism,Collectivism,Pakistan,United States,2-17,Hofst
14、edes Cultural Value Dimensions,Masculinity refers to the degree of traditional “masculine” values-assertiveness and materialism for others.,Assertive,Relational,Switzerland,Austria,High,Low,2-18,Dimensions of Diversity: Understanding and Valuing Difference,Core or Primary Dimensions Age, ethnicity,
15、gender, physical attributes, race, sexual/affectional orientation Have a lifelong impact on behavior and attitudes,Secondary Dimensions Educational background, marital status, religious beliefs, and work experience Differences acquired, discarded, or modified throughout life,2-19,INCREASING,Managing Cultural Diversity,CULTURAL DIVERSITY,Changing Domestic Demographics,Rising Global Competition,Potential Advantages Better able to compete Penetrate new markets Succeed in foreign markets,Potential Limitations Miscommunications Misunderstanding Authority relationships,
