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波多黎各儿童对艾滋病患者的态度PPT课件.ppt

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1、波多黎各儿童对艾滋病患者的态度:,-通过绘画和故事来探索污名效应,Childrens Attitudes Toward People With AIDS in Puerto Rico: Exploring Stigma Through Drawings and StoriesMilagritos Gonzlez-Rivera Jos A. Bauermeister,报告人:刘洋(200921060037) 日期:2010-5-28,Contents,研究背景,1,方法,2,结果,3,讨论,4,研究背景,AIDS污名: 主要是指对艾滋病感染者,或者与之相关的个体、群体、组织的歧视、偏见、怀疑、漠

2、视等现象。,这些偏见和误解会对艾滋病的教育产生极大的影响。,问题提出,只采用用了分析 的方法而没有其他视觉表达(如)的方法。 只对艾滋病这一种病进行了检验,而没有相比其他疾病进行实验。 只对二年级的儿童进行了分析,而处于儿童与青少年的分界年龄的儿童(如五、六年级)可能与他们会有很大的差异。,本研究目的,绘画,故事,艾滋病,其他疾病,方法,将被试随机分成绘画组和故事组每个孩子只进行一项活动以免产生疲劳和练习效应。整个实验持续90分钟完成任务后,让他们聚在一起讨论艾滋病的预防,52%,110名五年级的学生 平均年龄为10岁他们的家庭社会经济背景不同。10所学校,其中8所宗教学校,2所普通学校。,被

3、试,被试选择,写故事阶段: 写故事阶段: 一个艾滋病患者的故事;一个癌症患者的故事;一个艾滋病患者和作者(即被试自己)的故事。,Step 4,绘画组,Step 1,Step 2,Step 3,准备阶段:征得家长和孩子的同意 随机分成绘画组和故事组,绘画阶段: 一个健康的人;一个癌症病人;一个艾滋病患者;一个得了感冒的人;一个艾滋病患者和作者(即被试自己),个体访谈: 访谈内容有:姓名;是否认识癌症、艾滋病、感冒的患者;每幅画中的人都在干什么;了解艾滋病的哪些知识。 经学生同意后全班展示,记录数据阶段: 研究者们对孩子们的访谈结果进行编码和记录,故事组,展示阶段: 在孩子们写完了故事后,得到了他

4、们的允许,并匿名对外展示。有些孩子自愿读自己的故事给小组内的成员听。,数据分析-绘画组,研究助理按性别和年龄将被试的画分类并记录下访谈。高级研究者根据画中人物身体大小,身高以及可以识别的身体特征,衣服款式,动作和面部特征进行了比较。两个评分者间信度在0.94的水平上。如果遇到评价不一致的情况,需要第三评分者。,数据分析-故事组,通过故事中搜集的描述性信息,生成编码系统。研究者阅读所有故事,确定主题,生成主题编码表。再次阅读确定故事中包含的共同主题。两个评分者间信度在0.93的水平上。如果遇到评价不一致的情况,需要第三评分者。,结果,总体上来说,所有的学生对于健康的人和得感冒的人的画像要比艾滋病

5、和癌症病人的更加积极。,Stories about a person with cancer,There was a boy at school named Gabriel. His grandma was chubby. She started getting chubbier and chubbier. She looked like a balloon. One day they told her that the reason was that she had a cancer inside. They took her to a hospital and performed a su

6、rgery and they took out the cancer and then she no longer looked like a balloon nor looked chubby anymore and was cured.,Stories about a person with cancer,“The Chimney Man”In the blue sky town there was a bad man that everyonecalled Mr. Chimney. They called him that because hewas always smoking and

7、 looked like a chimney walking around town. The children yelled at him that he should not smoke because it was bad and he was going to die, but he didnt pay attention. One day he began to cough and cough and smoke came out of his nose and his ears when he coughed and it was that he had cancer. He co

8、ntinued smoking until he died.,A boy got sick and he had cancer because his mom had cancer. His grandma told him that he should pray a lotand that if he ate well and exercised he was going to be cured. He saw that his mom died because she neither ate well nor exercised and decided to follow her gran

9、dmasadvice and ate well and exercised and one day he started seeing his mom who was in heaven and he got cured.,Stories about a person with cancer,Stories about people with AIDS,“My Last Day”My name is Pepito and a man whose skin was coveredwith bubbles touched me and now I have AIDS.I amdeveloping

10、bubbles and people dont love me. I dont want to touch my mother so that she wont get the bubbles. Today is Thursday and I am very sick, I will die on Friday.,The boy with AIDS was left abandoned. His mom and dad had AIDS and had died and now he has AIDS and nobody takes care of him or loves him. He

11、is living alone like a homeless person without a house or anything. A woman was going to take care of him but when she found out that he had AIDS, she didnt want him anymore.,Stories about people with AIDS,“Carlos”Carlos is a well behaved young man but very dumb. He went to school every day and came

12、 back home. One day he was at a park and a man gave him a medicine but it wasnt a medicine, it was drug and it had AIDS. Carlos got sick and stopped being a well behaved boy. He was unable to grow up and died.,Stories about people with AIDS,Stories about the person with AIDS and the child,One day at

13、 the park there was a boy who had AIDS and the children didnt know it and he was always with blood and with drugs. He began to touch all of us children atschool and everyone got sick and they touched theirfathers and mothers at their houses, they got sick too. When their parents touched their siblin

14、gs they also got sick. Everybody in the town died and it was all the fault of the kid who used drugs and was with blood.,A boy called Xavier became my friend and he was very cute. He had AIDS because he had many girlfriends and used drugs and I didnt know it. One day he offered me drugs and I said n

15、o and he wasnt my friend anymore. He continues going out with many girls and giving them drugs because he is very cute.,Stories about the person with AIDS and the child,讨论-Part 1,总体来说,波多黎各的儿童对PWA(艾滋病患者)有很强的污名效应。对PWA有很显著的刻板印象。数据收集技术不同,得出的对PWA的态度表征也不同。儿童认为艾滋病患者可以通过外观被识别出来。,讨论-Part 2,没有在图画中发现AIDS和性行为有联系。Reason1:缺乏AIDS与性行为密切联系的教育信息。Reason2:社会禁忌。前青春期儿童对PWA的表征和其他疾病明显不同。Reason:与儿童对AIDS理解的严重性有关。,讨论-Part 3,仅考察了五年级儿童对PWA的态度。在绘画中,被试有夸大疾病符号表征的可能。有些儿童可能不喜欢绘画这种态度表达方式。时间限制。公立学校和私立学校间可能存在差异。,我的思考和疑问,为什么使用绘画作为数据收集的方式?论述不充分2. 工具型污名和象征型污名有何区别和联系?哪种污名效应在10岁儿童中所起的作用更大?3.绘画分析为什么不采用量化的描述统计呢?,Thank You!,

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