1、* 1This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroll
2、er and DS18B20 temperature sensor.慢性肾功能衰竭的护理2018/11/2* 2This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The co
3、re components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.概 念慢性肾功能衰竭（ chronic renal failure，简称慢性肾衰） ,是各种肾脏疾病进行性发展恶化的最终结局，主要表现为肾功能减退，代谢产物潴留引起全身各系统症状，及水、电解质、酸碱平衡失调的一组临床综合征。与急性肾功能衰竭不同，为不可逆性的，预后差。2018/11/2* 3This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperatu
4、re control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.添加标题主讲人：点击添加副标题* 4This paper mainly
5、introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temper
6、ature sensor.分期慢性肾功能不全的分期肾功能不全代偿期 肾功能不全失 代偿期 肾功能衰竭期慢性肾功能不全的分期肾功能不全代偿期肾功能不全失代偿期 肾功能衰竭期* 5This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and s
7、ingle chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.(一 )肾功能不全代偿期 . 肾小球滤过率降低，但在 5080ml /min,血尿素氮和肌酐（ 178umol/L）正常，临床无症状。2018/11/2* 6This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes th
8、e function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.（二）肾功能不全失代偿期 .肌酐清除率降 2550ml/min，临床出现夜尿多、乏力、轻度消化道症状和贫血等 ,肾浓缩功能差 ,血尿素氮及肌酐
9、（ 178 445 umol/L）明显升高，可有酸中毒。2018/11/2* 7This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of
10、 the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.（三）肾功能衰竭期 .当肌酐清除率降至 1025ml/min时即进入此阶段血肌酐多 445707umol/L，血尿素氮在 20mmol/L以上。出现全身的严重中毒症状，突出表现在消化系统、心血管系统、造血系统、神经系统等，及水、电解质、酸碱平衡紊乱又称尿毒症期（肾衰期 ). 需透析治疗维持生命 .血肌酐 707mol/L以上，肌酐清除率在 10ml/min以下，酸中毒症状明显，全身各系统症状严重，又被称为 尿毒症晚期或终末期。2018/11/2* 8Th
11、is paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller an
12、d DS18B20 temperature sensor.二、病因原发性肾脏病 如：肾小球肾炎、慢性肾盂肾炎继发于全身疾病的肾脏病变 如：系统性红斑狼疮、过敏性紫癜、糖尿病等先天性疾病 如：多囊肾、痛风肾病等均可导致肾功能衰竭。2018/11/2* 9This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus di
13、gital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.发病机制（二）矫枉失衡学说2（一）健存肾单位学说 1（四）毒素滞留学说4（三）肾小球高灌注、高压、高滤过学说 35* 10This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control syst
14、em which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.三、临床表现。（一）代谢产物、毒素积蓄引起的中毒症状（二）水、电解质和酸碱平衡失调 2018/11/2
15、* 11This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontrol
16、ler and DS18B20 temperature sensor.临床表现消化系统 胃肠道症状是 最早 、 最突出 的症状。表现食欲不振、恶心、呕吐、腹泻及消化道出血。口腔有尿臭味。2018/11/2* 12This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature se
17、nsor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.临床表现（ 1）高血压：尿毒症时约 80%以上患者有高血压（ 2）心力衰竭： 是常见死亡原因之一。（ 3）尿毒症性心包炎 （ 4）心律失常：可发生各种心律失常 （ 5）尿毒症性心肌病 心血管系统2018/11/2* 13This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelli
18、gent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.临床表现呼吸系统酸中毒时呼吸深而长。代谢产物
19、潴留可引起尿毒症性支气管炎、胸膜炎、肺炎 .2018/11/2* 14This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the
20、system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.临床表现1骨骼系统常见表现包括：纤维性骨炎，尿毒症骨软化症，骨质疏松症及骨硬化症2血液系统贫血主要是由于红细胞生成减少和破坏增加毒素使红细胞寿命缩短43神经系统肾衰早期常疲乏、失眠，逐渐出现精神异常 ,幻觉、抑郁、淡漠，严重者昏迷。可能与毒素潴留有关。皮肤表现常见皮肤瘙痒，可能与尿毒症的毒素沉积皮肤及甲状旁腺机能亢进引起的钙沉着于皮肤所致。2018/11/2* 15This paper mainly introduces the design of an inte
21、lligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.性功能障碍女性患者月经不规则甚至闭经。
22、男性患者常有阳痿现象 。代谢紊乱由于肾脏清除胰岛素减少，而尿毒症毒素可干扰胰岛素作用，加强外周组织对胰岛素的抵抗性，可表现空腹血糖轻度升高，糖耐量可异常。基础代谢率下降，体温常偏低。免疫系统机能低下易伴发感染，以 肺部 及 尿路感染 多见，且不易控制，多为主要死亡原因之一。 临床表现* 16This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by
23、 using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.（二）水、电解质和酸碱平衡失调 。慢性肾功能衰竭进展中常见的症状肾衰晚期，钾平衡失调多见 ,表现肌肉软弱无力，肢体瘫痪，重者表现心律紊乱心跳骤停因肾小管浓缩功能减退，表现夜尿多，又常有厌食、呕吐或腹泻易引起脱水，尿少。当水、钠的摄入量增加，不能相
24、应的排泄，则引起水钠潴留，出现水肿。酸中毒高血钾及低血钾失水或水过多2018/11/2* 17This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core compon
25、ents of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.有关检查 血常 规 血红蛋白多在 80g/L以下，最低达 20g/L白血球与血小板正常或偏低。尿常规大便 大便隐血试验可阳性，因消化道出血所致其它检查 B型超声检查示双肾体积小，肾萎缩肾图示双肾功能明显受 损 。尿蛋白 3+ 晚期可阴性尿量可正常但夜尿多，尿比重低，严重者尿比重固定在 1.010。生化检查 血肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸增高，血钙 偏低，血磷增高。血清钾、钠浓度可正常降低或增高2018/11/2* 18This paper mainl
26、y introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temp
27、erature sensor.治疗治疗原发病和纠正肾衰可逆因素 是治疗慢性肾衰的关键。2018/11/2* 19This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The co
28、re components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.治疗饮食疗法 低蛋白（ 2040g/d）饮食，但为高生物效价优质蛋白如鸡蛋、牛奶、瘦肉、鱼等，蛋白质入量根据肾功能加以调整。在低蛋白饮食中，应保证充足的热量及多种维生素。有高血压、浮肿及尿量少者应限盐，2018/11/2* 20This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes
29、 the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.治疗高血钾症者应限制含钾高的食物摄入（如香蕉，柑橘、木耳等）。限制含磷丰富的食物（如 蛋黄 、全麦面包 .内脏 类、 干豆类、红豆、黄豆
30、等）、 硬核果 类（花生、瓜子、黑芝麻等）食物。2018/11/2* 21This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of th
31、e system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.治疗必需氨基酸疗法 治疗用的必需氨基酸，使体内必需和非必需氨基酸比例适当，必需氨基酸在合成蛋白中，能利用部分尿素，使血清白蛋白升高，血尿素氮下降，可改善尿毒症症状。 2018/11/2* 22This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurem
32、ent and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.治疗 高血压 限水、钠、配合利尿药及降压药等综合治疗。 感染 慢性肾衰出现感染时，应积极控制感染，避免使用肾毒性药物， 纠正酸中毒 可口服碳酸氢钠 12g，每日 3次。酸中毒明显，应静脉补碱。 肾性骨病 可应用
33、骨化三醇提高血钙， 贫血： 用重组人类红细胞生成素。补充造成原料（铁剂、叶酸），严重贫血可适当输新鲜血。对症治疗2018/11/2* 23This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcom
34、puter. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.治疗血液透析目的 长期维持生命。配合肾移植。 因某种诱因造成肾功能急性加重，血透帮助度过难关 。2018/11/2* 24This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement
35、 and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.治疗腹膜透析 更适用于老年患者，糖尿病、心血管系统不稳定，活动性出血者不宜全身用肝素者。腹透但易感染。2018/11/2* 25This paper mainly introduces the design of a
36、n intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.治疗肾移植 对慢性肾功能衰
37、竭的患者，经保守治疗无效时，应考虑作肾移植。供肾者有二种： 亲属活体肾 ； 尸体供肾 。结肠透析 高位结肠透析，用中药煎剂作透析液可降低尿素氮。适用肾功能不全较轻者。口服透析液法 通过口服大量透析液引起腹泻，以清除毒物，改善症状，价格便宜。指征同结肠透析。2018/11/2* 26This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by usin
38、g single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.标题栏 家庭应对无效焦虑活动无耐力有受伤的危险有皮肤完整性受损的危险有感染的危险营养失调体液过多体液过多营养失调活动无耐力有受伤的危险有皮肤完整性受损的危险有感染的危险家庭应对无效焦虑主要护理诊断* 27This paper mainly introduc
39、es the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature se
40、nsor.护理措施卧床休息 以增加肾血流量，提高肾小球滤过率，增加尿量，减轻水肿。准确记录 24小时出入量 。出量包括尿量、大便量、呕吐物，进行透析治疗者记录超滤液量。入量包括食物含水量、饮水量及输液量。2018/11/2* 28This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital tempe
41、rature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.护理措施饮食护理 ：注意蛋白质的合理摄入 ，既要防止加重氮质血症，又要防止低蛋白血症和营养不良。要求饮食中 60%以上的蛋白质必须是富含必需氨基酸的蛋白，如：鸡蛋、牛奶、瘦肉、鱼等。2018/11/2* 29This paper mainly introduces the design of an inte
42、lligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.护理措施可适当 增加活动量 ，促进食欲
43、，使食物色、香、味俱全，进食前休息片刻，提供干净、整洁、舒适的住院环境，少量多餐。病人有高血钾时，应限制白菜、萝卜、梨、桃等，并积极治疗。2018/11/2* 30This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.护理措施减轻水肿 的护理措施：指导病人限制液体的摄入量，并给予低盐（ 2g/d）饮食，进食以干饭为主，不能喝汤，为增加食欲可用酱油烹饪。控制水的入量，量出为入，入量 =出量 +500ml。遵医嘱使用利尿药和血管扩张药等。2018/11/2
