1、Section A Grammar Focus-4c,Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious!,九年级(全),Words review,幻灯片上单词出现时，同学应迅速读出该单词并说出意思，说不出时，可有5秒钟的现场求救时间（向其他同学），每名同学接受求救不得超过3次。,mooncake,lantern,stranger,relative,put on,pound,steal,lay out,lay,dessert,garden,admire,whoever,goddess,folk,tradition,Grammar Focus,1.that,i
2、f和whether引导的宾语从句,Objective clauses with that, if and whether Exclamatory statements,2.感叹句,名词性从句noun clause,主语从句 subject clause,宾语从句 object clause,表语从句 predicative clause,同位语从句 appositive clause,试比较：,We know him,We know he likes English.,主s,主s,谓v,谓v,宾o,宾o,宾语从句就是用一个句子来构成主句的宾语,简单句,复合句,1. 什么是宾语从句？,Do yo
3、u know who is the first Chinese astronaut (宇航员)?Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.Please tell me where she has gone.I dont know if he will come tonight.Lets find out whats on tonight .,Find out the Object Clauses,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。,e.g. 1.I hear (that) he will
4、 be back in an hour.2.He said (that) he missed us very much.,1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,a. 在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that 从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.eg: We must make it clear that we mean what we say. b. 由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.,that在宾语从句中的省略与保留,eg: He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.
5、c.当that作介词except, in等宾语时 e.g. They believe in that she must still be single.I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing.,2.由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,I want to know if/whether she is right .They didnt know whether Tom could come back or not .,if/whether 引导宾语从句 表示“是否” if/whether可互换, 但
6、whetheror not为固定搭配.,1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 eg: I dont know whether or not he will come. 注意：如果or not放在whether所引导的从句 句尾，则可以用if来替换。I dont know whether/if he will come or not. eg: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,注意whether和if的使用区别,a.当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if.,b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.,He asked me whether
7、 I wanted to go there by train or by bus. 他问我是想乘火车还是坐公共汽车去那里。 注：whether和or一起还有“不管”之意,引 导让步状语从句。 Whether he drives or takes the train, he will be here on time. 不管开车来还是乘火车来，他都会准时到。,c.在强调任意选择时,用whetheror,此时不用 if 替换whether。,e.g. Whether he will come I am not sure. e.g. He asked me whether Id move to New
8、 York if I got the job.,d. 虽引导宾语从句，但为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句放在句首，此时只用whether不用if。,e. 句子中有if 引导的条件句，如再有表示“是否”的宾语从句，用whether不用if。,Please let me know if you need help. 如果你需要帮助请告诉我。 或：请告诉我你是否需要帮助。对比： Please let me know whether you need help. 请告诉我你是否需要帮助。I dont know if it wont rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是不是会下雨。,f. 容易产生歧
9、义时用whether不用if来表示 “是否”。,g. 如果宾语从句为否定句时，则只用if不用whether。,2).引导主语从句置于句首时，只能用whethere.g. Whether he comes or not makes no difference. 3). Whether可以引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可以 4).用在动词不定式之前时用whether不用if。 I dont know whether to go there at once. 我不知道是不是该立刻去那里。,3.由连接代词 Who, whom, whose, which, what 和连接副词 where, how,
10、 why, when引导的宾语从句,e.g. 1.Do you know whose book it is ?2.Please tell me when well have a meeting .3.Could you tell me why the train is late?4.He asked who could answer the question.,当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。,2. 宾语从句中时态的变化,He will go to Hong Kong . He is sick. He is reading a boo
11、k . He has finished his work.,He had finished his work.,He would go to Hong Kong .,He was sick.,He was reading a book .,当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。,the sun is much bigger than the moon .,Summer is after Spring .,the earth moves around the sun.,He told me (that),We kmew (that),Th
12、e teacher told us (that),当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。,Danny says that he will learn English.Do you know where he came from?Please tell me how I can get to the bus station .,无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。,3.宾语从句的语序,宾语从句三要素,引导词,that+陈述句,ifwhether+一般疑问句,特殊疑问词+特殊疑问
13、句,时态,主句为一般现在时,主句为一般过去时,一般过去时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时,语序,宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序,从句客观真理时态不变,从句可为任何时态,学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词。 时态主从要呼应： 主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意； 主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去； 宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。 语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。 That 连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。 从句若表“是否”时，if/whether要慎记。 特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。 三个问题需牢记，切莫丢东忘了西。,宾语从句歌,1. Tom said. He is reading a book. 2
14、. He asks me. Are they playing a game? 3. Where is the hospital? He told me. 4.Who bought the pen? He wondered. ,Tom said that he was reading a book.,He asks me if/whether they are playing a game.,He told me Where the Hospital was.,He wondered who bought the pen.,Who can answer the question？The teac
15、her askedThe teacher asked who could answer the question Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? What happened?Eg: I dont know whats the matter.,1. The radio says it _cloudy tomorrow. (be) 2. The headmaster hopes everything _well. (go) 3. Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six o clock
16、 yesterday evening. 4. I hear they _ (return) it already.,will be,goes,were playing,have returned,Exercises,5. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) 6. He asked what they _ at eight last night. （do) 7. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel) 8. I think
17、 you _ about the relay race now. （talk) 9. I didnt know whom the letters _from. (be),had been,were doing,travels,are talking,were,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.,whether/if,whether,whether,用if 或whet
18、her 填空,所谓感叹句，就是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈情感的句子。近年来，感叹句的构成及转换是中考常考的考点之一。 感叹句一般由“what” 和“how”来开头的句子 “what”修饰名词，“how”修饰形容词和副词,What 和 How引导的感叹句,A beautiful flowerIt is a very beautiful flower.What a beautiful flower it is!,A lovely cat It is a lovely cat. What a lovely cat it is!,An interesting story book It is an int
19、eresting story book. What an interesting story book it is!,Delicious cakes They are delicious cakes. What delicious cakes they are!,Beautiful flowers,They are very beautiful flowers. What beautiful flowers they are!,A pretty girl,She is a very pretty girl.,What a pretty girl she is !,Simple conclusi
20、on: What+ a/an+adj.+n.+ it is/ she is/ he is,Exciting people The people are exciting.,How exciting the people are!,Simple conclusion : How +adj. +the+n. +is/are!,What 引导的感叹句,“what“意为“多么“用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），名词前可有其它定语成份（即：形容词或冠词）。单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。,一般有三种形式，此时what为形容词，作定 语，用来修饰它后面的名词或词组。
21、 1. what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！What an interesting story it is!多么有趣的故事呀！ What a good girl she is! 她是个多么好的一个女孩啊！,2. what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！What bad weather is it? 多么糟糕的天气！ 3. what+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！What good students they are! 他们是多么
22、好的学生啊！,“how”意为“多么”，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词。,How 引导的感叹句,有三种结构形式。此时how是副词，用来修 饰其后的形容词或副词，也可以修饰动词。 1、How+形容词+主语+谓语！例如： How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！How hot it is today! 今天多么热呀！,2、How+副词+主语+谓语！ 例如： How happy they look!他们显得多么高兴呀！How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快呀！ 3、How+主
23、语+谓语（陈述句）！例如： How he loves his son! 他是多么的爱他的儿子！How time flies! 光阴似箭！,表示同一意义时，感叹既可用“what” 引导，也可用“how“引导, What a hot day it is!How hot the day is ! 多么热的天气呀！ What tall buildings they are!How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀！, What bad weather it is!How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天气呀！ What bright sunshine
24、it is!How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的阳光呀！,表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常省略其后面的主语和谓语, What a fine day（it is）!多么晴朗的天呀！ What an honest boy!多么诚实的孩子呀！ What red apples（they are)!多么红的苹果呀！, How cool! 好凉快呀！ How wonderful! 精彩极了！口语中常用:What a pity! 真遗憾！ What a shame! 真遗憾!真可耻！,what修饰名词 What +名词+陈述语序 What+a+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序 What+
25、 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序 What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序,how 修饰形容词，副词或动词: How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序 How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序,How VS What,How tall the man is!What a tall man (he is)!,A. How lovely these pandas are! B. What lovely pandas(they are)！,Wow, what a big pumpkin! How big this pumpkin is!,1. think/Lantern Festival/beautifu
26、lI think that the Lantern Festival is beautiful. 2. dont know /whether /he /come home /for the festival _ _ 3. believe/Water Festival/most/fun _,4a Write sentences using the words given.,I dont know whether he will come home for the festival.,I believe that the Water Festival is the most fun.,4. won
27、der/if/mooncakes/delicious _ 5. how/exciting/races_ 6. what/interesting/city _,Jenny wonders if the mooncakes are delicious.,How exciting the races are!,What an interesting city ( it is)!,4b Read the passage below and underline the objective clauses. If possible write your own sentences about Mother
28、s Day and Fathers Day using objective clauses.,Dear Xia Yu, Do you know that there are two special days for parents in America? One is Mothers Day on the second Sunday of May and the other is Fathers Day on the third Sunday of June. On these two days, American children often give gifts to their pare
29、nts or take them out,for lunch or dinner. Common gifts are flowers and cards for mothers and shirts or ties for fathers. I heard that it is becoming more and more popular to celebrate Mothers Day and Fathers Day in China. I wonder if children over there also give similar gifts to their parents. I be
30、lieve that there are many ways to show our love. Actually, we dont have to spend a lot of money. It is also a good idea to help parents to do something instead.June,Objective clause: 1. Do you know that there are two special days for parents in America? 2. I heard that it is becoming more and more p
31、opular to celebrate Mothers Day and Fathers Day in China. 3. I wonder if children over there also give similar gifts to their parents. 4. I believe that there are many ways to show our love.,Actually, we dont have to spend a lot of money. 事实上，我们不必花很多钱。have to 意为“必须；不得不”，强调由于客 观因素主语不得不做某事，有人称和时态的变 化，
32、其后跟动词原形。 Because he had no money, he had to drop out of school.因为没有钱，他不得不辍学。,Language Points,have to 与 must have to: “必须；不得不”，表示客观需要， 有人称、数、时态的变化。dont have to 表示“不必” must : “必须; 一定” 表示说话人主观上的看法，must 只有一种形式。 mustnt 表示“禁止” You dont have to tell him about it.你不必把这件事告诉他。 You mustnt tell him about it.你一定
33、不要把这件事告诉他。,(2) spend 动词，意为“用，花”，常用句型为 spend some time/ money ( in ) doing sth. 花费时间/钱做某事。spend 后接动词的-ing。 I spent two hour (in) reading the novel.我花了两小时读这篇小说。 I spent 100 yuan buying the sweater.我花了100元买这件毛衣。,4c Which festival do you like best? Ask your group and report to the class.,e.g. In our gro
34、up, Davids favorite festival is . He thinks that ,In our group, Davids favorite festival is Halloween. He thinks that on that day children will wear special costumes with mask to take part in Halloween party. And play “trick or treat”.,Sample:,典型例题 1）_ food youve cooked! A. How a nice B. What a nice
35、 C. How nice D. What nice 2）_terrible weather weve been having these days! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 3) _ food youve cooked! A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice,D,A,D,Exercises,4._beautiful day it is! Lets go and have a picnic in the park.A.How B.How a C.What D.What a 5._wo
36、nderful news report he wrote!A.What a B.What C.Which D.Weather 6.With the help of doctors, the boy can see again. _he is!A.What luckly B.What a luck C. How luck D.How a luck,D,B,C,What 与How 大转换,1. What a pretty girl she is! _ _ the girl is! 2. How difficult the questions are! _ _ _ they are. 3. How
37、big the factory is! _ _ big factory _ _!,How pretty,What difficult questions,What a,it is,4.What a clever boy! _ _ the boy _! 5. How tall the trees are! _ tall trees _ _! 6. What interesting books they are! _ _ the books _! 7. How funny the girl is! _ _ funny girl _ _!,How clever,are,What a,they are
38、,How interesting,What,she is,is,8. How old the man is! _ _ old man _ _! 9. What nice books they are! _ _ the books _! 10. How amazing the building is! _ _amazing building _ _!,What an,he is,How nice,are,What an,it is,将下列句子改为感叹句 The girl is very pretty.How pretty the girl is!What a pretty girl she is
39、! 2. This is an old watch.How old this watch is!What an old watch it (this) is!,3. The food is so nice.How nice the food is! What nice food it is! 4. These questions are very easy.How easy these questions are!What easy questions these are! 5. She has long hair.How long her hair is!What long hair she
40、 has!,根据汉语提示，完成句子。,1.He says_ _.(他说他爸爸三天后回来) 2.Our teacher asks _ _.(昨天谁打碎了玻璃) 3.Please tell me_ _.(他们正在谈论什么),that his father will be back,in three days,who broke the,window yesterday,what they are,talking about,1. Could you tell me where do they live?2. She knew that Danny is a student.3. He told me that winter was colder than autumn.,was,is,Find out the mistakes and correct.,Homework,Practice more exercise to master the grammar learnt in this part.,Thank You!,
