1、云南办事处技术交流,GSR系列产品介绍,12K Architecture Overview,Fully distributed, multi-gigabit IP Router RP provides routing and control services Line cards perform IP forwarding Advanced QoS capabilities Bandwidth scalable (OC12, OC48, OC192),12K Architecture Overview,Cisco GSR 系列路由器包括12000、12400、12800 三种系列。 Cisco
2、 12016 使用80G 矩阵，有16 个插槽，可支持15 个OC-48c/STM-16c 接口。 Cisco 12416 使用和12016 一样的机箱，通过替换矩阵卡，升级到320G 矩阵，可支持15 个OC-192c/STM-64c 接口。 Cisco 12816 使用和12016 一样的机箱，通过替换矩阵卡，升级到1280G 矩阵，可支持15 个2XOC-192c/STM-64c 接口。,12K Architecture Overview,Cisco 12008 Product Highlights,Crossbar switch fabric architecture 8 slot c
3、ard cage (7 for interfaces) Components: Switch Fabric Cards (SFC) Clock and Scheduler Cards (CSC) Route Processor (RP) Line Cards (LCs),Cisco 12008 Product Highlights,Cisco 12012 Product Highlights,Crossbar switch fabric architecture 12 slot card cage (11 for interfaces) Components: Switch Fabric Ca
4、rds (SFC) Clock and Scheduler Cards (CSC) Route Processor (RP) Line Cards (LCs)Alarm card,Cisco 12012 Product Highlights,Cisco 12016 Product Highlights,Switching performance 16 Slot System, 2.5Gbps switching capacity/slot can support 10Gb LCs if fabric is upgraded Increased number of linecards Confi
5、guration 2 Interface Shelves 16 slots 1 Fabric Shelf, with 5 slots 2 Alarm cards 1 top shelf, 1 bottom shelf,Cisco 12016 Product Highlights,Cisco 12416 Product Highlights,Switching performance 16 Slot System each with 10Gbps switching capacity/slot Supports 10G linecards Support for existing GSR lin
6、e cards Slots are wider to accommodate 10Gb LCs Configuration 2 interface shelves 16 slots 1 fabric shelf, with 5 slots 2 Alarm cards 1 top shelf, 1 bottom shelf,Cisco 12416 Product Highlights,Cisco 12816 Product Highlights,Switching performance 16 Slot System each with 40Gbps switching capacity/slo
7、t Supports 10G linecards Support for existing GSR line cards Slots are wider to accommodate 10Gb LCs Configuration 2 interface shelves 16 slots 1 fabric shelf, with 5 slots 2 Alarm cards 1 top shelf, 1 bottom shelf,Cisco 12816 Product Highlights,Cisco 12X16 Product,GSR 12X16有18个插槽（交换背板的上下各8个）， line
8、card可以插在出以下位置的任何插槽中 1.上半部分最左边的槽位（预留给第一块alarm card ） 2.上半部分最右边的槽位（预留给主RP） 3.下半部分最右边的槽位（预留给第二块alarm card） 下半部分最左边的槽位为是备用RP的槽位，但是当该槽位没有插入 RP的时候，可以插入其他line card。,Cisco 12X16 Product,GSR12016和GSR12416的区别：12016和12416的机箱是一样的。它们的区别在于CSC卡（Clock and Scheduler Card）和SFC卡（Switch Fabric Card）。12016使用GSR16/80-CSC
9、，GSR16/80-SFC；12416使用GSR16/320-CSC，GSR16/320-SFC。在使用了新的交换矩阵卡（SFC）后，12416可以支持每个槽位10Gbps的带宽，12016可以支持每个槽位2.5Gbps的带宽。 如果想把12016升级到12416，只需要将GSR16/80-CSC, GSR16/80-SFC升级为GSR16/320-CSC, GSR16/320-SFC。Cisco 12800: Line cards that support 2.5-, 10-, or 20-Gbps capabilityCisco 12400: Line cards that support
10、 2.5- or 10-Gbps capabilityCisco 12000: Line cards that support 2.5-Gbps capability,12K System Components,Route Processor Switching fabric Line cards Power Environmental Subsystems Maintenance Bus,GSR Architecture - Components,Route Processor,Boots and manages line cards Provides and coordinates(协调)
11、 routing services Builds, distributes, and maintains FIB Adjacency table, FIB table, MPLS label table Provides out-of-band console aux ports Provides intelligence behind system monitoring and access,RP System Monitor/Controller,Route Processor,路由引擎提供下列主要功能： 1、处理内部网关协议(IGP)， 如中间系统到中间系统(IS-IS)、开放最短路径优
12、先(OSPF)以确定网络拓扑。 2、处理外部网关协议(EGP)，如边界网关协议(BGP)。 3、创建并维护路由选择表(多达几百万个路由条目) 4、分配和更新LC 上的快速转发(CEF)表，保存每个LC 板卡的CEF表项copy，以支持LC板卡的快速初始化。 5、提供一般性维护功能，如诊断、控制台支持和LC 监控 6、通过简单网络管理协议(SNMP)、管理信息库(MIB)、Telnet、BOOTP 和普通文件传输协议(TFTP)处理带内管理。,Route Processor,路由引擎分两种：GRP和PRP，其中PRP又分为PRP-1和PRP-2。 路由引擎不提供用户数据的转发，只有Route m
13、emory，没有Packet Memory 。 路由引擎上存有所有LC板卡的CEF转发信息，但是CEF转发的实现是由LC进行。,Route Processor-GRP引擎,GRP 是一种能够为Cisco 12000 GSR 系列提供路由选择智能的高性能引擎，它专用于确定网络拓扑和在网络中计算最佳路径。GRP 具有下列硬件特征： 1、200MHz R5000 CPU 2、可选的256MB CPU DRAM(缺省为128MB) 3、512KB 第2 层闪存 ;512KB 非易失性RAM(NVRAM) ;8MB 引导闪存 4、两个PC Card TypeII 软件升级 5、支持网络管理接入的以太网(
14、RJ-45 和MII 连接器) 6、本地控制台和调制解调器端口(DB-25/EIA/TIA-232c),Route Processor-GRP引擎,Route Processor-GRP引擎,Route Processor-GRP引擎,Route Processor-PRP引擎,PRP-1 是增强型引擎第一代，用途和GRP 一样。具有下列硬件特征： 1、667 MHz PowerPC processor CPU 2、可选的2G Route Memory (缺省为512MB) 3、64 MB 引导闪存 4、2M 配置非易失性RAM(NVRAM) 5、64 MB Advanced Technolo
15、gy Attachment (ATA) PC Card (included), up to 1 GB ATA PC Card for each of two available slots 6、支持网络管理接入的2 个以太网接口(RJ-45 连接器) 7、本地控制台和辅助端口(RJ-45 连接器),Route Processor-PRP引擎,PRP-2 是增强型引擎第二代，用途和GRP 一样。具有下列硬件特征： 1、1.3 GHz PowerPC processor CPU 2、可选的4G Route Memory (缺省为1G) 3、64 MB 引导闪存 4、2M 配置非易失性RAM(NVR
16、AM) 5、64 MB Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) PC Card (included), up to 1 GB ATA PC Card for each of two available slots 6、支持网络管理接入的2 个10/100M 以太网接口(RJ-45 连接器) 7、1 个10/100/1000M 以太接口(RJ-45 连接器) 8、本地控制台和辅助端口(RJ-45 连接器) 9、2 个BITS 时钟输入接口（RJ-48 连接器）,Route Processor-PRP引擎,Route Processor,FIB distribut
17、ion is done through reliable IPC updates. When the routing protocol triggers an update, it is placed into the FIB of the GRP then sent to the Line Cards. Updates are unicast across the fabric to all Line Cards.,MBUS,维护总线（MBUS）是一个1Mbps 速率的冗余控制器区域网络（CAN）串行总线，用来连接路由处理器（RP）、线卡（LCs）、交换矩阵卡（SFCs）、电源、风扇。,MB
18、US,每块线卡都有一个MBUS 模块，提供到主控RP 的接口。,MBUS Functions,Power and boot LC Device Discovery GRP arbitration OIR management Environmental monitoring Diagnostics download LC console access Via “attach” command Logging,Alarm Cards,LED dislay for fabric card status External alarm connection Power conversion/suppl
19、y for 5v MBUS power plane On the 12008, this functionality is on the CSC.,Alarm Cards,Cisco GSR 12016需要两块Alarm card，分别插在上半部分左边和下半部分右边的两条专用槽位中。 Alarm card的槽位和普通的槽位不相同，它比普通的槽位要窄一些，而且和背板的接口也不同。 Alarm card具有以下功能： 1.通过MBus对系统进行检测，并对检测到的故障提供三种级别的（轻微、严重、紧急）可视告警。 2.为系统提供一个扩展的增强报警系统。 3.给Alarm card、CSC、SFC提供一
20、个可视的运行状态显示。 由于两块Alarm card是可以做冗余的，所以当系统发生某个故障的时候，两块Alarm card上相应的告警灯会同时亮起。,Switch Fabric,Provides the data path connecting the LCs and the GRP Active CSC card provides the master clock for the system Everything traverses fabric in Cisco cell. - Data is 8B/10B encoded Two components - Clock & Schedul
21、er Cards (CSC) - Switch Fabric Cards (SFC),Packet,RP,CPU,I/f,i/p,o/p,LC,Switch Fabric,ToFab Side of Line Cards (fabric input),FromFab Side of Line Cards (Fabric output),During each cell period, each line card can send only one cell and receive only one cell Only one crosspoint closed for each input
22、and output,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7,Switch Fabric,Switch Fabric Cisco Cell Format,CRC (8 Bytes),CiscoCell Header (4 bytes),Payload Header (4 bytes),Payload (48 bytes),Switch Fabric-CSC&SFC,Clock and Scheduler Card Switch Fabric Card SFC为12000路由器的路由处理器和接口模块之间提供交换矩阵，CSC为在矩阵上交换的Cisco信元提供时钟校对、数据交
23、互调度和一个数据传输通道。 在12008，12012，和12016上，必须配置至少一块CSC卡路由器才能正常工作。当仅插一块CSC而不插SFC时，由CSC卡完成SFC卡的功能，这时我们称之为quarter bandwidth，并且这时路由器只支持Engine 0的接口卡（line card）。 如果路由器上有Engine 0以外的其它接口卡，必须插一块CSC和至少三块SFC卡，我们称之为full bandwidth！如果需要冗余备份，可以再插一块CSC卡，它既备份CSC卡，也备份SFC卡。只有当一块CSC卡或者SFC卡失败后，冗余的CSC卡才会工作。,Control and Fabric (C
24、SC),Control and Fabric (CSC),Control and Fabric (CSC),Fabric (SFC),Fabric (SFC),Fabric (SFC),Control and Fabric (CSC),Redundant Quarter Fabric BW,Redundant Full Fabric BW,Switch Fabric- Redundant,4 x (2 x 622) Mbps = 4 x 1.25 Gbps,Control and Fabric (CSC),Line Card,Line Card (or RP),Fabric (SFC),Fab
25、ric (SFC),Fabric (SFC),Line Card (or RP),Line Card,Control and Fabric (CSC),OC-48/STM-16 Fabric,Switch Fabric- Redundant,Fabric Configuration for Supporting OC-48 1 CSC OC-12 rate nonredundant 2 CSC OC-12 rate redundant 1 CSC + 3 SFC OC-48 rate nonredundant 2 CSC + 2 SFC OC-48 rate nonredundant 2 CS
26、C + 3 SFC OC-48 rate redundant,Switch Fabric- Redundant,4 x (2 x 2.5) Gbps,Control and Fabric (CSC),Line Card (or RP),Line Card (or RP),OC-192/STM-64 Fabric,Fabric (SFC),Fabric (SFC),Fabric (SFC),Control and Fabric (CSC),Line Card,Line Card,Switch Fabric- Redundant,Fabric Configuration for Supportin
27、g OC-192/STM-641 CSC + 3 SFC OC-192/STM-64 rate nonredundant 2 CSC + 2 SFC OC-192/STM-64 rate nonredundant 2 CSC + 3 SFC OC-192/STM-64 rate redundant,Switch Fabric- Redundant,Perform all packet switching Statistics collection and reporting Run IOS Six different forwarding architectures,Cisco 12000 S
28、eries Line Cards,Cisco 12000 Series Line Cards,Channelized POS,Fast and Gigabit Ethernet (FE/GE),Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM),Packet over SONET (POS),Dynamic Packet Transport (DPT),Copper DS3,Line Card,Cisco 12000 Series Line Cards,Engine 0 440Kpps,Engine 1 720Kpps,Engine 2 4Mpps,1 x OC-48c/STM1
29、6c POS 4 x OC-12c/STM-4 POS 16 x OC-3c/STM-1 POS 8 x OC-3c/STM-1 POS 1 x OC-48c/STM-16 DPT 3xGigabit Ethernet 4 x OC-12c/STM-4 ATM,OC-12c/STM-4 DPT 1 x Gigabit Ethernet 8 x Fast Ethernet,1 x OC-12c/STM-4 POS 4 x OC-3c/STM-1 POS ChOC-12-DS3 (12) ChSTM4-STM-1 (4) 1 x OC-12c/STM-4 ATM 4 x OC-3c/STM-1 A
30、TM 6 & 12 Port DS3 6 & 12 Port E3 6 Port CT3-DS1,Engine 4+ 25Mpps,4 x OC48/STM-16 POS 4 OC-192c/STM64 POS 4 SIP401 4Spa 10G 5 SIP501 4Spa 10G 5 SIP600 2Spa 10G 5 SIP601 4Spa 10G 5 1SPA 10G 8 x OC48/STM-16 POS 6,Engine 3 4Mpps,STM-1/0C3 CHE1-T1,1 x ISE OC-48c/STM-16 4 Port ISE Gigabit Ethernet SIP 40
31、0 4Spas 10G 1SPA 2.5G,Cisco 12000 Series Line Cards,SIP板卡各个设备不通用 SPA板卡CRS-1 GSR12000 Cisco76&65 Cisco 7300通用,Cisco 12000 Series Line Cards,Line Card Concepts,Line Card reference Architecture,Forwarding Architecture,Precomputed FIB, reflects RIB Topology driven No process switching involved,Cisco Exp
32、ress Forwarding,Packet,Frame,Frame,Packet,CEF Tables,Cisco Express Forwarding,Routing Table,ARP/Map Table,FIB Table,Adjacency Table,CEF Tables,Cisco Express Forwarding,CEF on the Cisco 12000,IP routing table,Inter-process communication,Gigabit Route Processor,Cisco 12000 line card,Cisco 12000 line c
33、ard,CEF tables,CEF table,Line card forwarding engine,CEF tables,12000routing engine,Line card forwarding engine,Inter-process Communication over switch fabric,GRP,FIB,ADJ,CEF Process,FIB,ADJ,CEF Process,FIB,ADJ,CEF Process,FIB,ADJ,Crossbar switch fabric,Line Cards,CEF Process,RIB,ARP,CEF on the Cisc
34、o 12000,CEF show Commands,show ip cef summary detail show ip cef interface detail show adjacency interface detail show cef linecard interface show cef drop,Sample show ip cef Command,GSR#show ip cef Prefix Next Hop Interface 0.0.0.0/32 receive 16.2.0.0/32 receive 16.2.0.1/32 16.2.0.1 Ethernet0/0 16.
35、2.0.2/32 16.2.0.2 Ethernet0/0 16.2.0.3/32 16.2.0.3 Ethernet0/0 16.2.146.72/32 16.2.146.72 Ethernet0/0 16.2.146.92/32 16.2.146.92 Ethernet0/0 16.2.146.97/32 receive 16.2.255.255/32 receive 65.0.0.0/8 attached Ethernet0/1 65.0.0.0/32 receive 65.0.0.1/32 receive 65.0.0.2/32 65.0.0.2 Ethernet0/1 65.255.
36、255.255/32 receive 199.0.0.0/8 65.0.0.2 Ethernet0/1,GSR#show ip cef e0/1 Prefix Next Hop Interface 65.0.0.0/8 attached Ethernet0/1 65.0.0.2/32 65.0.0.2 Ethernet0/1,CEF Forwarding,CEF Forwarding,PRP/GRP 通过路由信息表RIB，计算出转发信息表FIB。LC卡通过与PRP/GRP交互信息，下载该FIB表，并负责转发数据包。也就是PRP/GRP负责计算转发表，LC卡负责实际转发，除非LC的CPU无法处理
37、才会转交PRP/GRP的CPU处理。,Cisco 12000 Series Boot Sequence,GRP + CSC Power-on,Switch Fabric Initialized,LC image Download over Fabric,Chassis Power-on,Router UP,Mbus Modules Power-on,GRP instructs Mbus Module on SFC and LCs to power them up,Cisco 12000 Series Boot Sequence,Initial Power On GRP Boot Process
38、 Clock Scheduler Boot Process Line Card Boot Process Switch Fabric Boot Process Fabric Initialization IOS Download,Basic Cisco IOS Commands,show gsr show led show diag show controllers show version show context attach execute-on,Sample show gsr Command,GSR#show gsr Slot 0 type = Route Processorstate
39、 = IOS Running PRIMARY Slot 1 type = 4 Port Packet Over SONET OC-3c/STM-1state = Line Card Enabled Slot 3 type = 1 Port E.D. Packet Over SONET OC-48c/STM-16state = Line Card Enabled Slot 6 type = 1 Port Packet Over SONET OC-48c/STM-16state = Line Card Enabled Slot 7 type = Route Processorstate = IOS
40、 Running SECONDARY Slot 16 type = Clock Scheduler Card(8)state = Card Powered Slot 17 type = Clock Scheduler Card(8)state = Card Powered PRIMARY CLOCK Slot 18 type = Switch Fabric Card(8)state = Card Powered Slot 19 type = Switch Fabric Card(8)state = Card Powered Slot 20 type = Switch Fabric Card(8
41、)state = Card Powered Slot 24 type = AC Power Supply(8)state = Card Powered,Chassis Slot Assignments,GRP/LCs,12008,12012,12016/ 12416,CSC,SFC,PSU,Fan/Blower,Alarm cards,07,011,015,16, 17,16, 17,16, 17,1820,1820,1820,24, 26,2427,27,Bus board,N/A,N/A,28, 29,28, 29,27,Built into CSC,Un- numbered,24, 25
42、,Comments,GRP recommend to install in Slot 7 and 8,CSC in slot 17 is default primary,12016 PSUs connected to slot 27 via Bus board,12016 PSU interface,Un- numbered,12410,12406,0-5,0-9,16, 17,16, 17,1822,1820,24, 25,24, 25,29,29,Sample show redundancy Command,GSRshow redundancy Primary GRP in slot 0:
43、 Secondary GRP in slot 7: Preferred GRP: none Auto synch: startup-config Failover timer 8 seconds default NOTICE Unequal GRP memory sizes: 128M in slot 7, 256M in slot 0,GSRshow redundancy Primary GRP in slot 0: Secondary GRP in slot 7: Preferred GRP: none Auto synch: startup-config Failover timer 8
44、 seconds default,Sample show bootvar Command,GSR#show bootvar BOOT variable = CONFIG_FILE variable = BOOTLDR variable = Configuration register is 0x2102 CHASSIS_SN variable = 63903208 CONFGEN variable = 995Secondary is in slot 7 Secondary BOOT variable = Secondary CONFIG_FILE variable = Secondary BO
45、OTLDR variable = Secondary configuration register is 0x2102 Secondary CHASSIS_SN variable = 63903208 Secondary CONFGEN variable = 995,Sample show led and show context Commands,GSR#show led SLOT 0 : RP PRI SLOT 1 : RUN IOS SLOT 2 : RUN IOS SLOT 3 : RUN IOS SLOT 4 : RUN IOS SLOT 6 : RUN IOS SLOT 7 : R
46、P SEC,GSR#show context summary CRASH INFO SUMMARYSlot 0 : 0 crashesSlot 1 : 0 crashesSlot 2 : 0 crashesSlot 3 : 0 crashesSlot 4 : 0 crashesSlot 5 : 0 crashesSlot 6 : 0 crashesSlot 7 : 0 crashes,Sample show log Command,gsr# show log summary+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ SLOT | EMERG | ALERT | CRIT | ERROR |WARNING| NOTICE| INFO | DEBUG | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0 | | | | 1 | | 5 | | | | 1 | | | | 1 | | 7 | | | | 2 | | | | | | | | | | 3 | | | | | | | | | | 4 | | | | 1 | | 3 | | | | 5 | | | | | | | | | | 6 | | | | | | | | | | 7 | | | | | | | | | | 8 | | | | | | | | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+,
