1、考研翻译, 夏伟,考研英语目标,70,5,32,4,5,24,考研英语目标艺体,60,4,28,4,4,20,考研翻译的现状,考研英语是中国大陆组织的最难的英语考试 考研翻译是考研英语中最难一部分大多数非英语专业的学生，未接受翻译训练,从90年到0年，考研英译汉全国平均3.5分！,考研翻译2003 Q65,Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,“ like the concept of “set“ in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amou
2、nts of concrete research and understanding.,考研英语翻译总论,提升实力课下把握考试课上,考研翻译课下需要做的,基础词汇：考纲5500要求 7000-8000词汇拓展：Time；TOFEL / IELTS 语法句子：简单插入平行非谓尾重 复合代词特殊（虚拟，倒装，省略） 文化常识：经济学；心理学；哲学,考研大纲对于词汇的要求,考生应能掌握5 500左右的词汇以及相关词组（详见附录）。除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知
3、识，如词源、词根、词缀等。此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。,1997 P5,Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be fur
4、ther from the truth.,考研翻译课下文化常识,文章体裁：议论文(80%)、说明文(20%)、记叙文(0%)、应用文(0%) 文章来源：“Economist” ; “Time” ; “Newsweek” ; “U.S. News Scientific American) 内容范围：社会科学：经济学、教育学、心理学、传播学自然科学：纯自然科学、边缘学科人文科学：文学评论、文艺史、哲学 书目推荐 ：经济学原理格里高力曼昆 心理学与生活理查德格里格西方哲学史 勃兰特罗素,考研翻译2003 Q65,Thus, the anthropological concept of “cultur
5、e,“ like the concept of “set“ in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.,补充练习1 2006 Q46,(What is an intellectual?) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thi
6、nking in Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.,后置定语：定语从句非谓语,1999 P1,Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers misfortunes.,2012 英语二 翻译,When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerne
7、d at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world.,Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. （1997，P2）Technically, any substance other than food that alter
8、s our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. （1997 P3）,International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. （2001 P4）Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geolo
9、gists as hot spots. （1998 P5）,How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Sth. depends upon sth. and on sth.,1995 Q72,（How well the predicti
10、ons will be validated by later performance ）depends upon （the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used ）and on （the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted）.,1995 Q72,2003 Q62,Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their en
11、deavors in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.,21,找到主干：Social science （主语） is that branch of intellectual enquiry （系表结构）,22,按照汉语句法结构（与英语一样），将上句译为： 社会科学是那个智力询问的分支。 社会科学是那个知识探索/研究的分支。 社会科学是知识探索/研究（领域/方面）的分支。,23,第二
12、步：按照汉语的“定语总在名词前”或“单独译成句” 的句法要求，把which seeks to study humans and their endeavors定语译出，放在中心词intellectual enquiry之后，得出：它寻找研究人类和他们的努力它试图研究人类和他们的努力它试图研究人类和他们的行为/活动,24,第三步：方式状语“in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner”修饰谓语动词study,所以根据汉语思维“谓前为状谓后补 ”的顺序，可把“ inmanner”方式状语放在谓语study 前译出：它
13、试图在理性的、有序的、系统的、冷静的方式下研究人类和他们的行为/活动,25,第四步：按照汉语的“定语总在名词前”或“单独译成句” 的句法要求，把that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena定语译出：“自然科学家用这种方式研究自然现象” 放在中心词manner之前/之后，得出：,26,它试图像自然科学家研究自然现象一样，用理性的、有序的、系统的、冷静的方式研究人类和他们的行为/活动。它试图在理性的、有序的、系统的、冷静的方式下研究人类和他们的行为/活动，而自然科学家就是用这种方式研究自然现象。,27,译文,社会科学是
14、知识探索/研究（领域/方面）的分支。它试图像自然科学家研究自然现象一样，用理性的、有序的、系统的、冷静的方式研究人类和他们的行为/活动。 社会科学是知识探索/研究（领域/方面）的分支。它试图在理性的、有序的、系统的、冷静的方式下研究人类和他们的行为/活动，而自然科学家就是用这种方式研究自然现象。,2005 Q47,In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, maga
15、zines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.,总结：定语从句的翻译,1. 前置法 2. 拆分法,Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.,第一种方法： 前置法,如果定语从句结构简单,信息负载量不大,翻译的时候前置。,定语从句前置法则,
16、Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.,第二种方法 拆分法,There will be television chat shows hosted by robo
17、ts, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.there be 句型的翻译方法： 1、增加人们、大家、我们等汉语的泛指主语 there is an agreement 2、翻译为汉语的无主句，直接说“有”，“出现”，“存在”,如果定语从句结构复杂,信息负载量大,翻译的时候拆分独立成句后置这时常常需要重复先行词或用代词重复非限定语从句必须拆分,定语从句拆分法则,35,综合练习：05年Q49,Creating a “European identity” that respects the d
18、ifferent cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.,36,分清主干： Creating a “European identity” （主语） is no easy task and （系表结构）and （并列） demands a strategic choice（谓宾结构）,37,按照汉语句法结构（与英语一样），将上句译为： 创造一个 “欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需
19、要战略性的选择。评论：上述句子，英、汉语句法结构完全相同（同序），很容易掌握。,38,按照汉语的“定语总在名词前”的句法要求，把that respects the different cultures and traditions定语译出，放在中心词“European identity”之前，得出：创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。,“which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent” 是嵌套定语从句，修饰“the different cultures and traditions”构成
20、了连接欧洲大陆的纽带的这些不同文化和传统,40,创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。 构成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带的这些不同文化和传统 得到： 创造一个尊重构成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带的这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。,由于which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent是嵌套定语从句，中心词前的定语太复杂拗口，因此翻译时采用“定从若嵌套，择后者拆分”的办法：创造一个尊重构成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带的这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。不同的文化和传统构
21、成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带，创造一个尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。正是/就是/而这些文化和传统组成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带。,常常可以直接翻译，但有时候还可以放到整个句子最前面去翻译,总结：插入结构,Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of co
22、ncrete research and understanding.,插入结构直接翻译,The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.,放到直接修饰的词前,英语中状语和状语从句常常可以直翻译 但有时候需要把时间，条件，让步，目的和原因状语从句翻译在主句之前， 状语的最佳位置应该是在汉语中主语之后动词之前
23、 分词做状语需添加逻辑主语,总结：状语和状语从句：,Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.,In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively
24、 when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.,Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.,英语中状语和状语从句常常可以直翻译 但有时候需要把时间，条件，让步，目的和原因状语从句翻译在主句之前， 状语的最佳位置应该是在汉
25、语中主语之后动词之前 分词做状语需添加逻辑主语,总结：状语和状语从句：,综合练习-2012英语二,（The “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. ）They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever
26、 new products for their factories to make.,总结：代词,代词翻译，首先要理解其明确指代对象，如果在中文中没有歧义直接翻译 如果中文中直翻理解有歧义，则使用名词重复的方法翻译 万不得已，可以用“这种情况”、“这种说法”、“这种观点”等来翻译,总结：被动结构,化被动为主动 保留被动,53,It is said that 据说It is believed that 据认为It is reported that 据报道It is estimated that 据估计It must be pointed out that 必须指出It must be admit
27、ted that 必须承认It has been found that 实践证明It is suggested that 有人建议It is agreed that 人们同意,54,It is imagined that人们认为 It can not be denied that不可否认 It will be seen from this that由此可知 It should be realized that必须认识到 It is（always）stressed that人们（总是）强调 It is（generally）considered that大家（普遍）认为 It may be sai
28、d without fear of exaggeration that可以毫不夸张地说,句子过于抽象1997 Q72,Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.,综合练习 2008 Q48,On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while
29、 he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.,57,综合练习：2005 Q46,Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.,58,Television is one of t
30、he means （主系表结构） and perhaps never before has it served so much （主谓宾结构）,59,第二步：把by which these feelings are created and conveyed定语译出，放在中心词“the means ”之前，得出：“电视是制造和传递这种情感的手段之一”to connect different peoples and nations是不定式表示目的，是serve的具体内容，按汉语的习惯“在方面起作用”所以可移到前面；“so.as”是一个比较级结构，比较复杂，以单独拿出来译。,60,电视是制造和传递这
31、种情感的手段之一，也许在此之前，在联系不同民族和国家上，电视从来没有像在欧洲最近的事件中那样起过如此重大的作用。电视是引发和传递这种情感的手段之一;在联系不同民族和国家方面，电视从来没有像在欧洲最近的事件中那样起过如此重大的作用。,61,综合练习 2004 Q61,The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse la
32、nguages could be.,62,The Greeks （主语） assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought （主谓宾结构）,63,第二步: 非限定性定语从句，独立成句，重复先行词的规则，把which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. 译出，放主句之后。 which took root in Europe 这种观点扎根在欧洲。这种观点
33、在欧洲生了根。（谓前为状）,64, long before people realized how diverse languages could be 早在人们认识到语言可能有多么不同之前 早在人们认识到语言的多样性之前,65, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be 这种观点早在人们认识到语言的多样性之前就已经在欧洲生了根。,66,译文： 希腊人认为语言结构与思维过程存在某种联系。这种观点早在人们认识到语言的多样性之前就已经在欧洲生了根。,大纲要求 英语一,“主
34、要考察考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇400字的文章，并将5个划线部分（约150单词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。”,大纲要求 英语二,考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。要求译文准确、完整、通顺。要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或及格英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。考生在答题卡2上作答。共15分。,大纲解析,准确 大意相同完整 要成句通顺 说人话,71,2，翻译有误是不是得零分？,翻译步骤:,分析句法结构动词-连词-主句-从句（准确） 2. 先主后从，调整顺序（通顺） 3. 猜词成句，中文检查（完整）,考研翻译要点,定语从句 短语做定语：非谓/介词短语/形容词 被动结构 插入语 状语及状语从句,考研英语二目标,70,5,32,4,8,21,资料：密码：a23539a23539Life is not a problem to be solved, but a reality to be experienced.-Kierkegaard,Thank You!,
