1、二、 原发性脊柱肿瘤的外科治疗 党耕町,A、骨外软组织区 B、骨膜内（浅层） C、骨膜内（深层） D、椎管内（硬膜外） E、椎管内（硬膜内） F、侵犯脊柱动脉,Primary Bone Tumors of the Spine: Terminology and Surgical Staging.Spine. 22(9):1036-1044, May 1, 1997.,A-C：良性肿瘤 A：1期，静止期（inactive） B：2期，形成薄的囊壁（1）和假包膜（2） C：3期，囊壁薄而不连续（1）和周围明显炎性反应（2） D-G：恶性肿瘤 D：IA期，囊壁很薄（1）、假包膜宽大（2）且含有岛状肿瘤
2、 E：IB期，囊壁很薄（1）、假包膜宽大（2）且含有岛状肿瘤，瘤体向外生长 F：IIA期，假包膜被瘤体穿透（2，3），岛状瘤体远离瘤体（4） G：IIB期，瘤体向椎体外生长，假包膜被瘤体穿透（2，3），岛状瘤体远离瘤体（4）,脊柱肿瘤WBB分期,外科治疗方式, Lippincott-Raven Publishers. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.,5,Figure,Primary Bone Tumors of the Spine: Terminology and Surgical Staging. Boriani, Stefa
3、no; Weinstein, James; Biagini, RobertoSpine. 22(9):1036-1044, May 1, 1997.,Figure 4. A, Indication for vertebrectomy. The en bloc excision of a tumor occurring in the vertebral body can be performed with an oncologically appropriate margin if at least one pedicle is free from tumor. B, A posterior s
4、tage is performed to remove the posterior elements, cut the longitudinal ligament, and separate the anterior surface of the dura from the posterior wall. The anterior approach is mandatory for a careful respect of the margins if the tumor is growing outside the vertebra., Lippincott-Raven Publishers
5、. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.,6,Figure 5,Primary Bone Tumors of the Spine: Terminology and Surgical Staging. Boriani, Stefano; Weinstein, James; Biagini, RobertoSpine. 22(9):1036-1044, May 1, 1997.,Figure 5 . Metastatic osteosarcoma arising from the L4 vertebral body, occupying
6、the left pedicle and expanding into the psoas muscle. The patient had been treated with en bloc excision and neo-adjuvant therapy for proximal humerus osteosarcoma 6 months earlier. No biopsy had been performed on the vertebral tumor. A, Enneking staging: stage 11B (high-grade malignant, extracompar
7、tmental). WBB staging: zones 4 to 7, layers A to C. B, Radiographs of the specimen showing an en bloc resection including the psoas muscle. The histologic study confirmed that a “wide“ margin had been achieved. One year later there was further localization in the spine and in the lungs. The patient
8、died 2 years after spine surgery., Lippincott-Raven Publishers. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.,7,Figure,Primary Bone Tumors of the Spine: Terminology and Surgical Staging. Boriani, Stefano; Weinstein, James; Biagini, RobertoSpine. 22(9):1036-1044, May 1, 1997.,Figure 6. A, Indicati
9、on for sagittal resection. The en bloc excision of a tumor arising eccentrically in the body, the pedicle, or the transverse process, is performed when the tumor occupies the zones 2 to 5 (or 8 to 11). B, A posterior stage is needed to remove the posterior healthy elements. A combined posterior and
10、anterior approach is required to safely perform the en bloc excision., Lippincott-Raven Publishers. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.,8,Figure 7,Primary Bone Tumors of the Spine: Terminology and Surgical Staging. Boriani, Stefano; Weinstein, James; Biagini, RobertoSpine. 22(9):1036-10
11、44, May 1, 1997.,Figure 7 . Liposarcoma arising from the foramen of T7, eroding the transverse process, the pedicle, and the body, and expanding into the thorax, covered by the pleura. A, Preoperative planning indicated removal of the posterior healthy elements (dotted area) by cutting the ribs (arr
12、ow) and the body (arrow head) posterior to anterior after protecting the viscera and the vessels. B, Postoperative computed tomography scan showing the outcome of the procedure. A rib was fixed by screw to the superior and inferior vertebra. A posterior device was used for stabilization. There was n
13、o recurrence of the tumor 2 years later., Lippincott-Raven Publishers. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.,9,Figure 8,Primary Bone Tumors of the Spine: Terminology and Surgical Staging. Boriani, Stefano; Weinstein, James; Biagini, RobertoSpine. 22(9):1036-1044, May 1, 1997.,Figure 8 . A
14、, Indication for resection of the posterior arch. The en bloc excision of a tumor arising in the arch is performed when the tumor occupies the zones 10 to 3. The pedicles must be free from tumor to obtain an oncologically appropriate specimen. B, This procedure is performed by posterior approach., L
15、ippincott-Raven Publishers. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.,10,Figure 9,Primary Bone Tumors of the Spine: Terminology and Surgical Staging. Boriani, Stefano; Weinstein, James; Biagini, RobertoSpine. 22(9):1036-1044, May 1, 1997.,Figure 9 . Recurrent chondrosarcoma of T8. A, The tumo
16、r occupied the posterior arch without involving the pedicles. No biopsy was performed. B, The lesion was removed en bloc together with the scar of the previous excision (see Figure 8B); note the inner surface of the canal (arrow) and the cut pedicle (arrow head). There was no recurrence of the tumor 42 months later.,
