1、大学英语（一） 统考作文真题讲解,写作要求及内容,B级英语统考的写作部分要求写一篇不少于80个词的短文；要求句子语法正确，结构严谨，条理清楚，紧扣主题，体裁包括应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文。 写作试题均有题目，每段有汉语提示；内容日常化，广泛化，从日常生活到科普；体裁以说明文和议论文的较多，应用文体其次。,1. 常见应用文,1. 基本格式：Sep. 5, 2009 Dear Henry, Looking forward to your early reply Best wishes! Sincerely yours, Tom,2. 注意： 1）日期写在右上角，年份放在最后。 2）称呼应与左边
2、线对齐，后面的标点一定是用逗号。 3）结束语Yours sincerely, Sincerely yours, Yours faithfully, Faithfully yours, Yours truly, Truly yours，第一个字母要大写，结束语后要用逗号。,4） 署名一般低于结束语一两行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始。 5）如果写电子邮件，不必标注日期，但在前面所讲的基本格式以外还要加上以下内容：From: MTo: JSubject: Greetings / Invitation / Thanks ,2. 记叙文,1. 概述：记叙文通常要求描写一段经历、一件事或者描写个人情感、观感
3、等。记叙文包括6大要素：时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果。这种作文经常用的是时间顺序法，即按照事情发展的先后顺序进行讲述。,2. 注意： 1在记叙文开头应交代时间、地点、人物；事件和原因放在文章中叙述，结果要在文章结尾交代； 2在描写一件事情、经历或讲故事时，应注意细节的选择。如果细节太多读者会觉得乏味；细节太少读者会不知所云，所以要选择与主题有关的细节。 3. 可以用第一人称，也可用第三人称，但要注意通篇保持人称一致。,4注意叙述的时间着眼点。叙述过去的人和事要以过去时为基点；叙述现在的人和事要以现在时为基点。 5适当使用一些表示事件发生先后顺序的词语，使讲述更具条理性。如： first，
4、second，third，then，finally; 或in the morning / afternoon / evening，或last week / month，yesterday / today / tomorrow 等。,3. 说明文,1. 注意： 1抓住事物特点即本质特征，从而使读者获得全面、深刻的认识。 2安排说明顺序，说明文常用的结构安排有下列3种：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。 4说明文通常以一般现在时为基点，涉及到过去才用过去时态，提到将来才用将来时。 5说明文的语言要准确、简明。,6讲究说明方法。写好说明文，不仅要抓住特征，注意条理，而且要巧妙运用说明方法。如，下定义、举
5、例子、作比较、分类别、列数字、画图表、打比方等。可适当用一些词汇来表明句与句之间的逻辑关系。如，first, second, third 等表示分类，on the one handon the other hand，but 等表示对比和对照；for example / for instance 表示举例。,4. 议论文,1. 概述：议论文是针对某一观点阐述自己的看法，并且通过摆事实、讲道理等方法来说明自己看法的依据是什么。,2. 注意: 1）议论文要求态度鲜明，论点明确，不要空洞或泛泛而谈。 2）论据要言而有物、充分有力。 3）论证要严密，采用的方法有因果法、举例法、比较法等。,4）议论文的篇
6、章组成：一般是由 introduction/ body / conclusion三段构成一篇文章。即于第1段引出话题，从而提出主题；中间用1到2段篇幅采用举例、列举或比较等方式论证说明自己的观点；于结论处重述主题、或归纳总结照应首段，或提出问题的解决方式等。,议论文基本结构模式,第1段：introduction with theme引言，提出中心论点或话题 第2段：采用举例、列举或比较的方式论证topic sentence 1（主要扩展句1）supporting detail 1（次要扩展句1）supporting detail 2（次要扩展句2）,第3段：论证或说明自己的观点topic se
7、ntence 2（主要扩展句2）supporting detail 1（次要扩展句1supporting detail 2（次要扩展句2） 第4段：Conclusion Sentences （结尾句）重述主题、或归纳总结照应首段，或提出问题的解决方式,议论文和说明文常用之万能短语,1. 列举：firstly; secondly; last but not least 2. 从两方面谈论：on the one hand, ; on the other hand, 3. 举例说：For example, 4. 一般来说：generally speaking, ,5. 也就是说：in other w
8、ords, 6. 进一步说：furthermore， 7. 然而：however, 8. 总之：in conclusion，,以下作文类型需本学期掌握： 学习篇 爱好篇 人物篇 生活篇 计划篇,（一）学习篇,1. How to Overcome Difficulties in My English Studies 2. Why I Like Learning English 3. Self-study 4. My Study Plan,（二）爱好篇,1. My Favorite TV program 2. My Favorite Food 3. The Job I Like/My Ideal
9、Job 4. The season I like best 5. My Favorite Sport 6. My Favorite Hobby 7. My Hobbies,（三）人物篇,1. My Family 2. My Classmates 3. My Best Friend 4. My Teacher / My Favorite Teacher 5. The Person I Feel Most Grateful to,（四）生活篇,1. My Hometown 2. My Job 3. A Day to Remember,（五）计划篇,1. My Plan for the Nation
10、al Day Holiday 2. My Plan for the Spring Festival,写作提示： 1. 从单句写作开始练习，逐渐过渡至作文。 2. 认真研究标题，确定体裁及内容。 3. 结合常见相关文体的常见作文思路完成初稿。 4. 修改定稿。,（一）学习篇例文,Title: Why I Like Studying English?,Nowadays, studying English gains popularity in China. I am also one of the fans of English. I like learning English for the f
11、ollowing reasons.,To begin with, English has become an international language. If I can speak English fluently, then I can go almost anywhere around the world without any communication problems.,Secondly, I can get information and knowledge directly from English books, movies and internet. Last but
12、not least, English sounds musical to my ears. I love to hear it and speak it. So I like learning English.,（二）爱好篇例文,Title:My Favorite Sport,My favorite sport is swimming. There are a few reasons for this. First, swimming can keep me slender and fit. Second, swimming can enrich my life. I usually go t
13、o the swimming pool with my good friends. We always have a good time together.,Last but not least, when I feel upset, swimming is a good way to cheer me up. When I go swimming, I make a goal, either to swim faster or to learn a new swimming style. I always tell myself I can do it. After many years,
14、swimming has become an important part of my life. And I really enjoy it.,Title:The season I like best 提示： 我最喜欢的季节；喜爱的原因（一般包括气候特点、事物、活动等）,Among the four seasons, I like winter best. When it snows, everything turns into silver and bright. Trees and houses are all covered with thick snow. The world bec
15、omes a wonderland to me. And how beautiful it looks!,After a snowfall, my friends and I usually make snowmen and throw snowballs at each other, which give us much pleasure. Although snowing days become rare, Im still longing for the winter to come, just in hope of a beautiful snowfall. Besides, wint
16、er gives me a feeling that spring will not be far behind.,Title:My Favorite TV program,I am a busy working person. When I go home everyday after work, I enjoy watching TV very much. It is a good way to relax. And my favorite TV program is news.,Through the news, I get to know what happens in our cou
17、ntry and in the world every day. I can also learn something interesting and know what we can and what we can not do.,Furthermore, I can acquire much knowledge about the world from watching news.I watch TV news almost at the same time everyday. I believe that many people like watching TV news, too.,T
18、itle:My Hobbies,I have quite a few hobbies. I like collecting stamps and playing cards with my friends. I also like doing physical exercises in the fresh air, such as roller-skating and swimming.,In addition, I am interested in drawing pictures, listening to music and singing songs. At present, Im l
19、earning how to play the guitar. Finally, I enjoy learning English because I like speaking with foreigners and I like watching Disney cartoons.,As you can see, my hobbies keep me busy and excited. Im always looking for new things to learn and to do.,（三）人物篇例文,Title:The Person I Feel Most Grateful to,T
20、he person I feel most grateful to is my mother. She is the one who gave me my life and she has taken care of me ever since my birth. No one loves me more than she does. She has done everything silently to make me happy.,She is such a traditional mother whose life revolves around her child and househ
21、old chores. She always works hard to support our family though she failed to have a good education when she was young. She loves me and her love is unconditional. Thats why I feel most grateful to her.,Title:My Teacher / My Favorite Teacher,My favorite teacher is Mr. Li. He is a strongly built, thir
22、ty-year-old man. He is often simply dressed. He has been teaching English since 2000 in this school. He devotes all his time and energy to his teaching career.,He is always capable of making his lessons lively and interesting, and all of us enjoy his lessons very much. He is very strict with us but
23、he shows us great concern. He offers us help whenever we need. He is not only a good teacher but also our close friend. We all respect and love him.,Title:My Classmates,I have many classmates. I would like to introduce some of them to you. Alice is a cute young lady. She is always ready to help othe
24、rs. Mary is forgetful. She always forgets to bring her textbooks to school. Ben is the most talkative boy in our class. He has a great sense of humor.,Linda is a quiet student. She is good at every subject but she never shows off. Allen is a tall boy. He plays basketball very well for the school tea
25、m. These students are lovely and interesting. I like them very much.,Title:My Family,There are five people in my family. They are my grandfather, grandmother, father, mother and I. My father is a businessman. He is busy working every day and travels to many different places in China. He always has s
26、omething nice for everybody in my family when he comes back home.,My mother is a housewife. She cooks meals, washes clothes, and does much housework every day. I am a part-time student. I am as busy as a bee with my school work. My grandparents have both retired and enjoy their life very much. In a
27、word, I have a happy family and I love it very much.,（四）生活篇例文,Title:My Hometown,My hometown is Shanghai. Shanghai is a very large city. According to recent statistics, there are about 17 million citizens in Shanghai.,Shanghai is a modern city. We can see lots of high buildings in downtown areas and
28、numerous cars on the streets. Shanghai is also a beautiful city. We can see many buildings of European styles, green trees and grass and all kinds of pretty flowers everywhere all year round. Though it is very hot in summer, I love my hometown very much.,Title:My Job,In my childhood, I always dreame
29、d to become a teacher, a doctor, or a scientist. But to tell you the truth, I am a businessman now. I like reading stories about some successful businessmen such as Bill Gates and Li Jiacheng. I believe I will become a man like them some day.,With the development of market economy in China, there ar
30、e many good chances in business. So I work very hard and I am always encouraged by my boss. Now I am studying business in a college of continuing education. Because I must get myself qualified for the job, and struggle for a better future.,Title: A Day to Remember,One hot summer day, my father and I
31、 went to the swimming pool. While my father was away, I slipped into the pool! The water kept coming towards me and I drank a lot. I tried very hard to keep my head above the water. I was so afraid and I shouted!,Just then, my father saw me and he was shocked. He cried, “Calm down, just wave your ar
32、ms and legs like that!“ And I got it! I finally learnt to swim. From this experience I learnt that ones power is unlimited. And one has to stay calm when in danger.,（五）计划篇例文,Title:My Plan for the Spring Festival,Spring Festival is coming soon. My plan for this holiday is as follows. First, I plan to
33、 have a good rest in the first two days. I can have a good sleep and dont have to worry about anything. Second, my parents and I will go to Hangzhou, a very famous southern city for a 2-day trip to see my grandparents.,Third, I will fly to Beijing to attend my classmates wedding ceremony. These are my plans for the Spring Festival. I am expecting the holiday and hope I will enjoy myself then.,the end,
