1、大学英语四级考试,Vocabulary 词汇,大学英语教学大纲 大学英语四级考试词汇要求：,词汇量达到4,000个，其中2,300个复用式掌握； 掌握一定量的常用词组； 具有按照基本构词法识别生字的能力。,词汇量要求对比图：,英语构词法：,conventioneer convenerintervention intervene conventionconveneavenue ven revenue prevent revenuer circumvent eventprevention eventful circumventerpreventive circumvention,常见的词根、前缀和
2、后缀,大学英语四级考试词汇的分布：,在大学英语四、六级考试中，词汇分布在Part III Vocabulary and Structure(词汇和语法结构)部分，共30道题，采用多项选择的形式。,大学英语四级考试词类分布图：,以上词类分布图表明：,大学英语词汇测试的范围限于实义词，即动词（包括词组）、形容词、副词和名词，而虚义词如介词、冠词、连词等则属于语法结构范畴。 大学英语词汇测试的重点为动词和短语动词。在大学英语四级考试试卷中，动词和短语动词通常为5 - 6题，占42% - 50%。,大学英语四级考试词汇测试内容有四种设计模式：,同义词、近义词题型； 形似词题型； 短语动词和动词词组题型
3、； 介词及其搭配题型。,同义词、近义词题型,同义词、近义词是指词性和词义相同或相近的词。英语中绝对同义的词是极少见的。同义词通常都具有极其细微的语义上的差别，或虽然含义相近而用法却大不相同。常见的辨析同义词的方法有四种：A) 从词义辨析；B) 从词性辨析；C) 根据习惯搭配辨析；D) 从句型结构辨析。,A) 从词义辨析,1. In his speech the Minister of Industry said that industrial exports went up for five _ years. a) successful b) successive c) continual d
4、) continuous 2. The _ cause of his absence was a bad cold.a) evident b) obvious c) clear d) apparent 3. Deep freezing is the simplest way of _ food.a) saving b) preserving c) retaining d) reserving,4. Faced with that dilemma, he was _.a) perplexed b) puzzled c) confused d) bewildered 5. He _ his chi
5、lds arm to stop him from running across the street.a) grasped b) snatched c) grabbed d) clutched,B) 从词性辨析,1. Till the end of the war, the man who had escaped from the prison _ in the wood.a) concealed b) sheltered c) hid d) stayed 2. The little boy couldnt _ his curiosity to see what was in the box.
6、a) refrain b) retain c) hold d) restrain 3. I dont know what Ill do if anything _ to him.a) occurs b) takes place c) is happened d) happens,4. As soon as I walked into the dark house, the boy _ a candle to help me find my way.a) lit b) lighted c) put d) lightened 5. About 150 people lost their lives
7、 in the plane crash, but two children _ the accident.a) survived through b) survived c) survived from d) survived in,C) 根据习惯搭配辨析,1. The king his minister with disobeying his instruction.a) charged b) scolded c) accused d) blamed 2. Miss Jones, a reporter for the New York Times, had _ to a lot of ind
8、ustries.a) access b) knowledge c) contact d) engagements 3. Brown was a brilliant musician but he had never _ his early promise.a) completed b) concluded c) fulfilled d) performed,4. I hear that in some countries children are _ from buying cigarette.a) forbid b) banned c) prohibited d) not allowed 5
9、. Most children in Great Britain are educated at the public _ .a) cost b) expense c) payment d) charge,D) 从句型结构辨析,1. You must remind me, because I am _ to forget about it.a) likely b) possible c) probable d) able 2. All of them, however, remained _ after the air crash.a) lively b) alive c) live d) l
10、iving 3. It is quite _ that he will be present at Alices birthday party.a) right b) exact c) sure d) certain,4. John is in good form. I dont _ that he will win in the competition.a) suspect b) doubt c) think d) believe 5. We must _ that the telegram arrives in time.a) secure b) assure c) ensure d) i
11、nsure,同义词、近义词归类：,continual, continuous, constant, successive decline, refuse, reject, deny quality, property, feature, characteristic accident, incidents, event, happening blame, scold, condemn, reproach declare, state, announce, claim dispute, argument, controversy, disagreement grasp, catch, grip,
12、 clasp, snatch, clutch, seize,II. 形似词题型,英语中有大量的词，拼法极其相似，有的仅仅只差一个字母，这些拼法相似的词称作形似词。形似词之间有的意思不同，甚至截然相反；有的则在意思上毫无关系。 可分为三类： 是由词类转化形成的，例如：advice n. 建议， advise v. 建议。 是由派生而产生的，例如：exclude排除， include包含。 与第一，二类形似词不同，这类形似词之间词义毫不相干，例如：intelligent聪明的，有才智的；intelligible易了解的，易领悟的。,由于形似词极易混淆，在大学英语四级考试词汇选择题中，常有形似词辨别
13、题，辨别题中的形似词大多属于第三类。,1. Because these lines are taken out of _, they d o not convey the message the author intended.a) content b) contact c) context d) contract 2. Languages slowly but constantly _ from older forms into new ones.a) revolve b) evolve c) involve d) resolve 3. It is quite necessary for a
14、 qualified teacher to have good manners and _ knowledge.a) extensive b) expansive c) intensive d) expensive,4. Mrs. Smith was originally of Danish nationality. But now she is a/an _ to the United States.a) exile b) migrant c) emigrant d) immigrant 5. If you do something on your own _ , you plan it a
15、nd decide to do it yourself without anyone telling you what to do.a) initial b) initiative c) initiate d) beginning 6. No one imagined that the apparently _ businessman was really a criminal.a) respectful b) respective c) respectable d) respected,形似词归类：,crash, clash, crush adapt, adopt, adept insure
16、, ensure, assure acquire, inquire, require attitude, altitude, latitude, aptitude presume, resume, consume, assume contribute, distribute, attribute, tribute respectable, respectful, respective, respecting ,I. 短语动词和动词词组题型,A) 短语动词短语动词指由动词加副词（如：hurry up），动词加介词（如：look after）和动词加副词再加介词（如：make up of）构成的短
17、语。由于这种短语相当于一个单独的实义动词（如：put off = postpone），有固定的结构，因而可作为一个独立的语义与语法功能单位看待。解题时， 有些动词可根据组成部分猜测词义，大部分则需要记忆掌握。,1. I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were _ .a) hung up b) hung back c) cut down d) cut off 2. A love marriage, however, does not necessarily _ much sharing of interests and res
18、ponsibilities.a) take over b) hold on c) result in d) keep to 3. A car pulled _ at the gate when I was waiting for a friend.a) in b) off c) up d) out,4. We must face up to our responsibilities and not try to get _ them.a) through b) out of c) over d) across 5. Then the speaker _ the various factors
19、leading to present economic crisis.a) went after b) went into c) went for d) went on,B) 动词词组动词词组是指由动词 + 名词（如：take place）， 动词 + 名词 + 介词（如：take care of），动词 + 宾语 + 特定介词（如：distinguish from. ）组成的固定结构。其中，属“动词 + 宾语 + 特定介词”这一结构最为活跃。 因而， 大学英语四级考试词汇测试题中， 这类试题较多。解析这类试题的关键是搭配。1. This ticket _ you to a free meal
20、 in our new restaurant.a) gives b) grants c) entitles d) credits 2. The new tax law will not _ until next month.a) take effect b) bring into effect c) carry into effect d) be in effect,3. She felt she wanted to something to the community that had given so much to her.a) attribute b) contribute c) di
21、stribute d) tribute 4. His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any _ of it at all.a) meaning b) sense c) idea d) significance 5. He punished the children their carelessness making them pay for the damage.a) by/for b) with/by c) for/by d) about/with,II. 介词及其搭配题型,英语介词因其搭配能力强和搭配方式灵活多变，应用范围很
22、广。因此，掌握介词的基本方法，尤其是介词的习惯搭配，有助于提高词汇选项的命中率。介词的习惯搭配大致分为四种情况：介词成语，如：on the whole；与动词的固定搭配，如：rely on；与形容词或用作形容词的过去分词的固定搭配，如：be surprised at；与名词的固定搭配，如：sympathy for。,A) 介词成语介词成语系约定俗成，往往不加冠词、数词、形容词，而且意思比较稳定。因而，熟悉成语中的介词搭配，了解成语的意思，是解析该类试题的关键。1. The thief tried to open the locked door but _ .a) in no way b) wi
23、thout effect c) in vain d) at a loss 2. The government is _ and will take necessary steps to maintain security and stability.a) on cue b) on the alert c) on the decline d) on end,3. _ their differences, the couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other.a) But for b) Above al
24、l c) For all d) Except for 4. Your father cant shelter you all the time, and _ he isnt always with you.a) at a loss b) at all costs c) in any case d) in a sense 5. The fastest these animals can run is about 65kph and their hunting methods have to be very efficient indeed.a) at any rate b) at this ra
25、te c) in the end d) in consequence,B) 与动词的固定搭配 C) 与形容词或用作形容词的过去分词的固定搭配形容词或作形容词用的过去分词往往与介词等形成固定搭配。解析这类试题，看搭配即可。1. He put forward a proposal _ reason.a) lack of b) void of c) deficient of d) sufficient of,2. The managing director told the journalist he was _ of success.a) confident b) optimistic c) ha
26、ppy d) reliable 3. She was _ staying in bed until lunchtime.a) given to b) regarded as c) tended to d) giving to 4. The colony became independent _ Britain.a) on b) from c) to d) of 5. Survivors of the gas explosion are much _ to the public for their concern and donations.a) obliged b) intended c) c
27、ompelled d) forced,D) 与名词的固定搭配1. George seems to be an exception _ the rule that an only child is selfish and spoiled.a) for b) about c) to d) with 2. He had a clear _ of the responsibility and kept calm even when facing so many problems.a) view b) opinion c) idea d) thought3. Charles has not the le
28、ast _ of giving up his research.a) intention b) attempt c) intent d) desire,4. The changing image of the family on television provides _ into changing attitudes toward the family in society.a) insights b) revelations c) presentations d) specifications 5. Even though poverty is a(an) to his traveling plan, he has still been to many cities.a) shortage b) approach c) obstacle d) disturbance,Wish You Succeed!,掌握大纲词汇 考试不在话下,
