1、英语语法动词-ing形式,制作小组：万亿 霍静龙石勇超 高勇涛,目录,1、动词-ing形式的概述 2、动词-ing形式的时态、语态 3、动词-ing形式的应用 4、习题练习 5、答案与解析,动词-ing形式概述,v.-ing 形式包括传统语法的现在分词和动名词两部分，像动词不定式一样，它既具有动词时态和语态的特征，又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等。,返回,动词-ing形式的时态、语态,v. -ing形式的一般式,V.-ing形式的一般式的构成，表示动作发生在谓语动词动作的同时、之前或之后。 用来泛指动作，没有时间的区分。 Se
2、eking after knowledge is human nature 求知是人的本性。 Travelling abroad can widen ones outlook 出国旅游会扩大人们的视野。 Eating too much chocolate is bad for your teeth 吃太多的巧克力对你的牙齿有害。 My favourite sport is playing table tennis 我最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。,v. -ing形式的一般式,行为与主要动作同时发生，表示伴随。 The students came into the classroom laughing
3、 and talking 学生们又说又笑地走进了教室。 As she saw me，she came over smiling 她看到我时，笑容可掬地走过来。 Doing the washing up，Connie was planning her holiday 康妮在洗碗的时刻盘算着怎样度假。,v. -ing形式的完成式,I could not recall having heard anyone say that before。 我不记得以前听过谁说这样的话。 That weekend，having watched TV to a while，I went to the library
4、to borrow some new novels 那个周末，我看了一会儿电视，便去了图书馆借了几本新小说。 Having realized why he had failed in the exam，he has made up his mind to work harder from now on 他认识到考试失败的原因后，下决心从现在开始要更加努力地学习。 The decision having been made，the next problem was how to make a good plan 决定已作出，下一个问题是如何制订一个好计划了。,v. -ing形式的完成式,v. -
5、ing形式完成式是表示在谓语动词动作以前完成的动作，而时态的表达主要靠谓语动词来加以确定。,v. -ing形式的被动式,一般时的被动式由“being + v.-ed形式”构成，表示主语是v.-ing形式的动作的承受者。 Whats the subject being discussed at the meeting? 会上讨论了什么话题? Being asked to answer the question，she felt a little nervous 叫她回答问题时，她感到有些紧张。 The large building being built(=which is being buil
6、t) will be our school library 正在建造的那座大楼是我们学校的图书馆。 The highway being built will lead to Tanggu port 正在修建的高速公路将直通塘沽码头。,v. -ing形式的被动式,I still remember being taken to Hangzhou when I was a child 我还记得小时候曾被带到杭州去过。 He did it without being asked 他没有被要求就干了这件事。 This problem is far from being settled 这问题远远没有解决
7、。 The squirrel was luckyIt missed being caught 小松鼠很幸运，它没被抓住。 He hated being laughed at 他不喜欢被人笑话。 He narrowly missed being seriously injured 他差点受了重伤。 Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere 你会发现到处都在讨论这个话题。,完成时的被动式,v.-ing形式的完成时被动式由“having been + v.-ed形式”构成，表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 Having been given su
8、ch a good chance，how could you not cherish it at all? 别人给你这么好的机会，你怎么能一点儿不珍惜? Having been invited，he went to Japan to attend the conference 受到邀请，他去日本出席了这次会议。 The decision having been made，the next problem was how to make a good plan 决定已作出，下一个问题是如何制订一个好计划了。,v. -ing形式的否定式,v.-ing形式的否定形式由not加v.-ing形式构成。
9、The boy made his father angry by not taking his medicine 那男孩没吃药，使他父亲生气了。 I regret not being able to help you 没能帮助你我很遗憾。 Not having received an answer，he decided to write again 由于没接到回信，他决定再写一封信。 Not knowing his address and telephone number，we couldnt get in touch with him 由于不知道他的地址和电话号码，我们无法和他取得联系。,v
10、. -ing形式的否定式,Im sorry for not being present at your party in time 我很抱歉，没能按时参加你的聚会。 I felt sorry for not having done the work well 我为没有把工作做好而感到很难过。 Im sorry for not having telephoned you before 很抱歉，没有早给你打电话。 She hated herself for not having worked hard 她悔恨自己没有用功。 Trying without success is better than
11、 not trying at all 实验没有成功也比不实验好。,返回目录,动词-ing形式的应用,v. -ing形式作主语 v. -ing形式作宾语 v. -ing形式作宾语补足语 v. -ing形式作表语 v. -ing形式作定语 v. -ing形式作状语,v. -ing形式作主语,Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见(眼见为实)。(谚语) Playing table tennis is his favourite sport. 打乒乓球是他最喜欢的体育运动。 Crossing the Atlantic by plane takes only a few hours. 坐
12、飞机横越大西洋只需要几个钟头。 Talking is easier than doing. 说比做容易。,v. -ing形式作主语,下面句型中it是形式主语，v.-ing形式短语是真正主语。 Its no use talking about it 谈论这件事是没有用的。 I dont think its much good writing to him 我想写信给他不太好. Its no use crying over spilt milk 事已至此，难过也无益。(牛奶倒翻了哭也没用)(谚语) 注：v.-ing形式作主语通常表示抽象动作或泛指一般情况。不定式作主语通常表示具体动作或某个特定的情
13、况。,v. -ing形式作主语的用法,v.-ing形式作主语还可用于“There be no + v.-ing形式”结构中和布告形式的省略结构中 Theres joking about such matters 这种事开不得玩笑。 Theres no telling what hes going to do. 没有人能说出他将要干什么。 No smoking 禁止吸烟。 No parking 禁止停车。,v. -ing形式作主语的用法,v.-ing形式作主语可以带有表示出来的逻辑主语。这种逻辑主语不论是名词还是代词通常用所有格。 Toms marrying Jenny made his fat
14、her angry 汤姆和珍妮结婚使他的父亲很生气。 Its no use your pretending that you didnt know the rules 你假装不知道这些规定是没用的。 Her going there wont do any harm 她去那里并不碍事,v. -ing形式作宾语,v. -ing形式可以作动词的宾语v. -ing形式可以作介词的宾语,v. -ing形式作动词宾语,A只能带v.-ing形式作宾语； A类动词：avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，give up，cannot he
15、lp，imagineincludekeep(on)，mind，miss，practise，put offsuggest等。He enjoys listening to light music 他喜欢听轻音乐。 The young man is considering changing his job 这位年轻人在考虑调换工作。 Im sorry I missed seeing you while in Shanghai 很遗憾在上海时我没看到你。 Would you mind filling out this form? 请你填一下这张表好吗? My father gave up smokin
16、g last year 我父亲去年戒烟了。,v. -ing形式作动词宾语,B. 既能带v.-ing形式又能带不定式作宾语B类动词：begin，cannot bear，cease，continue，forget，hate，like，love，mean，plan，prefer，propose，regret，remember，start，stop，try等。 在begin，start，continue，cease，cannot bear，hate，like，love，prefer，propose等动词后，用v.-ing形式或不定式在意义上没有什么差别。 The students began writ
17、ing / to write compositions. 学生们开始写作文。 She cannot bear to be laughed at. /being laughed at. 她不能容忍别人嘲笑她。 The boys love to play/ playing football. 那些男孩喜欢踢足球。,v. -ing形式作动词宾语,但是在下列情况下，通常使用不定式： 在would likelovepreferhate后表示一个特定的新动作时： Id like to buy a motor car 我想买一辆汽车。 Id prefer to walk this morning 今天早晨我
18、喜欢走着去。 Id hate to disappoint her 我不想使她失望。 谓语动词用进行时态时： Hes beginning to learn Japanese 他刚开始学日语 Were proposing to start at seven 我们建议7点出发,v. -ing形式作动词宾语,begin后跟see，understand，know，believe等状态动词时： She began to understand she was wrong 她开始明白她自己错了。 I began to believe what he said 我开始相信他说的话了。 begin前面的主语是物时
19、： Suddenly it began to rain 天突然下雨了,返回,After winning the competition，she was ranked first in the world in womens figure skating 赢了这场比赛后，她在世界女子花样滑冰界名列第一。 At last he succeeded in performing his task 最后他成功地执行了他的任务。 His Job consists of gathering information and writing articles 他的任务包括收集资料和写文章。 Im surpris
20、ed at finding the house empty 发现房子里空无一人，我感到惊讶。 Im sorry for giving you so much trouble 对不起，给你添了这么多麻烦。 HowWhat about going to the cinema? 去看电影怎么样?,v.-ing形式作介词宾语,Nothing can stop them from falling in love with each other 什么也无法阻止他们相爱。 Tom is angry about not being invited to the party 汤姆因未被邀请参加晚会而生气。 We
21、 had no trouble in finding his house 我们毫不费力地找到了他的家。 Im glad to have this opportunity of coming to visit your country 我很高兴能有这个机会访问贵国。 Everyone thinks of changing the world，but no one thinks of changing himself 人人都想改变世界，却没有人想改变自己。,v.-ing作介词的宾语,v. -ing形式作宾语补足语,I heard him singing a popular song in the
22、next room 我听到他在隔壁房间里唱流行歌曲。 We can see steam rising from the wet clothes 我们可以看到水蒸气从湿衣服中冒出来。,v. -ing形式作宾语补足语,注意： 1可以带这种复合宾语的动词主要有fee，find，get，hear，keep，see，watch，notice等。上述句子若变为被动语态，v.-ing形式短语就成了主语补足语。 He was heard singing a popular song in the next room Steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes,v
23、. -ing形式作宾语补足语,2复合宾语中用v.-ing形式和用不定式在意义上稍有不同。不定式表示动作发生了，指动作的全过程；v.-ing形式则表示动作正在进行。试比较： I saw her come in。 我看见她进来了。(说明“进来了”这件事) I saw her coming in。 我看见她走进来。(说明“她进来时的情景”),v. -ing形式作表语,My favourite sport is playing table tennis. 我最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。 What interests me is living and dying for what one loves 我所感
24、兴趣的是：为所爱而生，为所爱而死。 Reading is learning 读书就是学习。,v. -ing形式作表语,注意： v.-inlg形式和不定式都可以作表语。一般说来，在表示比较抽象的一般行为时，多用v.-ing形式；在表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式(这一点，与v.-ing形式或不定式作主语在意义上的差别相同)。 Their job is building houses. 他们的工作是盖房子。 Our task now is to build a house 我们现在的任务是盖一幢房子。,v.-ing形式作定语,Theres a swimming pool in o
25、ur school 我们学校有游泳池。(a swimming pool相当于a pool for swimming) He is in the reading room. 他在阅览室里。(the reading room相当于the room for reading),v.-ing形式作定语置于名词前时，有两种情况。一种是表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的状态、动作，朗读时主重音落在后面的名词上。 a sleepingbaby = a baby who is sleeping 一个正在熟睡的婴儿 这里sleeping是v.-ing形式作定语，修饰baby。类似的有： a runningriver =
26、 a river that is running 一条奔流的小河 a waitingcar 等待的汽车 a flyingfish 飞鱼 a barkingdog 一条爱叫的狗,拓展延伸,又如： a cleaningwoman 女清洁工 a sleepingvolcano 沉睡的火山 a firingsquad 行刑队 an astonishingspeed 惊人的速度 a touchingstory 动人的故事 a shiningexample 光辉的待样 an everlastingfriendship 永恒的友谊,拓展延伸,v.-ing形式作定语，表示所处的状态或正在进行的动作，常用短语还
27、有： rolling waves 翻滚的浪头 falling leaves 落叶 galloping horses 奔马 coming week 下周 touching story 动人的故事 rising sun 朝阳 ruling clique 统治集团 striking contrast 鲜明对照 raging flames 熊熊烈火 biting wind 刺骨寒风,拓展延伸,另一种v.-ing形式表示的不是被修饰名词的动作，而是被修饰名词的性能、用途，朗读时，重音放在v.-ing形式上。 Asleeping car = a car for sleeping 卧车 aswimming
28、pool = a pool for swimming 游泳池 areading room = a room for reading 阅览室 aliving room = a room for living 卧室 atyping paper = a paper for typing 复印纸 awriting desk = a desk for writing 写字桌 上述作前置修饰语的v.-ing形式，在现代英语中不断增长，并已逐渐形容词化。,拓展延伸,v.-ing形式作定语表示被修饰名词的性能、用途时，常用短语还有： running shoes 跑鞋 studying method 学习方法
29、waiting room 候车室 driving permit 驾驶证 reading materials 阅读材料 smoking room 吸烟室 dancing hall 舞厅 working hours 工作时间,拓展延伸,作定语用的v.-ing形式如果是单个的词，一般放在名词的前面；如果是v.-ing形式短语，则放在名词的后面。此时，它的功能相当于一个定语从句。 Caring mothers know that brain needs extra nutrition 爱心妈妈知道大脑需要补充营养。 A diet lacking in nutritional value wont ke
30、ep a person healthy 缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。 There were a lot of boy students playing football on the football field 有许多男生在足球场上踢足球。,拓展延伸,v. -ing形式作状语,He sat there smoking 他坐在那里抽着烟。(表示伴随情况或方式) She stood on the beach，gazing at the ocean 她伫立海滩上，凝视着大海。(表示伴随情况) Watching ( = When he watched) an apple falling do
31、wn from the tree Newton had an inspiration 看见一个苹果从树上落下来，牛顿突然得到一个启示。(表示时间) Looking down from the top of a cliff，you will feel dizzy 从悬崖上往下看你会觉得头晕。(表示条件),v. -ing形式作状语,Not having received an answer，he decided to write again 由于没接到回信，他决定再写一封信。(表示原因) In 1492，Columbus commanded a small fleet across the Atl
32、anlic Ocean searching for a sea route to Asia 1492年，哥伦布率领一个小型舰队横跨大西洋寻找通往亚洲的海上路线。(表示目的) Water can absorb and release a lot of heat without big changes in its tem-perature，thus creating a stable environment 水能吸收并释放很多的热量而温度变化不大，因此创造了稳定的环境。(表示结果),v.-ing形式结构作动词宾语,能带有v.-ing形式结构作宾语的动词有两类：一类是只能带v.-ing形式结构作宾
33、语，另一类是既能带v.-ing形式结构作宾语，又能带不定式结构作宾语。 在用作动词宾语的v.-ing形式结构后面跟有补语时，和用v.-ing形式结构作主语一样，也能有两种形式。 We consider meeting her foolish. we consider it foolish meeting her. 我们认为跟她见面是愚蠢的做法。 We consider it foolish to meet her.,v.-ing形式结构作动词宾语,只能带v.-ing形式结构作宾语的动词。 有一类动词只能带v.-ing形式结构作宾语，不能带不定式结构作宾语。这类动词常见的有：acknowledg
34、e, avoid, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, evade，facilitate, fancy，favour，finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep(on), dont mind, miss，postpone，practise，put off, resent, resist, risk, cannot stand, suggest等。,习题练习,1Peter received a letter just now _ hi
35、s grandma would come to see him soon Asaid B says Csaying D. to say 2. Come on，please give me some ideas about the project. SorryWith so much work _ my mind，I almost break down. Afilled B filling Cto fill D being filled 3. Do you think that housing price will keep _ in the years to come? Sorry，I hav
36、e no idea A. lifting up Bgoing up Cbringing up Dgrowing up,答案与解析,习题练习,4As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not _, and asked myself what I was going to do Amoved B moving Cto move Dbeing moved 5. We often provide our children with toys，footballs or basketballs，_ that all children like thes
37、e things Athinking Bthink Cto think Dthought 6The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert Acovering Bcovered Ccover Dto cover,答案与解析,习题练习,7If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things，think again Agets Bgot Cto get Dgetting 8After he became cons
38、cious，he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod Ato attack；hit Bto be attacked；to be hit Cattacking；be hit Dhaving been attacked；hit 9Dont sit there _ nothingCome and help me with this table Ado Bto do Cdoing D. and doing,答案与解析,习题练习,10My cousin came to see me from the country，_ me a full basket o
39、f fresh fruits Abrought Bbringing Cto bring Dhad brought 11Whenever he was asked why he was late for class，he would answer carelessly，always _ the same thing Asaying Bsaid Cto say Dhaving said 12There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old Ato be
40、 Bto have been Cbeing Dhaving been,答案与解析,习题练习,13It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration Aaccept Baccepting Cto accept Daccepted 14I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school，most were from Germany Astudy；of whom Bstudy；of them Cstudyin
41、g；of them Dstudying；of whom 15When _ different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities Acompared Bbeing compared Ccomparing Dhaving compared,答案与解析,答案与解析,1【C】题干的主句中已有谓语动词received，空白处不应再有其他谓语，排除A、B。v.-ing形式表示正在进行的动作，不定式表示未来的动作，此处陈述信件内容，v.-ing形式作后置
42、定语，故答案选C。 2【B】答语中with的复合结构作原因状语。在with的复合结构中，宾语和宾补的关系是主动关系，排除A、D。v.-ing形式表示正在进行的动作，不定式表示未来的动作，答案选B。本句意思是“由于如此多的工作充满了头脑，我的健康几乎垮下来”。 3【B】问句为一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，从句谓语keep后跟v.-ing形式作宾语表示“使处于某种状态”。四个选项的短语动词意思分别为：lift up举起，提起；go up上升，高涨；bring up使往高处，培养，造就；grow up长大，成人。四个选项中只有填入B项才能与从句主语housing price的意思相吻合，故答案选B。
43、,答案与解析,4【B】考查v.-ing形式。此句中v.-ing形式表示动作，而且此动作与主句中的谓语stood同时发生，因而用v.-ing形式的一般式moving，在句中起方式伴随状语作用。 5【A】v.-ing形式作状语，因为think的逻辑主语是句子的主语，所以要用v.-ing形式作状语。 6【A】v.-ing形式作定语表示主动意义，即表示blanket是cover动作的执行者，说明野花就像橘黄色的柔软的地毯覆盖在沙漠上。此处是like后跟复合宾语、v.-ing形式作宾语补足语的句型。,答案与解析,7【D】mean doing sth意为“意味着做某事”；mean to do sth意为“
44、打算做某事”，其主语常常是人。本句意为：如果你认为善待一位妇女就得事事经过她的同意，那么你要三思。 8【D】根据前面After he became conscious，所以应该用remember doing表示“记得干过某事”，同时又是被动语态(被袭击)，所以第一空应该选having been attacked。另外，根据and连接 的两个词表示并列，hit应该和attack采用同样的语态，hit的v.-ed形式还是hit。 9【C】v.-ing形式作状语，表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作，即表示坐着不做任何事情。,答案与解析,10【B】v.-ing形式作状语表示主动，即表示句子的主语所做的事，根
45、据句意可判断“我的表兄弟给 我带来了一篮子水果”，所以要用v.-ing形式作状语。v.-ed形式作状语表示被动；不定式作状语常常表示目的或结果。因为句子已有谓语came，不能再有谓语，所以D项是错误。 11【A】v.-ing形式表示主动，即其逻辑主语是句子的主语he，用v.-ing形式短语表示伴随动作。B项缺少并列连词and，用以构成并列谓语；C项表目的或出乎意料的结果，和D项均不合题意。 12【C】imagine后接v.-ing形式作宾语，意为“想像做某事”，表示“无法想像会那么老”。,答案与解析,13【B】在imagine后要用v.-ing形式作宾语，类似的词还有enjoy，appreciate，insist on等。句 意：很难想像他没作任何考虑就接受了这个决定。 14【D】第一空是v.-ing形式短语作后置定语；第二空是非限制性定语从句，只有D项符合本句要求。句意：我被告知在这所学校里大约有50名学汉语的外国学生，他们中大部分来自德国。 15【C】此处是“when + v.-ing形式短语”作时间状语，相当于一个状语从句。但v.-ing形式的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。此处主句的主语是we，compare这个动作是主动进行的，应用 v.-ing形式表示。句意：在比较不同文化时，我们通常只注意其不同点，而忽略它们的许多相似之处。,谢谢欣赏，再见！,
