1、FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY,Discovery of a new life stage,Section A,2,Journey through the odyssey years,Objectives,Discovery of a new life stage,1. What major stages does ones life include?,Childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age,2. Which stag
2、e are you at now?,The stage between adolescence and adulthood.,The odyssey years.,Cultural background,1. What are the so-called “odyssey years”?,The term odyssey years is originated from The Odyssey, a long poem by the Greek author Homer, which is a sequel (续集) to the Iliad, and mainly centers on th
3、e story of the Greek hero, Odysseus. It described Odysseus long journey trying to return home from adventures and war.,Cultural background,1. What are the so-called “odyssey years”?,For English speakers, as many other cultures, the odyssey has become a special term for an epic journey and great stru
4、ggle. The odyssey years in this text refers to a newly added life phase, which appears between adolescence and adulthood. its the decade when young people are wandering and going through life, exploring and discovering themselves.,2. Special terms for different generations,Generation Jones(after Wor
5、ld War II in 1945 through 1965): baby boomers; less optimism, distrust of government, and general cynicism Generation X (from the 1960s to the early 1980s):the period of birth decline; be pushed toward adulthood at an age earlier; better educated than baby boomers,Cultural background,2. Special term
6、s for different generations,Generation Y (from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s):the Millennial Generation; an increased use and familiarity with communications, media, and digital technologies Generation Z (from the mid-1990s or the early 2000s to the present): the Net or the Internet Generation; s
7、pend their entire life with the World Wide Web and high-tech gadgets,Cultural background,The text mainly talks about what “the odyssey years” means and how this particular phase is characterized.,Previous phases in life,Transition,A newly added phase in life: the odyssey years,Characteristics of the
8、 odyssey years,Advice to young people,Explains how the traditional way labeled previous life stages: _ and old age.,Part I (Para. 1)Previous phases of life,childhood, adolescence, adulthood,我们把这些阶段想象为婴儿期在童年之前，中年在老年之前，每个阶段都会面临一系列特有的挑战。,原句译文,逆译练习,We think of infancy before childhood and middle age bef
9、ore old age, with each unique phase bringing its own peculiar set of challenges. (Para. 1, L2-4),句型提炼,with + n./pron.+ v-ing.,句型提炼,应用提示,构成with独立结构，主要用作状语，可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。 with之后的名词和其后的现在分词构成主谓关系，其中现在分词表示主动并正在进行的动作。,句型应用,(with each dish emitting),典型例句,她在餐桌旁坐了下来，每道菜都散发出扑鼻的香味。(状语表示伴随),意群提示,She sat dow
10、n at the table, with each dish emitting a delicious smell.,(with her eyes fixing),典型例句,女孩坐在那里一言不发，眼睛直挺挺地盯着墙壁。(状语表示方式),意群提示,The girl sat there quite silent, with her eyes fixing on the wall.,(with our food running out / walk to a village),典型例句,由于我们的食物即将吃完，我们不得不步行到一个村子寻求帮助。(状语表示原因),意群提示,With our food
11、running out, we had to walk to a village for help.,(with summer coming),典型例句,随着夏季来临，天气正变得越来越热。(状语表示时间),意群提示,With summer coming, it is becoming hotter and hotter.,使了解；使熟知,Please acquaint us with your plans as soon as possible.,acquaint sb/oneself with sth,短语逆译,短语应用,请尽快将你的计划告诉我们。,This transitional par
12、agraph claims that _ is changing.,Part II (Para. 2)Transition,the way of viewing different life stages,Part III (Paras. 3-5) Introduce a newly added life stage: the odyssey years,What did young people used to do after college? (Para.3),Based on the reading, what are the so-called “odyssey years”? (P
13、ara.4),由于年轻人正按照一种不同的模式生活，最近的趋势出现了根本性的变化。,原句译文,逆译练习,Recent trends show radical changes as young people are following a different agenda. (Para. 4, L3-4),句型提炼,Recent trends/tendencies/fashions show,句型提炼,应用提示,用于描述“近来的一种态势”。,句型应用,(recent.show / benefit from),典型例句,最近的趋势表明，可以通过放松的锻炼方式使身体受益。,意群提示,A recent
14、tendency shows that it is possible that body benefits from exercises through a relaxing way.,中断；暂停,(take a break from / make herself some coffee),She took a break from her work to make herself some coffee and then resumed a few minutes later.,take a break from,短语逆译,短语应用,她暂停了一会儿工作，给自己泡了一点咖啡，然后几分钟后继续工
15、作。,意群提示,How is young peoples assumption of adulthood in the past different from that at present? (Para.5),Focus on a comparison / contrast essay To compare means to show the similarities and to contrast means to show the differences. There are some important points to remember when you write a compa
16、rison / contrast essay:,to be continued,Writing devices,To be comparable To mention the points Two basic patterns: point-by-point and subject-by-subject,to be continued,Moving away from home; Becoming financially independent; Finding the right spouse and starting a family,Writing devices,Delaying ma
17、rriage, child bearing, and even employment,Older generation,Younger generation,倾向于；往往会；易于做某事,(tend to do sth. / need less sleep),People tend to need less sleep as they get older.,tend to do sth.,短语逆译,短语应用,人们随着年纪的增长往往不需要那么多睡眠。,意群提示,Introduces a new life stage, the odyssey years, using comparison and
18、contrast. Specifically, Paragraph 3 describes _ Paragraph 4 presents _ _. Paragraph 5 compares _ _ in the past and present.,Part III (Paras. 3-5) A newly added phase in life,what young people used to do after college.,young peoples concept of adulthood,the image of young people today,Part IV (Paras.
19、 6-10)Characteristics of the odyssey years,How do some young people in their odyssey years react to their parents? (Para. 6),使承担苦差事；使负重担,(saddle sb. with sth. / due to / an increased cost),The company is saddled with debt due to the consequence of an increased cost of production.,saddle sb. with sth
20、.,短语逆译,短语应用,由于生产成本的提高, 该公司陷入了债务。,意群提示,How did parents feel toward their grown children whose lives are moving away from their expectations?(Para. 7),体谅；原谅,You should make allowances for him; hes been quite ill recently.,make allowances for,短语逆译,短语应用,你应该体谅他，他最近身体相当不好。,意群提示,Why does everything during
21、this stage remain temporary? (Para. 8),被代替,(give way to sth. / give one a pay raise),He was greatly disappointed over his boss decision against giving him a pay raise, and soon his disappointment gave way to anger.,give way to sth.,短语逆译,短语应用,他对老板不给他加薪的决定感到非常失望，很快他的失望变成了愤怒。,意群提示,别的不说，这对择偶产生了不言而喻的影响。,
22、原句译文,逆译练习,Apart from anything else, this has had an implicit effect on courtship. (Para. 9, L1),句型提炼,Apart from anything else, sth. has an effect on,句型提炼,应用提示,用于强调“某种因素的影响”。,句型应用,(apart from anything else / rumors/ negative effect),典型例句,撇开别的不说，仅仅这些谣言对他的形象已经产生了负面的影响。,意群提示,Apart from anything else, th
23、ese rumors alone have had a negative effect on his image.,What are some of the characteristics of this phase? (Para. 10),This part exclusively deals with the characteristics of the odyssey years such as young peoples _, parents feelings toward the growing children, no new guidelines, young people s
24、holding _ and so on.,Part IV (Paras. 6-10)Characteristics of the odyssey years,rebellious reaction,traditional aspirations,Part IV (Paras. 11-12)Advice to young people,What advice is offered to the young people? (Paras.11-12),Do you think the odyssey years could lead to self-discovery? Why or why no
25、t? (Para.12),Encourage young people never to give up when facing any difficulties. They must have _ _.,Part IV (Paras. 11-12)Advice to young people,the strength, capacity and confidence to successfully pass through the odyssey years,放弃；退出,(be intimidated by/ competition/ inner confidence),Do not be
26、intimidated by people who think they are smarter than you, and dont back off when facing competition; inner confidence is important.,短语逆译,短语应用,别在那些自认为比你聪明的面前露怯，而且在竞争面前不要退缩；内在的自信很重要。,意群提示,back off,对某事感到惊讶，感到诧异,(wonder at / visitors to mountainous areas),Visitors to mountainous areas tend to wonder at
27、 the speed with which the weather can change in such areas.,短语逆译,短语应用,去山里观光的游客对这个地区天气变化之快感到诧异。,意群提示,wonder at,Previous phases in life,Transition,A newly added phase in life: the odyssey years,Characteristics of the odyssey years,Advice to young people,Previous phases in life,Transition,A newly added
28、 phase in life: the odyssey years,Characteristics of the odyssey years,Advice to young people,There were childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age, with each unique phase bringing its own peculiar set of challenges. (Para. 1),Previous phases in life,Previous phases in life,Transition,A newly ad
29、ded phase in life: the odyssey years,Characteristics of the odyssey years,Advice to young people,Transition,The way of viewing different life stages is changing. (Para. 2),Previous phases in life,Transition,A newly added phase in life: the odyssey years,Characteristics of the odyssey years,Advice to
30、 young people,Previously, young people would move away from home and start a family; which is different from today. (Para. 5),A newly added phase in life: the odyssey years,Today, young people are following a different agenda: the odyssey years. (Para. 4),Previously, young peoples induction to adult
31、hood was completed once they graduated from college. (Para. 3),Previous phases in life,Transition,A newly added phase in life: the odyssey years,Characteristics of the odyssey years,Advice to young people,New guidelines for this particular phase havent been established. Every change remains temporar
32、y. (Para. 8),Characteristics of the odyssey years,Because of enormous pressure, young people react with rebellious behaviors toward their parents. (Para. 6),Their parents feel more anxious. (Para. 7),The outcome of this new phase will become more noticeable in the coming years. (Para. 10),Characteri
33、stics of the odyssey years,The change in gender status delays the time to get married. However, young people still hold traditional aspirations for parenthood. (Para.9),Previous phases in life,Transition,A newly added phase in life: the odyssey years,Characteristics of the odyssey years,Advice to yo
34、ung people,Advice to young people,Success will only come to those who know that they must have the strength, capacity and confidence to pass through the odyssey years. (Paras. 11-12),The odyssey years are certainly a very complicated _ of life for young people. The odyssey years can _ young people w
35、ith enormous pressure to _. During these years, not only do these young people need to _ many difficulties, they also have to face many _ from their parents.,phase,saddle,move forward,To be continued,overcome,challenges,But, if you stay strong, be positive, and keep focused, someday you will look ba
36、ck and wonder at the _ as you passed through the odyssey years.,vast changes,separate from,take a break from,tend to do sth.,base upon /on sth.,saddle sb. with sth,give way to sth.,back off,wonder at,have a solid idea,understand as a norm,lead to a career,fall out of love,move forward,get upset,cons
37、idering all of this,with + n./pron.+ v-ing.,Recent tendency shows,Apart from anything else, sth. has an effect on,Young people should use more time to communicate with family, friends, and other loved ones, spend less time on the Internet, games, and do physical exercise to improve the fitness level
38、 in case of some approaching difficulties. Otherwise, they should participate in meaningful activities to fill up all the days.,How can young people cope with this difficult time period the odyssey years?,2. What might be the most significant personal effect that is caused by the delay in transition
39、 to adulthood?, Delayed marriage and career More competition Loss of good opportunities More self-awareness Further exploration of career Establishment of stable financial status, Through a lot of changes, young people become more flexible than older people Social changes are so radical that it is h
40、ard for everyone to fit in the pattern Radical social changes will eventually shape society into a more modern one,3. How do you evaluate the radical social changes resulting from this newly added phase?,How do you understand the following quotes “What I do is all for you”and “Put yourself far enoug
41、h away to give your child much room but close enough to help him or her if asked”?,Chinese and western education differ widely in a first embodiment of family education. Chinese parents tend to educate their children in a directive, command type. They plan for all, make their area of control, and pa
42、y few attention to childrens independent ability.,However, the western family education is quite different, parents tend to put their children in equal status. This gives the child enough space. Parents pay attention to childrens awareness and abilities to stand on their own.,How do you understand t
43、he following quotes “What I do is all for you”and “Put yourself far enough away to give your child much room but close enough to help him or her if asked”?,Focus on a comparison / contrast essay To compare means to show the similarities and to contrast means to show the differences. In everyday life
44、, you compare and contrast when you buy a car or choose an apartment. You can also compare two teachers, two jobs, or two ways to spend a weekend. There are some important points to remember when you write a comparison / contrast essay:,to be continued,The items being compared or contrasted must be
45、from the same category. In other words, they should be comparable. It is better to mention the points you would like to compare or contrast in the thesis statement so as to let readers know about the main idea in your essay right away.,to be continued,There are two basic patterns to organize the det
46、ails of your essay: point-by-point and subject-by-subject. Here, point refers to the aspects you would like to use to develop your essay, and subject refers to the two items or people you want to compare or contrast. In this unit, you will learn how to use the point-by-point pattern. For instance, i
47、f you compare two generations, you may organize the details as follows:,to be continued,to be continued,Point by point,1 Way of thinking A Younger generation B Older generation,2 Attitude to changes A Younger generation B Old generation,3 Hobbies & interest A Younger generation B Older generation,Co
48、ntrast: on the other hand, in contrast, however, in comparison, even though, although, though, whereas, while, but, different from, unlike, etc.,The key to writing a successful and coherent essay is the appropriate use of comparison and contrast structure words. The common ones are:,Structure words,Comparison: similarly, likewise, also, too, as, just as, like, just like, similar to, alike, the same as, not only but also, both and , etc.,
