1、四级词汇总结,构词法：,后缀(词性) 前缀(意思) 词根 合成词,常见名词后缀：,-er, -or, -ess, -ist, -ee, -ian, -ese, -ant等用于构成表示人或物的名称,-ance, -ence, -tion, -ics, -ing, -ity, -ment, -ness, -sion, -th, -ty, -ure，-age, -al等用于构成表示行为、性质、状态等的抽象名词。,常见形容词后缀：,-able, -ible, -al, -ful, -less, -ish, -ive, -ous, -an, -ic, -ly, -y, -ant, -ent, -ary,
2、 -en, -some等,常见副词后缀：,-ly -ward(s) -wise,常见动词后缀,-ise/ ize -en -ify等,构成反义的前缀:,un- dis- in- im- ir- il- non- de- 等,其它常见前缀：,re- mis- co- anti- ex- pre-,post- fore- sub- inter- trans- semi- uni-,bi- tri- multi- auto- en-,常见词根：,cred=believe dict=say circ=ring ced=go flu=flow,leg,legis=law junct=connect je
3、ct=throw log=speak sent=feel vis,vid=see vert=turn,合成词-合成形容词,形容词+名词+ed 形容词+现在分词 副词+现在分词 名词+现在分词 名词+过去分词 副词+过去分词 形容词+名词 名词+ 形容词,合成名词,名词+名词 形容词+名词 动名词+名词 动词+名词 名词+动名词 动词+副词 副词+动词,合成动词,名词 + 动词 副词 + 动词 形容词+动词,听力十大场景词（一）-学习,1. 申请学校 apply for 申请 business degree 商学院学位 pay your own way 自己支付各种费用 2选修课程 semest
4、er 学期（美国英语） term 学期（英国英语） registration 注册 course 课程 class permit 听课证 optional course 选修课 literature class 文学课 3. 听课 lecturer 讲师 barely stay awake 几乎不能保持清醒 complicated 复杂 extra copies 多余的篇子 informative 信息量大 presentation 陈述，解释，示范 mission 任务，使命,4演说nervous 紧张的 contest 比赛 calm 平静的 contestant 参赛选手 a large
5、 audience 一大群观众 talk of the town 镇上谈论的焦点 shaking all over 浑身发抖 not a big deal 不是什么大不了的事情 beyond me 超出我的理解范围5阅读reading assignment 阅读任务 selectively 有选择地 chapter by chapter 一章一章地 theory 理论 read through 从头到尾地读 plot 情节 cover a few chapters 涉及了几个章节 intensively 精细地 character 人物角色,6写文 typing errors 打字错误 rev
6、ise 修订 quality paper 好纸 get it published proofread 校对 paragraph 段落 7考试 final exam 期末考试 fail 不及格，失败 mid-term 期中考试 results (pl) 分数 stay up 熬夜 release 发布（分数） two sleepless nights 两天两夜没睡觉 be through with 结束，完成,场景二：工作,1面试 interview 面试 finance 金融 suit 西装 accounting 会计 tie 领带 resume 简历 working experience 工
7、作经历 hand in 上交 travel 出差 annual vacation 年假 2收发邮件 email 邮件 attachment 附件 log in 登录 forward the mail to 把邮件转发给 log off 登出3开会和约会 appointment 约会 move on to 继续 confirm 确认 the next item 下一议题 cancel 取消 presentation 陈述，解释，示范 come in ones place 代表某人来 replace 取代 on behalf of 代表,场景三：娱乐,1看戏Global theatre 环球剧院
8、drama 戏剧 Grand theatre 大剧院 impressive 令人印象深刻的 too dramatic to be true 太假了 audience 观众 play the boss 扮演老板 out of the way 太远了 the greatest hit 大片 a long queue 长队 appreciate 欣赏 sold out 卖完了2体育活动 basketball season 篮球赛季 tennis 网球 camping 野营 badminton 羽毛球 jogging 慢跑 performance 表现 fishing 钓鱼 keep fit 保持健康
9、3旅游scenery 风景 Greek style 希腊风格 lawn 草地 museum 博物馆 column 柱子 statue 塑像,场景四：购物,1采购衣服size 型号 come in all sizes 号全 price tag 价格标签 bargain 讨价还价2其它discount 折扣 latest technology 最新的科技 cashier 收银员,场景五：吃饭,1评点餐馆Italian restaurant 意大利餐馆 popular 受人喜爱的 environment 环境 crowded 拥挤的 reserve a table 预定餐桌 2饮食健康必备词汇表on
10、 diet 节食 dessert 甜点 contain 含有 salad 沙拉 steak 牛排,场景六：居住,1电话询问租房信息inquire about 询问 furnished （公寓）带家具的 apartment 公寓（美国英语） double-bedroom 两室的 flat 公寓（英国英语） 2买房brochure 册子 house developer 房产开发,场景七：交通,1飞机flight 航班 wait for further notice 等候进一步通知 gate 登机口 seat belt 安全带 minor mechanical errors 轻微的机械故障 term
11、inal 候机大厅 sign 标志 aisle seat 走廊座位 window seat 靠窗座位 check-in 办理登机手续2小汽车parking lot 停车场 maintain 保养 break down 抛锚 garage 修车场 scratches 刮蹭 highway 高速公路 single lane 单行道 No-parking sign 禁止停车标志,3公交bus stop 车站 passengers 乘客 crowded 拥挤的 pull into 进站4火车 platform 站台 schedule 时刻表 sleeper 卧铺 be supposed to 应该 v
12、iew 景色 scenery 景色,场景八：疾病,a cold 感冒 dizzy 头晕 a fever 发烧 exhausted 筋疲力尽的 have the ankle twisted 扭到脚踝 appetite 胃口 high blood pressure 高血压 prescribe 开处方 take the temperature发烧 a sore throat 喉咙疼 dentist 牙医 ward 病房,场景九：天气,cloud over 天阴起来 sweat 出汗 clear up 天晴起来 weather forecast 天气预报 coupled with strong win
13、d 伴有强风 freezing cold 非常冷 drought 干旱 shower 阵雨,场景十：人际关系,hear from 听到某人消息 get along 与相处 be mad with 对某人生气 get in touch with 和联系,常见短语词汇之 come,come across come up come up against /with/to come about come around/round come at come off come down come down with come out,偶遇，碰上 出现；被讨论 突然碰到（困难等）/筹集/达到 发生，产生 苏
14、醒，复原 攻击 脱落；成功；举行，发生 坍塌；（物价等）下跌 生病（口语） 出现；出版；结果是,常见短语词汇之 take,take after 与相象 take apart 拆开(机器等) takeas 把理解为 take away 拿走，夺去，使离去；减去 take down 取下；记下；拆卸 take for 认为，以为；误认为 take on 接受；包含；领会；承 担，从 事；呈现，具有；开始;雇佣 take into account 把考虑进去 take up 拿起；着手处理；占去,take over 占据；接任(职位) take out 拿出；去掉；扣除；（通过申请等）取得，办理；(
15、on)对.发泄 take back 收回（说错的话）使回忆起 take in 接受，接纳，吸收；包括;领会，理解；欺骗 take effect 生效 take turns 轮流,常见短语词汇之turn,turn down （音量）关小；拒绝； turn up （音量）调大；出现，出席； turn out 结果是，证明是； It to be true 生产 This factory has turned out a million cars this year turn over 翻过来；移交，转交（没有方向性） 比较： hand over 移交，交给（父传子）take over 接管 （子承父
16、业） turn in 上交； turn to 求助于，求教于 turn off/on 关/开,常见短语词汇之 make,make out = hard to recognize 努力辨认；理解，领会 make for 朝着方向走 make off 匆匆离开，逃走 set off cut off make up 组成，构成； 补考； 缓考 make it = succeed in doing sth make up for 补偿,常见短语词汇之 hand,hand over hand in 交来，交上，呈交 hand down 把传下来 hand out 分发，派发 hand around一个传
17、给另一个（没有方向性）,常见短语词汇之 call,call for要求；需要； call in 叫某人进来；约请，约进 call off 取消=cancel call on 拜访（某人）；号召，呼吁 call up打电话，使人想起； 动员，召集,常见短语词汇之 go,go off 离开；爆炸；断电 go after追赶，追捕；追求； go along 进展 go along with 赞同；陪某人前往 go around 四处走走；（消息等）传开 go back on 违背 go by （时间等）流逝；遵守，遵循 go for 去拿，去请；袭击；适用于 go into=investigate
18、调查，研究；谈及，谈论 the problem go out 出去； 熄灭（自己灭）fire put out go over=review 复习，仔细检查 go through 遭受，经历（苦难等）；审查 go up 上升，上涨 go with 陪某人一起行事；与协调一致，匹配,常见短语词汇之 break,break through取得突破性进展；突破，突围； break down（机器等）损坏；（汽车）抛锚；（谈判）破裂；（人）身体垮掉 break into破门而入，侵入； break off 中断，突然停止； break out（火灾，战争，疾病等）爆发 break up 打碎，驱散；终止
19、，结束 break the silence=break the ice 打破沉默 break the promise 违背诺言 break the record 打破记录,常见短语词汇之 give,give away 赠送；（泄露，吐露）秘密 give back 归还 give in 屈服，让步=yield to give off （烟、热、光等）散发，释放 give up 放弃=abandon give out =hand out=distribute,常见短语词汇之 pull,pull out （车，船等）驶出，划出；拔出 pull into (车，船等)进站 pull through 恢
20、复知觉 pull up 车等停下来 pull over 使（车，船等）闪到一边,常见短语词汇之 bring,bring about发生 使发生 bring around使苏醒，使复原 bring off使实现;表现 bring out使表现出版 bring over使转变（思想）改变立场 bring down降低；达到 bring forth生产；引起 bring forward 提议 bring up 抚养，养育= rear,语法总结,虚拟语气,表达愿望“但愿”“要是多好” 反事实假说（不可实现的条件） 省略 if 的条件 其他 强制性虚拟语气：表示“建议、命令、打算、劝告”等的动词及它们的
21、名词、形容词等形式 Its + adj. + that + (should) + verb “早该做”句型 “宁愿”句型,表达愿望“但愿”“要是多好”,1. Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college. (2000年53题） A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would study 2. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _there.(2001, 53) A. were B. would be
22、 C. Had been D. will be,反事实假说（不可实现的条件）,If I were you, I would do it immediately. If I had chosen A instead of B, I would have passed the exam. If it should be sunny tomorrow, I could go swimming.,省略 if 的条件,_ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. (20
23、04,4,32) A If he took b. If he should take c. Were he to take d. Had he taken 2. _, I should ask them some questions. (1997,30) Should they come to us If they come to us Were they come to us Had they come to us,其他,But for my classmates help, I _ the work in time. (2004,4 36) a. did not finish b. cou
24、ld not finish c. will not finish d. would not have finished 2. But for the rain, we _ a nice holiday. (2003,4,28) should have b. would have had c. would have d. well enough,only if / if only,Only if he works hard, he will pass the exam. If only he had worked hard, he would have passed the exam.,强制性虚
25、拟语气：,表示“建议、命令、打算、劝告”等的动词及它们的名词、形容词等形式 The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life. (1998,28) a. had b. would have c. have d. was going to have Its + adj. + that + (should) + verb Its urgent that a meeting _ before the final decision is made. (2003,45) will be a
26、rranged b. must be arranged c. be arranged c. would be arranged,“早该做”句型,1. It s high time we _ something to stop traffic accident. (1996,43) do b. will do c. did d. must do 2. Dont you think it is time you _ smoking?(1999,31) give up b. gave up c. would give up d. should give up,“宁愿”句型,I am too busy
27、 these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner. (2002,46) come b. would come came d. have come 试比较would rather than .,倒装,1. 表达否定的词或词组放在句首,never, scarcely, hardly, rarely, little, nowhere, no sooner.than, not only, in no case, in no way, on no account, at no time, under no circumsta
28、nce,1. Examples,Never before has anyone applied such principles to practice. Hardly had he said anything before he left. Scarcely had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her. No sooner had Anne arrived there than she fell ill. Rarely did Tom leave his lab those days. Little did I thi
29、nk a year ago that I could work for your company.,2. Only引导的状语放在句首,Only then did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery. Only after class was he allowed to raise the question. Only in this way can you make progress. Only once did his father call his full name.,3. Here, there, then, thus
30、等副词放在句首，并且谓语动词为come, go, exist, follow 等不及物动词时，这时一般为全部倒装 。,Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. There exists two types of flying machines. Then follows the fashion show. Thus arose the division between the developed and developing countries.,4.句首为so, nor, neither 等副词，表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句。,Richard can
31、 speak Japanese. So can his sister. Copper is a good conductor. So are many other metals. He didnt say anything, nor(neither) did his assistant. The first one wasnt good enough and neither was the second.,5. 在虚拟语气中，非真实条件从句中的连词省略时。这种情况下，倒装到主语前的助动词是had, should 和动词 were.,Had I left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. Should it rain tomorrow, what could we do? Were there no air, there would be no sound. Had I left a little earlier, I would have caughtDecide whether the following statements are true or false.,
