1、Experiencing English Integrated Book3,Unit Seven,Part One Text Comprehension,Background Information Main Idea of the TextLanguage Points,Background Information,Pesticides and Toxic Chemicals -Pesticides are deliberately spread to make the environment toxic to certain plants, insects or rodents, so i
2、t shouldnt be surprising that other plants and wildlife are often harmed at the same time. -scientists have found numerous worries with several pesticides which are still legal and commonly used. -many chemical pollutants are toxic to wildlife.,Main Idea of the Text,As time goes by, some animals are
3、 gaining new respect. Through introducing humans prespective change toward skunk and bat, the author give readers a reflection about the relationship between animal and human.,Language Points,1. awful adj. 糟糕的, 可怕的, 惊人的 eg. I felt awful about not being able to help. 我帮不上忙，心里很难受。It sounds awful, but
4、I just cant stand his parents. 这听起来很糟糕，可是我就是受不了他的父母。,Language Points,2. spray vt. 喷 spray sb./sth. with sth. 用喷 spray sth. on sb./sth. 将 喷到 She was cleaning the porch by spraying it with water. 她在喷水清洁门廊。 Water sprayed out all over me. 水喷出来浇了我一身。,Language Points,3. stamp vt. 在盖章 We are stamping the l
5、etter. 我们在给这封信贴邮票。,Language Points,4. spot vt. 看出, 认出 I spotted him in the crowd. 我在人群中认出了他。 vt. & vi. 弄上污渍 The fabric will spot easily. 这种织品很容易玷污。 n. 地点, 场所 Lets meet at this spot tomorrow. 明天我们就在这个地方见面吧。,Language Points,5. terrify vt. 使害怕,使恐惧 Speaking in public terrifies me. 在公开场合讲话让我感到害怕. Youll t
6、errify me out of my wits if you behave in this way. 你这样会吓死我的。 be terrified of 对.感到惊恐 The little child was terrified of being left alone in the big house. 小孩对独自留在这栋大房子里感到惊恐不已。,Language Points,6. block vt. 阻挡，堵塞（道路，管道） The accident has blocked two lanes of traffic on the freeway. 事故造成了高速路上两条车道交通堵塞. Th
7、e sink is blocked again.水池又堵了. 挡住（某人去路） I tried to get through, but there were too many people blocking my way. 我试图穿过去，可是太多的人挡住了我的路。block sth. off 封闭，封锁（道路） Exit 31 is blocked off due to an accident. 由于事故，31号出口被封闭了。,Language Points,7. estimate vt. 估计，估算 The committee did not estimate how much such a
8、 program would cost. 委员会没有估算这一计划会花费多少钱。 We estimate that over 75% of our costumers are women. 我们估计75%以上的顾客都是女性。n. According to a government estimate, the number of refugees is at least 18 million. 据政府估计，至少有1，800万难民。 A rough estimate is that vehicles cause about half the smog here. 粗略估计，这里的烟雾大约有一半是由车
9、辆造成的。 estimation n. In my estimation, he has been a great mayor.在我看来，他一直是一位了不起的市长。,Language Points Difficult sentences,If you ask people which animals they hate or fear for the most, chances are that youll hear the following: skunks, bats, snakes, rats and bugs. 此句为条件状语从句。主句为chances are that,该结构表示“i
10、t is likely that”，意即“很有可能发生”。 译文：如果要问人们最讨厌或最害怕何种动物，很有可能你会听到如下答案： 臭鼬、蝙蝠、蛇、老鼠和臭虫。,Language Points Difficult sentences,2. “Skunks are very fair,” Cheryl explains. “They always warn you before they spray.” warn表示“警告、告诫”，warn sb. about/of sth, 例如： She warned me about the broken chair. 她提醒我要注意那把破椅子。 You w
11、ere warned of the risks involved. 已经告诉过你可能有的风险了。 译文：“臭鼬是很公平的，” 雪丽解释说。“它们总是在喷射之前警告你。,Language Points Difficult sentences,3But skunks are very near-sighted and cant see more than three feet ahead. not/no more than表示“至多，仅仅”，例如： The house is no more than ten minutes from the beach. 那座房子离海滩至多10分钟的路程。 译文：
12、但是它们却非常近视，根本看不清前方三英尺的地方。,Language Points Difficult sentences,4. The reason is that the last few summers have been unusually warm, with more mosquitoes than usual. 几种表述原因的方法如下：Time pressure is a major reason for job-related stress. 时间压力是与工作有关的焦虑的主要原因。 The reason that the sports meeting was called off
13、 is because of the coming of typhoon.运动会被取消是因为台风就要来临。 One reason why students should study a variety of subjects is to become knowledgeable citizens. 学生应该学习各种课程的一个理由是要使他们成为有知识的公民。 译文：原因是过去的几个夏天变得不同寻常的暖和，蚊子比平常都要多。,Language Points Difficult sentences,5“People like the idea of getting rid of mosquitoes
14、 without using harmful chemicals,” says James. “Now, lots of people are inviting bats into their bat-chelor pads.” “bat-chelor pads”是双关语，因为bachelor pads是美国俚语“单身汉公寓”，把bachelor拆开，中间加一个字母t ，变成了bat-chelor，发音并没有改变，意思多了一层，产生了幽默效果。 译文：“人们喜欢清除蚊子而不用有害化学物质的主意”，詹姆士说。“现在很多人都愿意蝙蝠入住他们的蝙蝠公寓” 。,Part Two -Translatio
15、n methods,直译与意译 直译不是死译，而是指基本保留原有句子结构，照字面意思翻译。 意译也不是胡译、乱译，而是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下，为了表达的需要，对原文作相应的调整。,Part Two -Translation methods,词类转译在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐次对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能用“一个萝卜一个坑”的方法来逐次对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。词类转译的情况归纳起来有以下四种：,Part Two -Translation methods,一.转译成动词（汉语中动词用的多，在英语句子中往往只用一个谓语动词
16、，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或几个动词性结构连用） Eg. 1. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。,Part Two -Translation methods,2.I barreled straight ahead,across the harbour and out over the sea. 我笔直向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。 英语中表示知觉，情欲，欲望等心理状态的形容词，在联系动词后作表语时，往往可译成汉语动词。如：confident,certain,care
17、ful,cautious,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,doubtful,glad,sorry,ashamed,thankful,anxious,grateful,able等。,Part Two -Translation methods,二.转译成名词 Eg. To them, he personified the absolute power.在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。Stevenson was eloquent and elegant-but soft.史蒂文森有口才，有风度，但很软弱。,Part Two -Translation methods,三.转译成
18、形容词 Eg. 1. The security and warmth of the destroyers sick bay were wonderful. 驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖，好极了。2. The blockade was a success.封锁很成功。,Part Two -Translation methods,四.其他词类转换 A.形容词与副词的相互转译 Eg. 1.The film”Carve Her Name with Pride”impressed him deeply. 女英烈传这部电影给了他深刻的印象。2.This is sheer nonsense.这完全是胡说。,P
19、art Two -Translation methods,B.名词与副词的相互转译 Eg. 1. He is physically weak but mentally sound.他身体虽弱，但思想健康。2.The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。,Part Three Communicative Language,环保相关词汇： 城市垃圾无害化处理率 decontamination rate of urb
20、an refuse 垃圾填埋场 refuse landfill 垃圾焚化厂 refuse incinerator 防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation 森林砍伐率 rate of deforestation 水土流失 water and soil erosion 土壤盐碱化 soil alkalization 农药残留 pesticide residue 水土保持 conservation of water and soil 生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture,Pa
21、rt Three Communicative Language,全民义务植树日 National Tree-Planting Day 造林工程 afforestation project 绿化面积 afforested areas; greening space 森林覆盖率 forest coverage 防风林 wind breaks （防沙林 sand breaks） 速生林 fast-growing trees 降低资源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation 开发可再生资源 develop renewable resources 环保
22、产品 environment-friendly products 自然保护区 nature reserve 野生动植物 wild fauna and flora 保护生存环境 conserve natural habitats,Part Three Communicative Language,濒危野生动物 endangered wildlife 珍稀濒危物种繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center 水资源保护区 water resource conservation zone 海水淡化 sea water desalinization 保护珊瑚礁、红树林和渔业资源 protect coral reefs, mangrove and fishing resource 绿化祖国 turn the country green,
