1、作文类型,说明文(图表) 议论文 应用文 记叙文(略),四级写作题目要求考生撰写的段落大致可以按功能归纳为以下六种：1.描述现象、图画或图表(现象段)，2.分析危害(危害段)，3.分析原因(原因段)，4.给出建议(建议段)，5.陈述观点(支持或反对，观点段)、6.分析意义(意义段)。因此，如果考生学会撰写这六种功能段落，那么无论写作考试如何变化，考生只要按照写作要求去写相应功能的内容或段落即可。从近年真题来看，现象段、原因段和建议段这三种功能段落被考查到的频率较高，考生可重点准备。在考试时，建议将作文写成三段，其中中间段落为主体，在字数上应多于首段和尾段。,那考生该如何学习写功能段落呢？首先，
2、考生可以通过分析真题范文总结出各类功能段落的写作思路；其次，考生需要花大力气积累各类功能段落的常用句子表达。,说明文提纲:,描写现象 分析原因或危害 我们该怎么办,1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写， 2. 出现这种现象的原因是 3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为.,图表题 90.95.2000高校大学生使用计算机情况 描述变化 分析原因 遇到的困难或问题,说明文的结构,1开头段, 2主体段, 3结论段 特点: 开头: 描写一个社会问题或社会现象 主题: 分析原因,说明危害 结论: 建议,或措施.,开头段的方法,1. 背景介绍法 Nowadays, with the development o
3、f society, sth has become increasing serious. 其他常用词: common, popular 2. 数据法(图表) As can be revealed from the table,主体段,分析原因 : The reason for the phenomenon, which are obvious to all, can be listed as follow: First of all,nextthe last but not the least,. 说明危害: But sth really produces much harm. First,
4、second,结论段,In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken: for one thing,for another,2010年6月大学英语四级真题及满分范文 Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling 1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写， 2. 出现这种现象的原因是 3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为.,Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling,Nowadays, students attach
5、less importance to the spelling of words in the process of English study. This phenomenon greatly influences students writing and brings on worries among teachers.,There are possibly three reasons contributing to this phenomenon. First, exam-oriented education makes the students pay less attention t
6、o spelling. Second, some teachers should also be responsible for it because they dont emphasize the importance of spelling during teaching. Last but not least, some students are too lazy to recite words.,Since spelling is one of the most important factors in English study, due attention should be gi
7、ven to it. As for me, I think, first, exams should be modified to add some factors into it, which would help students pay more attention to spelling. Then, schools should also set effective mechanisms to help teachers as well as the students to realize the importance. Finally, for students themselve
8、s, they can, through other ways, make them be interested in word spelling. Only by these can we realize the importance of spelling and make improvement.,议论文,1有些人认为恋爱会促进学习 2有些人认为恋爱会影响学习 3你的看法,Love and study,It has been a topic for some time whether college students should choose love or study.Some pe
9、ople take it for granted that love provides motivation, while others reckon that love may hamper their study.Those people who hold the former opinion believe love can promote students study. There are many romantic love stories, which tell the couples progress together after failing in love. In addi
10、tion, some experience in love can be drawn.,However ,there are still others advocating the latter opinion because they hold that love may hamper students concentrate on learning. And ,they maintain that college students should exert all their energy to study hard. What s more ,love will waste studen
11、ts precious time. So college students should focus on their study instead of love.,As for me, my favor goes to the former opinion. For one thing, a true lover will never stand aside while other falls behind in study. For another, love brings us pleasure and motivation for better achievements .For in
12、stance ,most love stories on campus are developed on the basis of mutual help in study. Therefore ,as is stated above , love and study do not contradict each other , and love can promote our study .,2009年6月20日英语四级写作试题及范文 作文题目 1、越来越多的博物馆对公众免费开放 2、有人认为是会造成不利影响， 3、我的看法是,Nowadays, an increasing number o
13、f museums are open to the public with free admission. The reason for it lies in the fact that the government has been attaching great importance to provide more opportunities for citizens to get access to the knowledge world.,However, the opener attitude of museums may also bring some problems as we
14、ll. For one thing, with more visitors, there is possibility that displays of the museums can get damaged more easily. For another, it becomes a huge economic burden for museums to run as usual without any profits from the visitors.,As a university student, I am in favor of the free-admission conduct
15、. Yet some measures should be taken to solve the potential problems caused by it. For example, museums can make some regulations to guide the behavior of visitors or set some closed days for museums for regular maintenance. Only in this way can free-admission to museums become a long-lasting phenome
16、non and have sustainable development.,应用文,申诉信,A Petition LetterJuly 7, 2011,Dear Madam,I am willing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next semester. There are so many students in my dormitory, and I find the present arrangement inconvenient.,I must explain the reasons for my dissatis
17、faction is my roommates inconsiderate behavior. For one thing, their friends are constantly visiting them and they regularly hold noisy parties. For another, they sometimes use my things without my permission. Under these circumstances, I find it difficult to concentrate on my studies.,I am sure you
18、 will agree that the only solution for me is to move into a room of my own, where I will be free from such distractions. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me on campus.Sincerely YoursLi Ming,A campaign speech,1. 你认为自己具备什么条件(能力,性格,爱好等)可以胜任学生会主席的工作 2. 如果当选,你将为本校同学做些什么,
19、A Campaign Speech,Today I am very glad to run for the president of the students union. I am junior in Chemical Department. Since I came into the university, I have always been the monitor of my class. I have done a very good job for my classmates, and my classmates and my teachers all give me a good
20、 praise. I am good at communication and organizing. And I like to help others.,Moreover, I have a variety of hobbies, for example, basketball, football, ping pong, etc. I am sure that I am qualified for this position. If I become the president, I will try my best to do well. I will organize some sui
21、table activities for you. I will do many things for you to reach your demands as well. I am sincerely hope you will give me a chance, and please believe me that I will be a good president. Thank you.,07.6,writing an announcement for welcome students to join a club1 社团活动的主要内容；2 参加社团活动的好处；3 如何加入社团。,We
22、lcome to join the English club! Do you have questions on how to overcome the difficulties in English learning? Do you want to know how to pass the College English Test? Do you want to improve your oral English? You will find out the answers from our activities.,The activities in English club will he
23、lp you to improve your oral English which can give you an advantage in job interview. As the proverb goes, practice makes perfect. We provide you the opportunity to practice your oral English. Some people complain of the minimum chance to open their mouth to speak. The chance is right in front of yo
24、u, so why hesitate?,If you want to join us, just call us at 02088888888 or send an email to , with personal information attached. And after two days, you will be a member of our club. So dont hesitate, join us!,近年来四级作文出题规律,1. 出题内容-“小” 四大类型（社会热点、校园生活、个人生活和常识） 03.9 同学生病, 04.1 给表弟写信选专业, 04.6 欢迎来所在城市玩,
25、05.1 学生会主席竞选 05.6 祝贺教师节,2. 作文结构-“变” 往年议论文为主,提纲类似: (1)有人认为, (2)有人认为, (3)我的观点. 容易形成模板作文. 现在多为描述原因现象,文章结构不固定,正反阐释题型模板,95.6 1.有人认为放鞭炮是好事,为什么? 2.有人认为放鞭炮是坏事,为什么? 3.我的看法 00.6-英语口语考试? 99.6-读书要有选择?还是博览群书?,开头段 引入 There is no consensus of opinions among people as to whether firecrackers should be banned or not
26、. (争论的焦点) Some people are of the view that (观点1), while some people take an opposite stand, firmly believing that (观点2).,中间段: 分析两个看法 Those people who maintain (观点1) hold that (论据1). They also claim that (论据2).Nevertheless, the other people who contend (观点2) argue that (论据1). They also point out that
27、 (论据2).,结束段: 我的看法 As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, (论据1). For another, (论据2). When all the factors are examined, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that ,From the above discussion, I have to admit that there are merits to both sides of the i
28、ssue. However, I would like to take a more neutral position. On the one hand, (针对观点1,相关措施及建议); on the other hand, (针对观点2,相关措施及建议).,06.12,许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会 但有些人提出取消春节晚会 我的看法,The approach of the Chinese Lunar New Year poses a national issue concerning the necessity of holding the CCTV Spring Festival Ga
29、la. Its established status is being challenged by a growing number of people, especially by younger generations. It is increasingly difficult to cater for all tastes.,Some individuals deem that it should be canceled or replaced by other programs. These young people focus their attention on other for
30、ms of celebration instead of immersing themselves in TV. Despite that, the majority of mid-aged people and senior citizens uphold the importance of the traditional performance.,The most striking feature of this gala is its traditionally close link with ordinary peoples lives. Most of people view thi
31、s gala as an annual staple on the traditional Chinese Spring Festival Eve. They all have a restless night and glue their eyes on the television.,I am not supportive of the view that the grand gala should be abandoned. Undoubtedly, it plays a vital role in the celebration of Chinese New Year. To incr
32、ease its appeal and meet young adults need, the upcoming performance should invite some big names including super stars from Hongkong and Taiwan. We are all eagerly anticipating this unforgettable evening show.,3. 命题方式-“稳” “提纲作文” 优点: 体现了文章的层次,规定各段内容, 缺点: 审题不当,容易丢分.限定性大,如不熟悉内容和相关词汇, 难以下笔.,4. 对我们的启示:
33、现在多为描述原因现象,文章结构不固定 仍可借鉴议论文写作结构. 结构(段落): 主题句+1, 2, 3,面临困难及对策,一.无话可写.-简单思维 教师节 1.祝贺 2.一件难忘的事 An unforgotten example can easily found yesterday (主题句). In the morning, And then, Finally,3.报答关爱 From the above, I strongly feel that something meaningful should be done for his kindness (主题句). (1),(2), (3),.,二. 表达困难-简单表达 这个东西不贵. 三. 段落内容混乱-套用议论文套路 主题句+1,2,3. 每段第一句是主题句,后面三个是连接词,再接相应描述. 中心突出,层次分明,省去构思结构麻烦.,得分技巧,卷面整洁,文理通畅,主题明确,层次分明,开头精彩,句式灵活,少犯错误.,
