1、1,2,专题 听力理解,4,四级听力一般技巧,学会取舍，理解内容 扫视材料，预测内容 注重首句，抓住主旨 简单记录，便于辨认 连贯记忆，准确推理,5,题型,短对话： 8个，每个分值占1%，共8%； 长对话： 2个，每段后分别对应3-4个选择题，共7题，每个分值占1%，共7%； 短文独白：3段（每篇150字左右），前两段后各3-4个选择题，共10题，每个分值占1%，共10%； 复合式听写：11空，其中8空填词，三空填写句子；填词部分每空分值0.5%,句子部分每空2%，共计10%。,6,1. 短对话short conversation,即一男一女每人一句的对话，然后出现一个旁白音根据两人所说的对话
2、提出一个问题。 特点：相对简单；问题短；出题方向固定 对策：1. 预测选项，在读direction 部分，迅速浏览选项 4-5题。在题与题之间的时间间隔为10秒，5秒做题，5秒看下题。 出题方向：同义替换；考查细节；转折,7,同义替换题,即某个选项里的短语录音没有提到过，但是和录音中的某个短语是可以互换的，意思等同，那答案多半就是这个选项（因为一般不会把原句原词写出来让你选择）。,8,2010年6月14题. A)The talks can be held any day except this Friday. B)He could change his schedule to meet Joh
3、n Smith. C)The first-round talks should start as soon as possible. D)The woman should contact John Smith first.原文W: What time would suit you for the first round talks with John Smith? M: Well, you know my schedule. Other than this Friday, one day is as good as the next. Q: What does the man mean?,9,
4、08年6月14题 14. A) Review the details of all her lessons. B) Compare notes with his classmates. C) Talk with her about his learning problems. D) Focus on the main points of her lectures. 原文： M: Have you taken Professor Yangs exam before? Im kind of nervous. W: Yes. Just concentrate on the important ide
5、as shes talked about in the class and ignore the details. Q: How does the women suggest the man prepare for Professor Yangs exam？,10,08年6月17题 14. A) Attending every lecture. B) Doing lost of homework. C) Reading very extensively. D) Using test-taking strategies. 原文： M: Im really surprised you got an
6、 A on the test. W: Now you know why I never missed a lecture. Q: What contributes to the womans high score？,11,07年6月15题 A) She seldom reads books from cover to cover. B) She is interested in reading novels. C) She read only part of the book. D) She was eager to know what the book was about.原文： M: Hi
7、, Susan! Have you finishing reading the book professor Johnson recommended? W: Oh, I havent read it through the way I read a novel. I just read a few chapters which interested me. Q: What does the woman mean?,12,细节推断题 即通过对话中的细节推断说话人的含义或意图（关键语法句型 ）。,08年6月11题 A) Give his ankle a good rest. B) Treat hi
8、s injury immediately. C) Continue his regular activities. D) Be careful when climbing steps. 原文： M: Today is a bad day for me. I fell off a step and twisted my ankle. W: Dont worry, usually ankle injuries heal quickly if you stop regular activities for a while. Q: What does the woman suggest the man
9、 do?,13,2010年6月15题. A)He understands the womans feelings. B)He has gone through a similar experience. C)The woman should have gone on the field trip. D)The teacher is just following the regulations 原文W: I was so angry yesterday! My biology teacher did not even let me explain why I missed the field t
10、rip. He just wouldnt let me pass! M: That doesnt seem fair. Id feel that way too if I were you. Q: What does the man imply?,14,07年12月11题 She used to be in poor health. She was popular among boys. She was somewhat overweight. She didnt do well at high school. 原文 M: I ran into Sally the other day. I c
11、ould hardly recognize her. Do you remember her from high school? W: Yeah, she was a little out of shape back then. Well, has she lose a lot of weight? Q: What does the woman mean?,15,07年6月16题 A) She was absent all week owing to sickness. B) She was seriously injured in a car accident. C) She called
12、to say that her husband bad been hospitalized. D) She had to be away from school to attend to her husband. 原文： M: Jane missed class again, didnt she? I wonder why. W: Well, I knew she had been absent all week. So I called her this morning to see if she was sick. It turned out that her husband was ba
13、dly injured in a car accident. Q: What does the woman say about Jane?,16,08年6月的第12题12. A) On a train. B) On a plane. C) In a theater. D) In a restaurant. 原文：W: May I see your ticket, please? I think youre sitting in my seat.M: Oh, youre right. My seat is in the balcony. Im terribly sorry. Q: Where d
14、oes conversation most probably take place?,17,转折题,即一人先提出一件事情，另一方则先表示认同，继而用but，however等这种表转折的连接词再谈及对立面，让考生推断第二人话里的含意，此类题通常都要选择否定的答案。,18,2010年6月11题. A)He has proved to be a better reader than the woman. B)He has difficulty understanding the book. C)He cannot get access to the assigned book. D)He canno
15、t finish his assignment before the deadline. 原文W: Just imagine! We have to finish reading 300 pages before Monday! How can the professor expect us to do it in such a short time? M: Yeah, but what troubles me is that I cant find the book in the library or in the university bookstore. Q: What does the
16、 man mean? 16和18题都运用了“but后面有考题”的听力技巧,19,08年6月18题 A) The digital TV system will offer different programs. B) He is eager to see what the new system is like. C) He thinks it unrealistic to have 500 channels. D) The new TV system may not provide anything better. 原文： W: Have you heard about the new digi
17、tal television system? It lets people get about 500 channels. M: Yeah. But I doubt theyll have anything different from what we watch now. Q: What does the man mean?,20,06年12月12题 A) Shell have some chocolate cake. B) Shell take a look at the menu. C) Shell go without dessert. D) Shell prepare the din
18、ner. 原文： M: What would you like for dessert? I think Ill have apple pie and ice cream. W: The chocolate cake looks great, but I have to watch my weight. You go ahead and get yours. Q: What will the woman most probably do?,21,问题设置,问对话发生的地点或对话男女之间的关系 1. Where does the conversation most probably take p
19、lace? 2. What is probable relationship between the two speakers? 问“是什么、要什么、讨论什么、什么种类“等 1. What are they talking about? 2. What kind of books does the man want to borrow? 3. What does the man suggest . to do? 问做什么 1. What does the woman suggest the man do? 2. What will the man do first? 3. What will
20、happen if John fails the exam?,22,问题设置,从对话里可以获得什么信息或结论 1. What do we learn from the conversation? 2. What do we learn about.from the conversation? 3. What can be inferred from the conversation? 问对某人某事有什么看法 1. What does the man think of /say about(a certain person)? 2. What does the woman think of (t
21、he plan, the lecture, the house.)? 问什么含义 1. What does the man/woman mean? 2. What does the man/woman imply?,23,问题设置,其他 1. Why is the man late? 2. How does the man feel about the film? 3. How many rooms does they need? 4. How long it takes from .to .? 5. When did the plane arrive actually?.,24,短对话听力的
22、一些原则,1推理原则：一般需对对话进行推理，故直接在对话中听到的一般不是正确答案。 2挫折原则：通常要办的事情都是不顺利的（如买东西买不到，订房间客满等） 3男女原则：一般男生比较衰，女生比较牛。男生提出的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的。 男生的特征：脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家 女生的特征：爱干净、节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成绩都很好 4父母一般只有一个作用教育子女好好学习 5除了父母教育子女外，家里（包括朋友家，阿姨家等等）发生的事情一般是不考的，故遇到地点推测题类似 at home / at
23、Marys home之类的选项一般都是不对的。 6四级听力短对话只考日常生活学习中遇得到事情，问题，故如果选项中出现一些日常生活中不太可能发生或很少发生的事情一般不会是正确选项,25,2. 长对话long conversation,先纵后横 纵：确定主题：首先通读每篇后的3-4个小题，找出关键词，前后联系，预测全篇大致主题。 横：浏览选项，在仍有时间的情况下，通看各题选项，看看是否存在生词，总结长句的核心意思，以此预测考点和可能的答案。两步预测都要注意随时做出标注,划出关键词或简写长句的大意,因为单凭记忆在“高压“的听力考试中是万万靠不住的。以2007年12月Conversation Two为
24、例: 23. A) She is thirsty for promotion. B) She wants a much higher salary. C) She is tired of her present work. D) She wants to save travel expenses.,26,首先通过promotion, salary和work可得出本对话的大致主题是有关职业,再联系两次出现的wants,想到或许与求职有关,并顺理成章地想到可能会谈到离职的原因、新职位的性质以及薪酬等等。这就是上面所说的“先纵“。 此后我们可对选项中较长的词语做标注,如下划线所示。通过听录音我们发现
25、本题答案的对应信息在原文中是“Im fed up with my job.“, 正是“tired of“的同义置换。这就是上面所说的“后横“。 可见,事先标注关键信息,可让我们在听时将注意力集中到更小的“点“,起到事半功倍的效果。,27,解题四原则,开头原则：即第一题一般在开头部分； 问答原则：即回答的内容往往是答案所在； 转折原则：即转折词后的内容为重要内容； 顺序出题原则：即出题的顺序跟对话的先后顺序一致，只需一道道往下做，不要听前面录音的时候看后面的题目,28,开头原则,即每个对话后的第一道题一般在开头部分出题。 07年12月23题，问题是Why is the woman trying
26、to find a new job? 录音第1句W: Oh, Im fed up with my job. 便 直接告诉了我们她很厌烦目前的工作，因此选C She is tired of her present work. 08年6月23题，第1句Miss Jones，could you tell me more about your first job with hotel marketing concepts?即可得知该对话与工作有关，而且第二说话人的第一份工作与饭店营销有关，再由第二人的回答即可得知她的第一份工作是市场顾问，答案非常明显。,29,问答原则,即回答的内容往往是答案所在 07
27、年12月25题问题是What are the key factors that determine the salary of the new position? A) lively personality and inquiring mind.B) Communication skills and team spirit.C) Devotion and work efficiency.D) education and experience.对应的原文是W: By the way, what about salary? M: Its said to be negotiable. It depe
28、nds on the applicants education and experience.,30,“转折原则”,即转折词后的内容为重要内容, 如however，but，in contrast等。 07年12月19题， What does the woman say about her passport? A) She has packed it in one of her bags. B) She is going to get it at the airport. C) She has probably left it in a taxi. D) She is afraid that s
29、he has lost it.对应的原文是 W: I know, havent lost it. Ive packed it, but I cant remember which bag its in.,31,“顺序出题原则”,即出题的顺序跟对话的先后顺序一致，只需一道道往下做，不要听前面录音的时候看后面的题目。,32,3. 短文独白(Passage),本部分体裁多为叙述体，题材主要是讲述自己或他人的经历或故事（08年P2继母，P3经营花店的故事；07年12月P2一位女强人的故事）。 社会科学，题材主要涉及其他国家的历史人文，风俗传统（06年6月P1希腊人在人们死后怎么埋葬；06年6月P2美国
30、饮食的多样化） 自然科学，题材主要是新事物，新技巧的研究成果及利用；医学或跟人健康相关的话题（06年12月P2学生缺少睡眠的影响及对策；06年12月P3感冒病毒的多样化；05年12月P1阿司匹林药物对做心脏手术的病人的帮助）,33,出题原则,听即原则：所听即所得，听到什么就选什么（正好与短对话相反，短对话时听到的一般不选） 重读原则：某单词被反复读到或是在语音上加以重读，因引起重视如果选项中出现很可能是正确答案 开头原则：第1-2句话往往是全文的核心概括，也往往是第一题的出题点，基本所有的短文的第一题的答案都在头两句内。而且这个内容在后面却可能不再提及，因此一定要“快热”。出题顺序一般与行文顺
31、序相同除了部分说明文 转折原则：凡出现表示转则的词如：but ,however, yet, while 等，后面的句子往往是考点，要引起重视 因果原则：凡出现表示原因，目的的很有可能是考点如：because so as 等词前后要着重听,since, because, for, as, thanks to, owing to, due to 表达观点原则: he said, thought, explained, complained, realized, recognized, claimed, it was said,34,时间地点原则: at airport, when his fath
32、er died, at morning/afternoon/evening, in 1997 列举举例原则: firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally, consequently, on one hand, on the other hand 概括性选项比细节性选择正确率高原则: 四个选项中选概括性高的选项； 主题原则：主题一般出现在段落的头尾部分，所以要集中精力听清前三句话和最后两句话 光明原则：事情一般都是向着好的方面发展的，主人公多数是大难不死的，事情总是逢凶化吉，绝处逢生的 男女原则：同短对话 穷学生原则：学生一般都是比较穷的，不能继续学业一般都是因为经济
33、原因，因为穷一般还比较喜欢DIY一些东西。喜欢淘便宜货，喜欢让人打折,35,抓住录音第一句话,第1-2句话往往是全文的核心概括，也往往是第一题的出题点，基本所有的短文的第一题的答案都在头两句内。而且这个内容在后面却可能不再提及，因此一定要“快热”。,36,开头原则,05年6月29题Where is pie-eating usually held? In a fast-food restaurant. At a shipping center. At a county fair. D) In a bakery. 对应的原文第一句是County fairs are a tradition in N
34、ew England towns. They offer great entertainment. One popular event is the pie-eating contest.,37,转折词、因果词,如while，but，however，because, for, as, thanks to, owing to, according to等等 08年6月30题What brought the father closer to his own children? His advanced age. His childrens efforts. His improved financi
35、al condition. D) His second wifes positive influence. 对应的原文是It was because of our other mother, daddys second wife, that he became closer to his own children.,38,时间词,如when, then, as, at that time, since, in one morning/afternoon/evening, in 1997等等。 08年6月33题 What was the speaker doing when the custom
36、er walked in one morning? Planting some trees in the greenhouse. Writing a want ad to a local newspaper. Putting up a Going Out of Business sign. Helping a customer select some purchases. 对应的原文Then one morning, as I was hanging out “Going Out of Business” sign at the greenhouse, the door opened and
37、in walked a customer. A 07年12月30题也是此类。,39,观点、态度词,如he says/said/explains/thinks/thought, it is/was said that, 08年6月27题 What does the speaker say about our ancestors? They were just as busy as people of today. They saw the importance of collective efforts. They didnt complain as much as modern man. Th
38、ey lived a hard life by hunting and gathering. 对应原文是and complained about how little time they had to paint battle scenes on their cave walls.,40,列举词,如firstly, secondly, finally, consequently, on one hand, on the other hand等等。 07年12月35题 What does the speaker say about students getting health insuranc
39、e in the country where they will study? They dont have to pay for the medical services. They neednt pay the entire medical bill at once. They must send the receipts to the insurance company promptly. They have to pay a much higher price to get an insurance policy. 对应的原文是On the other hand, getting st
40、udent health insurance in the country where you will study might allow you to only pay a certain percentage of the medical cost at the time of service and thus you dont have to have sufficient cash to pay the entire bill at once.,41,短文独白（语段题）的做题步骤,先预读备选项，从备选项推测文章的体裁和大致内容 根据出题原则和该类文章的重点大致推测考点可能出现的位置
41、听语段，尤其抓住标志词，确定考点 听问题，将原文的意思对应选项。 对应选项一般有四种情况按难度依次为 原词复现：选项中的用词和原文完全一样 同义复现：选项中用一个同义词或词组替换原文中的词 近义复现：选项与原文意思相近，但换了一种表达方式 反意复现：选项与原文表达正好相反，但意思是一样的如：原文说如果怎样就会怎样，选项说如果不怎么样就会如何。,42,十大标志类词（very important） 据研究有90%以上的考点都是由标志词引导活提示的，因此在语段听力中听到下列标志词时要引起高度的重视，集中注意力听清标志词前后的句子。 1最高级标志词adj.,adv.最高级、most / chief /
42、 primary / main / leading 2唯一级标志词only / unique / prefer / every / one / of all / perfect 3因果项标志词 cause / lead to / contribute to / thanks to / owing to / question / answer / why / reason / 其他形式的问句 / 4转则项关键词 despite / in spite of / instead / while / from to / although （yet） / not only but also / 5序数项
43、标志词 所有的序数词（first , second）/ another / the other / next / last / in addition / on the other hand / 6时间项标志词when / how / today / as / before / after /since/then 7解释项标志词or / namely / in other words / that is / that is to say 8目的项标志词 to / for / 9总结项标志词all in all / in brief / at last / in summary / in sho
44、rt 10强调项标志词 副词：especially / particularly / almost / always / usually / 动词：show / remember / note / notice / say / pronounce / 注：一些简单得大家熟知的在这里就没有一一列出了比方像because ,so, but之类的，请大家自己补充总结。,43,实在听不懂的情况下要学会排除,一般来说比较概括的选项多半为正确答案 07年6月24题 What do we learn about the postgraduates enrolled last year in the woma
45、ns university? Nearly fifty percent are foreigners. About fifteen percent are from Africa. A large majority are from Latin America. A small number are from the Far East.如果没听清楚文章内容，就必须听清楚题目问什么，然后用common sense常识来判断正误,44,4. 复合式听compound dictation,听之前：pre listening 1对全文进行全局性预览：尤其是第一句（topic）最后一句(conclusi
46、on) 2 观察空格前后的特殊现象，判断词性，单复数，时态语态 单词部分 第一遍简写单词，不会的单词先空着。 第二遍听音辨词。 尤其注意：单词写完后也要结合原文检查一遍，看看单复数、时态等是否与原文一致。 如08年6月的听写题单词答案： 36. labor 37. ingredients 38. vital 39. individuals 40. engage 41. figures 42. generating 43. Currently,45,长句部分（3个句子，每句12-16词）,第一遍了解文章主题和大意，写下一些关键词； 第二遍尽量用自己的话把句子写完整，但不要犯太多简单的语法错误。
47、注意，本题的要求是可以听写下原句，也可以根据自己的理解用自己的话来写。 第三遍整体检查，进行补充和修改。,46,长句听写方法,1逐字逐句听写（适合比较简单的句子或比较牛的同学） 2听懂之后写句子大意，无语法错误（适合于比较长的句子） 比较常用的方法是判断这句话表达的是正面的意思还是反面的意思， 正面的意思尝试用 it is good / important 之类的句子改写 反面的意思尝试用 it is bad / harmful 之类的句子改写 3前后随便抄一句（反正空着也是空着，就随便写一句咯。Ps 因为阅卷老师只有答案没有考卷的啦。 对是肯定不对的但总比空着强） 4随便抄抄。不多说了，反正
48、做复合式听写不管听得如何最重要的就是死也不能空着！,47,长句听写要避免两点,1把句子写成一个个单词，把没听见的地方位置空出来。这个是绝对不可取的，老师看都不用看肯定扣分。因为这都不是句子嘛！ 2把句子的内容不断的涂改，搞的卷面非常难看。这个首先给老师的印象就很恶劣，然后如果有一点点错误本来可以扣0.5分，1分什么的，这下就说不定全部扣光了 所以不管对错都要把句子写成貌似像一个句子，要整洁不要涂涂改改，最好还没有语法错误。,48,长句如何速记,1省略虚词如：如冠词，助动词等 2遇到词组记每个单词首字母如 break down 就记作B D ，但一定要自己看得懂的 3长单词记前三个字母 如：ex
49、perience 就记作 exp 4符号记忆 如：more than 就记作” less than 记作 “” equal to 记作 “=”等等 5混合记忆 就是把上面几种方法混合起来用，还可以夹杂中文字等等 6随便记忆 如果实在一时想不出是什么词，就用拼音，音标或者读音相近的词先把他记下来。总之就是不管对错，先把大致读音记下来再说，然后等有时间再慢慢研究。 7无论采取何种记录方法最重要的原则是记得自己看得懂，待会能很方便的回想和复原出来。不要记得到时候自己也想不起来是什么东西。,49,听之后：after listening,全面检查和补全前面记录下的东西 1检查漏词 a 检查漏掉的：介词（
50、in on at ），冠词（a an the），代词( it this that ) b 漏词缀：漏掉单词前缀， 漏掉非谓语形式（“ing”），漏掉过去时态（最容易出错的是以下四个短语 decided to / surprised to / learned to / started to） 2检查错词 a 长单词容易发生拼写错误，要仔细检查一遍 b 短单词容易和同音异义词混淆 ，检查时要和上下文连起来看看意思是不是对 3检查大小写 人名 地名 国家名 时间名（月份什么） 节日名 书名 文件名 商标名 历史事件名 宗教名首字都要大写 句首单词首字母也要大写 4检查名词单复数，形容词、副词比较级最高级，动词事态，语态,
