1、大学英语写作讲座之一,基本表达 常用句型 写作八类精彩句型 作文开头部分 作文主体部分 作文结尾部分,主讲：刘丽莉,基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：,越来越： be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of 人们认为： it is generally(widely) believed(held/agreed) that 许多问题： a host of(a number of ) problems 引起人们注意： claim (call/attract) general(p
2、ublic/world/sbs )attention to sth. 意识到（事实/危险）： there is a growing awareness(realization) of(that), awaken sb. to the fact/danger 适应新的形势/变化： adapt(adjust/accommodate) oneself to new environment (change),基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：,接触各种思想/经历/问题： be exposed to new ideas(experiences/problem
3、s) 接触社会： come into frequent(close contact) with the world(society) 获得成功： get(achieve/accomplish) success 提出观点/建议： advance (put forward / come up with) the arguments(ideas / suggestions) 作出努力： make tremendous(persistent/sustained) effort to do sth., take great pains to do,基本表达(Basic Elements of Engli
4、sh Writing)：,影响学习/工作： interfere with studies(work) 产生影响： have(exert) a profound influence on ., have a dramatic(undesirable) effect on 较好地驾驭生活： be a better pilot of ones life 剥夺机会/权力： deprive oneself of the chance(right/opportunity) 取代旧的方式： substitute for(take the place of) the old way 采取措施： take ef
5、fective steps(measures) to,基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：,控制我们的环境： take(gain )increasing control over our own environment 躲避危险/挑战： shy(run) away from the dangers(challenges) 满足要求： meet(satisfy/accommodate) the demand of 补偿损失： compensate for(make up for) the loss(damage) 解释某现象： account for(
6、explain) the phenomenon 对很好的了解： have a better understanding(appreciation) of, have a new perspective on. provide(gain) an insight into,基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：,把某因素考虑进去： take sth. into account(consideration), give much thought to 品位人生/自由/青春： savor the life(freedom/youth) 培养对的信心： deve
7、lop(foster) ones interest(confidence) in 经历变化/困难/艰险： undergo(experience) great changes(hardships/experience) 表现出自信心等： project ones confidence(feeling/image),基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：,追求学习/职业： pursue ones academic interest(professional career) 学习知识/技术： pursue(acquire) knowledge(technol
8、ogy/skill) 被看作学习的榜样： be held up as a good example 交流经验/观点/知识： share experience(ideas/knowledge) 发挥/起到重要作用： play an (important/active/great) role(part) in 逃学/缺课/逃会： skip school(a class/a meeting),基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：,知识/经验丰富： rich in knowledge(experience) 确立/追求目标： set(pursue) a go
9、al(higher standard) 到达目标： achieve(accomplish/stain) the goal(aim/objective) 克服困难： overcome obstacles(difficulty) 面临危险/困难： be confronted(faced) with, be in the face of danger(difficulty 阻碍了成功： stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth,基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing
10、)：,阻碍了发展： hamper/impede/stunt the development of 持传统的看法： hold conventional wisdom 发表看法： voice/express ones opinion 持相反/合理的观点： take the opposite/fresh view 揭穿某种一贯的说法： shatter the myth of 求得帮助： enlist ones support/help,基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：,缩小差别： bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf (bet
11、ween city and country) 把成功/失败归咎于： attribute/own the success/failure to 对重要： be indispensable/important/vital to 施加压力： put/exert an academic pressure on 重视： assign/attach much importance/significance to 强调： place/put much emphasis/stress/value on,基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：,把注意力集中在： focu
12、s/concentrate ones attention/efforts/thoughts upon/on 提供机会/信息： provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb. 抓住机会： grab/seize/take the opportunity 得到机会： enjoy/gain access to an opportunity/information 有可能： there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that,基本表达(
13、Basic Elements of English Writing)：,展开竞争： compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of 开展运动： conduct (carry on/ undertake/ initiate/ launch/ wage) a (vigorous/ nation-wide /publicity/ advertising) campaign (for/against) 对我很有/没有什么意义： make much/little sense to me 带来无穷的幸福/满足：
14、be a source of happiness /satisfaction/ contentment/ pride/ complaint 献身于： devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career,基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：,大不（没什么）两样： make much(little/no) difference 真正重要的是： what really matters/accounts is 改变生活旅程： change/alter the course of life 建立在大量的学习/实践上
15、： built on tremendous amount of study/practice 进行调查/执行任务： conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment 辞去工作/学习： leave/quit ones job/work/school,基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：,参加考试/竞赛等： enter (for) the examination/contest/race 参加活动/讨论： take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/dis
16、cussion 影响思想/态度/事件的形成： shape ones thinking/attitude 进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业： enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals 实现自己的理想/愿望： realize/fulfill/achieve ones dream(hopes/wish/desire) 减轻压力/紧张： reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension,基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：
17、,提高社会地位： enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership 提高技术/能力： sharpen (increase/improve/enhance/boost) ones skill/ability 加快/促进发展： accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of 随着生活/社会节奏的加快： with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of mode
18、rn life/society 开阔眼界/兴趣： broaden ones interest/outlook expand(broaden/enlarge) ones mental horizons,基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：,有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决： contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of 有助于解决问题： go a long way to(towards)
19、solving the problem 迷恋分数/名利： be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune 把时间花/浪费在： spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth.,基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：,利用机会/技术： make (full/better) use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent
20、把知识/经验运用到： apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience to practice/daily life/good use 取得进步： make much progress/strides/gains in 充分发挥潜力/能力： develop ones ability/potential to the full, give full play to ones ability 充满激情/渴望： have a burning desire/a great passion for,精彩废话万能句,The rapid progress in scienc
21、e and technology has given a powerful shove-ahead to the productive forces of the world and the economic and social development of humanity. 科技的快速发展带给世界生产力和人类经济和社会的发展一个强劲的推动力 .can help one stand tall and aim far, broaden ones vision and give full play to ones intelligence and wisdom on the broad are
22、na of the modernization drive. 站的高看的远,开扩自己的视野,在现代化建设的大舞台上充分发挥个人才智 Lets join hands and work together to contribute a greater part to the harmony of our society. 让我们携手共同奋斗，为建设和谐社会作出更大的贡献！,常用精彩虚词,1. admittedly 应当承认: Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. 2. simply 简而言之: The answer is
23、simply money. 3. surely 肯定地: This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. 4. increasingly 不断增长地 While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.,常用句型,1. 表示原因1)There are three reasons for this. 2)The reasons for
24、 this are as follows.3)The reason for this is obvious. 4)The reason for this is not far to seek.5)The reason for this is that. 6)We have good reason to believe that.例： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly, peoples living standard has been greatly improve
25、d. Secondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。,常用句型,2.表示好处1)It has the fo
26、llowing advantages. 2)It does us a lot of good.3)It benefits us quite a lot. 4)It is beneficial to us. 5)It is of great benefit to us.例： Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit
27、 to us.,常用句型,3.表示坏处1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.2)It does us much harm. 3)It is harmful to us.例： However，everything divides into two. Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.,常用句型,4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、
28、可能 1)It is important(necessary，difficult，convenient， possible) for sb.to do sth. 2)We think it necessary to do sth. 3)It plays an important role in our life. 例： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business. Soon， computers will be found in every home，to
29、o.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.,常用句型,5.表示措施 1)We should take some effective measures. 2)We should do our utmost in doing sth. 3)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties. 4
30、)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with. 例： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it.,常用句型,6.表示变化 1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years. 2)A great change will
31、certainly be produced in the worlds communications. 3)The computer has brought about(导致) many changes in education. 例： Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek. Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain
32、to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.,常用句型,7.表示事实、现状 1)We cannot ignore the fact that. 2)No one can deny the fact that. 3)There is no denying the fact that. 4)However，thats not the case. 5)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. 例： We cannot ignore t
33、he fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards(危害) of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.,常用句型,8.表示比较 1)Compared with A，B. 2)I
34、prefer to read books rather than watch TV. 3)There is a striking contrast between them. 例： Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petrol(石油).Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least，they
35、 contribute to peoples health by giving them due physical exercise.,常用句型,9.表示数量 1)It has increased(decreased)from.to. 2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased) to 800，000. 3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January. 例： With the improvement o
36、f the living standard，the proportion(比例) of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased. 再如： From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.,
37、常用句型,10.表示看法 1)People have(take，adopt，assume)different attitudes towards sth. 2)People have different opinions on this problem. 3)People take different views of(on)the question. 4)Some people believe that.Others argue that. 例： People have different attitudes towards failure. Some believe that failur
38、e leads to success.Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor. However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category(种类) of losers. 再如： Do lucky numbers really bring good luck?Different people have different v
39、iews on it. 注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。,常用句型,11.表示结论 1)In short，it can be said that . 2)It may be briefly summed up as follows. 3)From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that . 例： From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessar
40、y，however， its method should be improved. 注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句;例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。,常用句型,12.套语 1)Its well known to us that . 2)As is known to us，. 3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about. 4)From the graph(table，chart)listed above，it can be seen that . 5)As a proverb(谚语) says，“Where there is a
41、will，there is a way. 例如： As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus.The reason for this is obvious. Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an“ivory tower”.As college students，we must get in touch with the worl
42、d outside the campus. Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate. 再如： Does it pay to be honest? This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it.,写作八类精彩句型,一)比较 1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 2
43、.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. 3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that. 4.It is reasonable to maintain that .but it would be foolish to claim that. 5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. 6.Like anything else, it has its
44、faults. 7.A and B has several points in common. 8.A bears some resemblances to B. 9.However, the same is not applicable to B. 10. A and B differ in several ways. 11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. 12. People used to think ., but things are different now. 13. The same is true o
45、f B. 14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks. 15. It is true that A . , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are .,写作八类精彩句型,二)原因1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).2. The answer to thi
46、s problem involves many factors.3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.4. The factors that contribute to this situation include.5. The change in .largely results from the fact that.6. We may blame .,but the real causes are.7. Part of the explanations for it is that .One of the most common
47、 factors (causes ) is that .Another contributing factor (cause ) is .Perhaps the primary factor is that But the fundamental cause is that .,写作八类精彩句型,三)后果1. It may give rise to a host of problems.2. The immediate result it produces is .3. It will exercise a profound influence upon.4. Its consequence
48、can be so great that.,写作八类精彩句型,四)批驳 1)It is true that ., but one vital point is being left out. 2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact. 3) Some people say ., but it does not hold water. 4) Many of us have been under the illusion that. 5) A close exami
49、nation would reveal how ridiculous the statement is. 6) It makes no sense to argue for . 7) Too much stress placed on . may lead to . 8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that . 9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that .,写作八类精彩句型,五)举例1) A good case in point is . 2) As an
50、 illustration, we may take . 3) Such examples might be given easily. 4) .is often cited as an example.,写作八类精彩句型,六)证明1) No one can deny the fact that .2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows .4) Recent studies indicate that .5) There is sufficient evidence to show that .6) According to statistics proved by ., it can be seen that .,
