1、,1. What does friendship mean to you?,Friendship means much to me. Its like a furnace in the cold winter when you are faced with difficulty and despair.,2. What should we do to maintain a friendship?,As far as Im concerned, trust is very important in friendship. In order to maintain our friendship,
2、we should trust each other, besides, wed better keep constant touch with our friends, in case we get alienated from each other.,The text is made up of four parts. Try to give each part a heading. The first has been given.,3-4,Loyalty: the most important quality.,5-7,Forgiveness: an essential quality
3、.,8-9,Honesty: a prerequisite of friendship.,How to Keep a Friendship,(1) Its one thing to start a friendship, but its quite another to maintain it. Even strong friendships require watering, or they shrivel up and blow away. Thats why it gets on our nerves when we read what George Bernard Shaw scrib
4、bled to his friend Archibald Henderson: “I have neglected you shockingly of late. This is because I have had to neglect everything that could be neglected without immediate ruin, and partly because you have passed into the circle of intimate friends whose feelings one never dreams of considering.”,(
5、2) Its so easy to take good friends for granted. And in a sense, we should. Like a comfortable pair of gloves, old friends wear well. But friendships that suffer from business and overfamiliarity cant afford to be neglected too long. They need renewal. If you want and need to keep true friendship al
6、ive and well, please, consider and think over a list of the most important qualities offered to help you. Probably it will help you to understand why you havent called up your best friend for ages, why you get embarrassed when asked “Who are you going to have fun with this weekend?” Like Shaw, you m
7、ay neglect your intimate friends from time to time, but if you fail to cultivate these qualitiesloyalty, forgiveness, and honestyyou cant expect to keep true friends.,Loyalty(3) The quality that tops the list in survey after survey of what people appreciate most about their friends is loyaltysupport
8、 that you always give to someone because of your feelings of duty and love towards them.(4) The famous maxim that “a friend in need is a friend indeed” is not the entire story of loyalty, however. A friend in triumph may be even harder to find. Isnt it easier to be a savior than a cheerleader for ou
9、r friends? It takes twenty-four-karat loyalty for a friend to soar alongside us when we are flying high rather than to bring us down to earth. Loyal friends not only lend a hand when youre in need, they applaud your successes and cheer you on without envy when you prosper.,Forgiveness(5) Important a
10、s loyalty is, our friendships dont always have it. Enter forgiveness. Every friend youll ever have will eventually disappoint you. Count on it. That doesnt mean that every offense of a friend requires forgiveness; some slights need only be overlooked and forgotten. (6) Too many good relationships fa
11、de because some slightsreal or imaginedcancel it out. Some people pout, brood, or blow up if their friend is not speedy enough in returning a phone call or if they are not included in a social event. They set such high standards for the relationship that theyre constantly being disappointed. They ca
12、nt let little things go, every minor lapse becomes a betrayal.,(7) By the way, forgiveness is a two-way street. Unless you are a saint, you are bound to offendintentionally or unintentionallyevery friend deeply at least once in the course of time, and if the relationship survives it will be because
13、your friend forgives. The friends we keep the longest are the friends who forgive us the most, and the essence of true friendship is knowing what to overlook.,Honesty(8) Honesty is a prerequisite to the relationship of true friends. “Genuine friendship cannot exist where one of the parties is unwill
14、ing to hear the truth,” says Cicero, “and the other is equally indisposed to speak it.” Does this require brutal honesty? Not exactly. It requires honesty that is carefully dealt in the context of respect. In the absence of respect, you see, honesty is a lethal weapon. Perhaps thats what caused Cice
15、ro to add, “Remove respect from friendship and you have taken away the most splendid ornament it possesses.” Honesty is not only expressed in words; it means being authentic. (9) True friends arent afraid to be honest and they arent afraid to be themselves. True friends follow Emersons advice: “Bett
16、er be a nettle in the side of your friend than his echo.” Translation: If you are afraid of making enemies, youll never have true friends.,如何维系友谊,(1)开始友谊是一回事，但维系友谊却是另一回事。友谊再深厚，也需常浇灌，否则便会枯萎凋零。这就不难理解为什么当我们读到萧伯纳写给朋友阿奇伯德汉德森的这几句话时会感到不安：“我最近忽略了你。因为我不得不忽略那些不关注也不会马上引发严重后果的事情，也可能是你已经成为我的好友，于是我特别容易忽略你的感受。”,(2
17、)我们很容易忽视我们的好友。而且在某种意义上，我们确实应该这样。好友就像一副舒适的手套，戴的时间久了自然舒适，但因忙碌和过于熟悉而被忽视的友谊无法长久。友谊需要维系。如果你想维系并且需要维系真正的友谊，请认真思考一下那些可以帮助你维系友谊的最重要的品质。也许这会帮助你理解为什么你和最好的朋友长时间不曾通电话，以及为何当你被问及“这个周末你和谁去玩?”时会感到尴尬。和萧伯纳一样，你可能会时常忽视你的亲密朋友，但如果你不培养“忠诚、宽容、诚实”这些品质，就别指望拥有真正的朋友。,忠诚(3)调查显示，人们在朋友身上最欣赏的品质是忠诚出于责任和关爱而给予朋友支持。(4)然而，“患难见真情”这句名言并不
18、能诠释忠诚的全部含义。成功时的朋友或许更难得。当救星可比为成功的朋友喝彩容易多了，不是吗？朋友在我们春风得意时能相伴共欢而非泼冷水，这需要百分百的忠诚。真正的朋友不仅在你患难时施以援手，而且在你成功时毫不嫉妒地为你鼓掌喝彩。,宽容(5)忠诚虽然可贵，在友谊中一直保持忠诚却很难。这时就需要学会宽容。毫无疑问，你的每一个朋友终究都可能令你失望。但这并不意味着我们要原谅朋友的每一次过错，有些微不足道的过错可以既往不咎。(6)太多的友谊经不起一些真实或臆想的小龃龉而至枯萎。有些人因朋友回电话不及时或未受邀参加某个社交活动而闷闷不乐或勃然大怒。他们对友谊要求过高，因而经常失望。他们太在意小事，以至于把每
19、个小疏忽都看作是对友谊的辜负。,(7)顺便说一下，宽容是相互的。人非圣贤，在与每个朋友交往的过程中，你必然会有意或无意地深深伤害到对方，至少一次。如果你们的友谊能够继续，那是因为朋友原谅了你。与我们维持友谊最久的朋友，必是原谅我们最多的朋友。如果你知道什么该忽略，你便掌握了友谊的真谛。,诚实(8)诚实是真正友谊的前提。西塞罗说：“如果一方不愿听真话，另一方也不愿说真话，那么真正的友谊便无法存在。”然而诚实一定要直言不讳吗？不完全是。友谊需要基于相互尊重的诚实。如果缺乏尊重，诚实反倒会成为致命的武器。难怪西塞罗要补充说，“若无尊重，友谊便失去了美丽的外衣。”诚实不只是语言的表达，更是真诚的体现。
20、(9)真正的朋友不怕实话实说，敢于直言不讳。真正的朋友听从爱默生的忠告：“作诤友，勿作顺友。”换句话说：如果怕树敌，你便永远无法拥有真正的朋友。,Because even strong friendships shrivel up and blow away if they are not watered.,1.Why do strong friendships require watering?,or they 否则， shrivel up枯干 ; 干瘪 blow away吹走；驱散 watering 浇灌,Because he had to neglect everything that
21、could be neglected without immediate ruin, and partly because his friend had passed into the circle of intimate friends whose feelings one never dreams of considering.,2.According to George Bernard Shaw, why had he neglected his friend?,neglected 忽略 Para2， This is because， 这是因为，,We cant expect to ke
22、ep true friends.,3.What will happen if we lack such qualities as loyalty and forgiveness?,缺少； 忠诚；原谅， 宽恕 para 3, but if you fail to, 如果不能， expect to 期望,Loyalty means support that we always give to someone because of our feelings of duty and love towards them.,4.What does loyalty mean in the text?,忠诚；
23、you may feel you should do sth, or have the responsibility to do ,Its easier to be a savior than a cheerleader for our friends. It takes twenty-four-karat loyalty for a friend to soar alongside us when we are flying high rather than to bring us down to earth.,5.Why is a friend in triumph harder to f
24、ind?,成功, Isnt it， 难道不是（原因）,Because they set high standards for the relationship.,6.Why are some people constantly being disappointed?,constantly ， 不断地 In Chinese, sometimes we say, “期望越大，失望越大“,The essence of true friendship is knowing what to overlook.,7.What is the essence of friendship?,essence ，
25、本质 would you please locate “ the essence of true friendship“ in para,Honesty that is carefully dealt in the context of respect is required to maintain friendship.,8.What kind of honesty is required to maintain friendship?,诚实，需要 Honesty is a prerequisite to，前提条件,If you are afraid of making enemies, y
26、oull never have true friends.,9.How do you understand “Better be a nettle in the side of your friend than his echo”?,作诤友，勿作顺友。 the last para.,shrivel up,The leaves shriveled (up) in the sun.,become or make sth. dry and wrinkled from heat, cold, or old age 枯萎,叶子在阳光下都蔫了。,Stop whistling! Youre getting
27、on my nerves!,别吹口哨了! 吵得我心烦!,get on ones nerves,irritate or annoy somebody 刺激或烦扰某人，令人不安,This has been known for ages but, shockingly, was forgotten in the case of Iceland.,尽管已为人所知，但令人震惊的是，冰岛仍旧忘记了这一点。,shockingly ad.,very surprisingly 令人震惊地,Apple would never dream of letting third parties preinstall ju
28、nkware on an iPhone.,苹果或许从未想过让第三方在iPhone上预装垃圾软件。,never dream of doing sth.,would never do sth. because you do not approve of it or think it is unpleasant 无论如何也不会做某事,In a sense, zero-cost distribution has turned sharing into an industry.,in one way 在某种意义上,在某种意义上，零成本分发使得共享成为一种产业。,in a sense,overfamili
29、arity n.,Young women disliked the overfamiliar tone he took with them.,excessively friendly informality 过分亲密,年轻的女人们不喜欢他对她们放肆的口吻。,renewal n.,Now its spring, a time of renewal.,the process of something growing again 恢复，重生,现在是春天，万物重生的季节。,call up,But inevitably, someone will call up and want to hire me.
30、,telephone someone 打电话,但是无法避免，有人会打电话说想请我做事。,cultivate vt.,try to acquire or develop (a quality, sentiment, or skill) 培养，养成（某种素质，情趣或技能）,She cultivated her mind by reading many books.,她博览群书, 修身养性。,forgiveness n.,The prisoner pleaded with the king for forgiveness.,the act of forgiving somebody, willing
31、ness to forgive宽恕，原谅,那个囚犯恳求国王宽恕。,top vt.,be in the highest position of a list 处于榜首,一颗星星挂在圣诞树顶上。,A star tops the Christmas Tree.,Liverpool finished the season at the top of the football league.,n. the highest part or point, the highest or most important rank or position 顶部，上端，最高的或最重要的级别或位置,利物浦队在该赛季足球
32、联赛中独占鳌头。,maxim n.,a rule for good and sensible behavior, especially one in the form of a saying 箴言，格言,请把此格言记在心里。,Please lay the maxim to your heart.,friend in need,friend in a difficult situation 患难之交,Collocation：,friend in-name-only,泛泛之交,friend in court,有势力的朋友,friend in distress,难友,friend in distre
33、ss,布衣之交,triumph n.,a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction you get from your victory or success 成功或胜利的喜悦和满足,在前进的道路上，我们坚信自由会取得最终的胜利。,We go forward with complete confidence in the eventual triumph of freedom.,be flying high,The firm has been flying high recently.,be having a lot of success 成功，情绪高涨,这家公司
34、最近一直很成功。,lend a hand,He will lend a hand if you really need it.,help someone do something, especially something that needs physical effort 帮助,如果你真的需要帮助的话，他会帮你。,applaud v.,The crowd applauded the performance for five minutes.,show approval of (sb./sth.) by clapping the hands 向（某人/某事物）鼓掌表示欢迎或赞赏,群众为演出鼓
35、掌五分钟。,prosper v.,The business is prospering.,be successful; thrive 成功；兴旺,生意兴隆。,count on,Dont count on a salary increase this year.,rely on sb./sth., especially in a difficult situation 依靠依赖或指望某人/某事物,别指望今年会加薪。,offense n.,Im sure he didnt mean to cause offense to you.,(act or cause of) upsetting or an
36、noying sb. 使（某人）不悦, 恼怒（的行为或原因），冒犯,我肯定他并非有意得罪你。,blow up,I was surprised at the way he blew up at his wife.,become very angry with someone 非常生气，发火,他对妻子发火的样子令我吃惊。,betrayal n.,Forgetting the past means betrayal.,the act of betraying sb./sth. or the fact of being betrayed 背叛，辜负,忘记过去就意味着背叛。,two-way street
37、 n.,Globalization is now a two-way street; in fact its an Indian street with traffic weaving in all directions.,moving or allowing movement in both directions, used to describe a relationship which needs effort from both the people or groups involved 双向道路,全球化如今是双向的道路；事实上，它是一条各方交通交织的印度街道。,are bound t
38、o,Savings are bound to fall as more people retire.,be certain to do sth. 一定做某事，注定做某事,越来越多的人退休必然使储蓄量下降。,essence n.,most important or indispensable quality of sth. 本质，精髓，要素,The essence of his argument is that capitalism cannot succeed.,他的论点的核心是资本主义不能成功。,in the context of,in the situation, events, or i
39、nformation that are related to something and that help you to understand it 根据上下文，考虑到某事物的背景或环境,In the context of the present economic crisis, it seems unwise to lower taxes.,鉴于当前的经济危机, 降低税率似乎不妥。,in the absence of,the lack of something or the fact that it does not exist 缺少，缺乏,In the absence of any ev
40、idence, the police had to let him go.,由于缺乏证据，警察只好让他走了。,lethal a.,causing or able to cause death 致死的，能致命的,In situation like this, she wishes she had a gun or some lethal weapon.,在这种情况下，她真希望自己有一把枪或什么致命武器。,follow ones advice,do what somebody advises you 听从劝告,Whatever the specific details are, theres on
41、e more good reason to follow your doctors advice.,不管具体的细节是什么，总之又多了一个很好的理由要听医生的话。,Read the following paragraph and learn it by heart. Pay particular attention to the pronunciation and intonation.,Honesty is a prerequisite to the relationships of true friends. “Genuine friendship cannot exist where on
42、e of the parties is unwilling to hear the truth,” says Cicero, “and the other is equally indisposed to speak it.” Does this require brutal honesty? Not exactly. It requires honesty that is carefully dealt in the context of respect. In the absence of respect, you see, honesty is a lethal weapon. Perh
43、aps thats what caused Cicero to add, “Remove respect from friendship and you have taken away the most splendid ornament it possesses.” Honesty is not only expressed in words; it means being authentic.,Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the box below to fill in the following blanks. Change the
44、 form if necessary.,1. With luck, you might cover your costs, but dont _it.,2. We must care for those_.,3. The company has been successful in _a very professional image.,count on,in need,cultivating,4. What he says is right_.,in a sense,5. The economy _under his administration.,prospered,6. If you d
45、ont_, you will suffer great losses in the financial crisis.,7. The Tower of London _the list of Londons most popular tourist attractions.,8. You are legally _to report the accident.,Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the box below to fill in the following blanks. Change the form if necessary.
46、,follow my advice,tops,bound,9. Jennys father _when she didnt come home last night.,blew up,10.Nick took her comment as a _on his abilities as a manager.,slight,The suffix -ly can be added to some adjectives or nouns to form adverbs meaning “in a particular manner”, “considered in a particular way”,
47、 or “to a particular degree”.,Language Focus V.,Extensions: more examples of this kind of suffix are: -wards (onwards, skywards, northwards), -wise (otherwise, clockwise, lengthwise). Change the form of the words below and put them into the following sentences properly.,1. Faced with the various dis
48、asters and severe diseases, we are _panicked and feel helpless!,shockingly,2. Take approximately 60mg up to four times a day, unless advised _by a doctor.,otherwise,3. A person traveling _sets his watch back at each successive time zone.,westwards,Language Focus V.,4. The time had come to drive the
49、goats_.,homewards,5. The White House _wont make this plan public until July.,probably,6. Greater government intervention in businesses would represent a step_.,backwards,7. He lent money, made donations, and encouraged others to do_.,likewise,8. He told the children to start moving _around the room.,
