1、,How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?,Gore Vidal Clarence Page Charles Krauthammer,Unit 6,How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?,Questions/Activities,Check-on Preview,Objectives,Unit 6,Warming up,How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?,Warming up,Discuss the following questions:What did you know about
2、 the drug problem before reading the essays? Why do you think people still take drugs in spite of the worldwide anti-drug campaigns?What do you know about the situation in China? Do you think the drug problem is serious? Side with one of the three authors and have a brief debate with your group memb
3、ers to see which author is more convincing.,Questions/Activities,Check-on Preview,Define the underlined words:the simple beauty (para. 16)a social sanction (para. 26) Paraphrase the following sentence:No one in Washington today recalls what happenedthe United States. (para. 6),Warming up,Objectives,
4、Learn about the different solutions to the drug problem and understand the pros and cons of each of them. Compare the arguments and find out their logical premises and fallacies. Learn how to argue coherently and convincingly by studying the techniques employed by the writers.,Warming up,Background,
5、History,Authors,Unit 6,How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?,1. Gore Vidalprolific American novelist, and essayistpolitical activist: Democratic-Liberal,The war on drugs has nothing at all to do with drugs. It is part of an all-out war on the American people by a government interested only in contro
6、l. Gore Vidal,Background,Authors,“Probably no American writer since Franklin has derided, ridiculed, and mocked Americans more skillfully and more often than Vidal.” (Gordon S. Wood, The New York Times, December 14, 2003) Gore Vidal was often pointedly controversial: he published comments on democra
7、cy, homosexuality, religion, and drug legalization.,Background,Authors,2. Clarence Pagecolumnist and member of the editorial board of the Chicago Tribune1972 Pulitzer Prize for a Chicago Tribune Task Force series on voter fraud1989 Pulitzer Prize for Commentary,Background,Background,Authors,3. Charl
8、es Krauthammera syndicated columnist: The Washington Post Writers Grouppolitical commentator physician conservative (neoconservative in foreign policy),Background,Background,Authors,Compare the three authors backgrounds and see if you can explain why they disagree with each other.,Background,Backgro
9、und,Authors,Prohibition in the United States (the Noble Experiment) 1840s, spearheaded by some religious denominations 1881, Kansas as the first to outlaw alcoholic beverages 1917, alcohol banned as mandated in the 18th Amendment to the Constitution 1919-1933, nation-wide movement, plagued by smuggl
10、ing and bootlegging 1933, the 18th Amendment repealed by the 21st Amendment,History,Background,Unit 6,How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?,What is the solution to the drug problem offered by Vidal?legalization rather than criminalization What then are his main arguments? The right to be informed co
11、rrectly (paras. 1-2) The right to choose (paras. 3-4) Sane people wont be addicted to drugs. (para. 5) A lesson from Prohibition (paras. 6-7) The government and the mafia have a vested interest in the criminalization of drugs. (paras. 8-10),Text Analysis,Essay 1,Structure of Essay 1,The right to be
12、informed sensibly How to inform people sensibly? Why will this require heroic honesty? Do you think this will work?,heroin,opium,ecstasy,speed,ice,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 1: Discussion,1. at cost (at cost price) Toms uncle is a car dealer and let him buy the car at cost.Cost+_ = selling price
13、 Translation 倾销是指用低于成本的价格进行销售，以将竞争对手赶出市场的行为。Dumping is the selling below cost to drive competitors out of market. 实话和您说吧，这差不多是成本价了。 To tell you the truth, its almost at cost price.,markup,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 1: Words and Expressions (1),2. kick/break the habit (infml) to stop doing sth th
14、at has been a habit for a long time, esp. a bad or dangerous habit The center provides help for addicts who have kicked their habit and want to stay away from drugs.Alex has kicked cigarettes, heroin, and booze.,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 1: Words and Expressions (2),3. (just) for the record Jus
15、t for the record, I didnt vote for him. For the record Id just like to say that I totally disagree with this decision.,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 1: Words and Expressions (3),20,The right to choose To choose what? The precondition of this right? Do you think that taking drugs belongs to this rig
16、ht?,right,right,right,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 2: Discussion,end up I wondered where the pictures would end up after the auction. end up doing sthMost slimmers on crash diets end up putting weight back on. end up withAnyone who swims in the river could end up with a nasty stomach upset. end up
17、 asHe could end up as President. end up likeI dont want to end up like my parents.,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 2: Words and Expressions,Sane people wont be addicted to drugs. Why? How to deal with people who are not sane enough? How can the forbidden fruit psychology apply to this argument? Do yo
18、u agree with this argument?,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 3: Discussion,1. it is too bad that it is a pity thatIt is too bad that the country had to go to war over the matter. 2. it is not too bad if It is not too bad if a man has some wild dreams.,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 3: Words and Expres
19、sions,A lesson from Prohibition Whats the lesson? Whats meant by “no public memory of anything that happened last Tuesday”? Why did the Congress feel it their “divine mission” to prohibit alcohol? The result of Prohibition?,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 4: Discussion,1. sth is forbidden to sb 那时任何外
20、国人都被禁止进入该地。 Entry to the place was then forbidden to all foreigners. 2. stamp out地方政府发动了一场运动来清除腐败。The local government has made a drive to stamp out corruption. 3. have/feel contempt for 我对这种不诚实的行为只有蔑视。I have/feel nothing but contempt for such dishonest behaviors.,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 4: W
21、ords and Expressions,The government and the mafia have a vested interest in the criminalization of drugs. How can this be? Why blame the government for the deaths? Why does the government have a vested interest in it? What is then Vidals real concern? The drug problem? Or individual freedom against
22、government control?,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 5: Discussion,1. get (sb) hooked on 根据最近的一份报告，八岁的小孩子就会吸海洛因成瘾。Children as young as eight years old can get hooked on heroin, according to a recent report. 小伙子是很容易喜欢上这种音乐的。 Young men can easily get hooked on this kind of music.,Text Analysis,Essay 1,A
23、rgument 5: Words and Expressions (1),2. have a vested interest in (doing) sth 美国南北战争以前，要废除奴隶制很难，因为奴隶主有既得利益。 It was difficult to end the system of slavery before the Civil War because slave owners had a vested interest in keeping it. 莫娜离开公司对他有利。He has a vested interest in Monas leaving the firm.,Text
24、 Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 5: Words and Expressions (2),wither awayto die out or disappear gradually 因为吸毒，她成为艺术家的希望逐渐幻灭。As a result of her drug addiction, her promise of becoming an artist withered away. 上了年纪的人抱怨说，在这个自由社会里，老的价值观念正在逐渐消失。Older people are complaining that the old values are withering a
25、way in this free society.,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 5: Words and Expressions (3),What is the solution to the drug problem offered by Page?Neither legalization nor criminalization will work. It is in facta social problem. What then are his main arguments? Legalization is oversimplified: proponen
26、ts arguments. (paras. 11-15) Legalizations failure: opponents arguments. (paras. 16-18) Criminalization is neither the right answer to this problem. (paras. 19-20),Text Analysis,Essay 2,Structure of Essay 2,Legalization is oversimplified: proponents arguments. 1. common wisdom: remove _ pumped into
27、the under-world reduce _ attraction take away _ tax the sale and use money to _ 2. “deep thinkers” Kurt Schmoke: _ Milton Friedman: _,immense profits,forbidden-fruit,criminal stigma,build more treatment centers,Prohibition of drugs is bailing out the ocean with a teaspoon.,Prohibition makes matters
28、worse.,Text Analysis,Essay 2,Argument 1: Fill in the Blanks,Para.11: Unfortunately, legalization sounds too good to be true. Para.12: It sounds good because it is simple Para.13: Deep thinkers Para.15: He was not alone in his sentiments. Para.16: The simplicityUnfortunately, the simple beautyhas an
29、ugly gaping hole.,Text Analysis,Essay 2,Argument 1: Transition,1. Satire/Irony: If you cant win the game, change the rules. deliciously convenient Deep thinkers 2. Understatement: sounds too good to be true and probably is. Quotation from authority: para.15,Text Analysis,Essay 2,Argument 1: Writing
30、Techniques,1. pumpinto to put a large amount of sth into, usu. at a high rate 特区政府未来五年在旅游业投入18亿美元以振兴不景气的经济。The SAR Government will pump $1.8 billion into the tourist industry over the next five years to help revive the sagging economy. 在考试前她极力向他灌输一些知识.She tried to pump some facts into his head befor
31、e the examination.,Text Analysis,Essay 2,Argument 1: Words and Expressions (1),2. bail out to remove water; to help sb out of trouble, esp. financial problems 我们不能指望政府帮助所有的亏损公司摆脱困境。We cant expect the government to bail out all the failing companies. be alone in (doing) sth 不是只有我一个人这么认为。I am not alon
32、e in thinking so.,Text Analysis,Essay 2,Argument 1: Words and Expressions (2),Legalizations failure: opponents arguments 1. What do the following people say? Prof. James Q. Wilson William Bennett 2. Interesting comparison: paras. 16 & 18 Do you find anything worth noting? What does your finding sugg
33、est for our own essay writing?,Text Analysis,Essay 2,Argument 2: Discussion,1. the beauty of sthThe beauty of e-mail is its speed and ease of use. 2. rebuttalmake a rebuttal of They made a clause-by-clause rebuttal of the letter.,Text Analysis,Essay 2,Argument 2: Words and Expressions,Criminalizatio
34、n is neither the right answer to this problem. Then what is the answer according to the author? The quick fix is illusory because The slow fix is illusory because,Text Analysis,Essay 2,Argument 3: Discussion,magic bulletTheres no magic bullet for school reform. quick fix Theres no quick fix for stop
35、ping pollution. Congress is trying to avoid quick-fix solutions.,Text Analysis,Essay 2,Argument 3: Words and Expressions,Questions for Discussion,According to the author, what is the ultimate cause of the drug problem? Do you agree? Does the author propose a possible solution to the drug problem? Wh
36、at solutions can you propose?,Text Analysis,Essay 2,What is the solution to the drug problem offered by Krauthammer?Deglamorization. Drug problem can only be solved culturally. What then are his main arguments? Is legalization a good solution? (paras. 21-26) What should we do? (paras. 27-31) Conclus
37、ion: four solutions. (para. 32),Text Analysis,Essay 3,Structure of Essay 3,Is legalization a good solution? 1. Whats the authors attitude towards legalization on the following issues?drug law enforcementcomparison: illegal drugs vs. alcoholrelationship between legalization and drug use 2. Is legaliz
38、ation a good solution?,Text Analysis,Essay 3,Argument 1: Discussion,1. to bootin addition; too; furthermoreIt was a long film and an uninteresting one to boot. 2. dwarfto be so big that other things are made to seem very smallShakespeare dwarfs other dramatists. 3. be here to stayTo legalize other d
39、rugs is to declare that the rest of the pharmacy is here to stay too.,Text Analysis,Essay 3,Argument 1: Words and Expressions,What should we do? 1. Why does the author mention smoking? changed image of smokers? measures taken? 2. We should do the same to drugs attitude towards the “Just Say No to Dr
40、ugs” campaign? What does he mean by “cracking down hard on users”?,Text Analysis,Essay 3,Argument 2: Discussion,1. project to try to make people see sth in a particular way他的第一项任务就是塑造格拉斯哥友好城市的形象。His first job is to project Glasgow as a friendly city. 2. crack down (hard) onto be strict in making a g
41、roup of people obey rules or laws他们正在严厉查处酒后驾车。They are cracking down hard on drunk driving.,Text Analysis,Essay 3,Argument 2: Words and Expressions (1),3. enough to go aroundenough to be shared among a group or to do all the things needed Eventually, we will not have enough water to go around.Are th
42、ere enough books to go around the whole class? 4. impose sanctions againstSome people propose to punish drug takers by imposing stiff sanctions against their propertyheavy fines and confiscation.,Text Analysis,Essay 3,Argument 2: Words and Expressions (2),5. throw into add sth to what you are sellin
43、g without increasing the priceThey offered me a weekend break in Paris, with free beer thrown in.,Text Analysis,Essay 3,Argument 2: Words and Expressions (3),Discussion,What is Krauthammers opinion concerning each of the four solutions?,Text Analysis,Essay 3,Reinforcement,Writing,Discussion,Unit 6,H
44、ow Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?,Do these different solutions represent different vested interests? What would you say about the content, structure and language of the three essays? How are the following methods used to support the arguments? logic/close reasoning facts statistics source of auth
45、ority commonsense experience basic principles,Reinforcement,Discussion,Believe it or not, many of the arguments can be borrowed comfortably for discussions on other issues. Can you take a position on one issue and defend your point with some arguments from the text? prostitution gambling smoking,Reinforcement,Writing,
