1、Revise the Infinitive,Unit 1 Grammar,Do you believe I can fly like a bird?,How can you believe I can fly like a bird?,_ is to believe. Its impossible for humans _ now.,To see,to fly like a bird,Marty says,2. I used to climb trees, swim and play football.,3. Then I started to get weaker and weaker.,H
2、ave A L k,Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.,4. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a nameand it is difficult to know what the future holds.,5. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so
3、my education suffered.,6. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I growup.,Marty says,Marty says,7. Last year I inventedand a big company has decided to buy it from me.,8. I also have to do a lot of work, especiallyif I have been away for a while.,9. Just accept them
4、for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.,不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。,不定式,动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive,1 主语 (subject)2 表语 (predicative)3 宾语
5、 (object)4 宾补 (object complement)5 定语 (attribute)6 状语 (adverbial) 7 独立结构 (absolute construction),1 不定式作主语 (subject),To keep smiling is healthy for you. Its important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English.,单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。,My job to protect the w
6、orld. Your task is to _.,is,2 不定式作表语 (predicative),Seeing is to believe.To see is believing.Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.,不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语。,All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.,如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。,Yao Ming likes to play basketball
7、. I find it still necessary (for him) to _ if he wants to win.,3 不定式作宾语 (object),句型：think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do,常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有： agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn
8、, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish。,4 不定式作宾补 (object complement),My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.,The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.,引导不定式作宾补的动词：,warn, tell, allow, help, ask, fo
9、rce等,+sb to do sth,listen to,hear,watch,五看,see,look at,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,一感觉:,feel,+ sb do sth （不带to）,1. They saw the boy fall suddenly fromthe tree.The boy was seen to fall suddenlyfrom the tree.,但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：,Mother made John wash the car fora week.,John was made to wash the
10、 car fora week.,不定式做宾补时不带to的情况,1 不定式在感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)后；,2 使役动词 ( let, have, make)后边作 宾补时, 省去to, 但是在被动语态中 要还原to；,3 不定式用在介词but, except, besides 后时, 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的 各种形式, 那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to。,1. She could do nothing but cry. 2. I have no choice but to go. 3
11、. What do you like to do besides sleep.,5 不定式作定语 (attribute),1. Kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear. 2. Tom has a nice pen to write with.,1. 不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后(a) She was very busy and had no timeto visit her friends.(b) Ladies and gentlemen, I havesomething important to tell you.,不定式作定语,
12、不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有 三种关系：,I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 He is always the first to come. 他总是第一个来。 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。,(1) 动宾关系,(2)主谓关系,(3)同位关系,2. 当名词被the first ,the last, the only 等词以及形容词最高级修饰时 eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.,3. something,
13、 anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,注意比较：,1) Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？,（不定式to send的动作执行者是you）,（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是 已被省略的me 或someone else）,4. 如果不定式是不及物动词, 则后面需适当的介词。Please pass me some paper to write_.,on,3. 也可用在have to do和the
14、re be句型中。,There is no one to take care of her.I have no jewelry to wear.,I got up early to _. You came here to_.,in order to, so as to, enough to, only to, too . to,catch the train,6 不定式作状语 (adverbial),在一些短语中也有体现,eg: He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.,1. 表示目的: to in order to so as to,不定
15、式作状语,2. 表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。,eg: Im glad / pleased to see you.We were surprised to hear the news.,so + adj. / adv. + as to do such + adj. + n. +as to do adj. / adv.+ enough + to do too +
16、adv. / adj. +to do,He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it.,3. 结果状语:,To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.,to be frank to be honest to tell the truth,7 独立结构 (absolute construction),1. It is good to help others. 2. It
17、 is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.,Identify its function.,(subject),(subject),(predicative),4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I
18、am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.,(attribute),(attribute),(object),(object),8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.
19、10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.,(adverbial),(adverbial),(object complement),动词不定式的时态和语态,to do,to have done,to be doing,to have been doing,to be done,to have been done,(1) They pretended not to see us.,(2) He pretended to be sleeping.,(3) She pret
20、ended to have known it before.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后。),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。),(4) Were happy to have been working with you.,(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前, 不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也 继续。),不定式的时态,不定式的一般式 to doI am glad to see you.He has decided to give her some money.表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作或状态同时或者几乎同时发生
21、，或是在它之后发生。,不定式的进行式to be doing,I am very glad to be working with you. He pretended to be working hard when his boss passed him. 表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动 作同时发生。,不定式的完成式 to have done,He happened to have seen the film before. The novel is believed to have beentranslated into Chinese. 不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作 或状态之前。,He
22、wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didnt get there in time. 表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划 hoped, promised, wanted, wished, expected, planned,He would like to have played the violin at the concert. 不定式的完成式在would like后边表示 未能实现的愿望。,不定式的语态,主动语态 to do 被动语态 to be done It is an honor for me to be invited to a
23、ttend the meeting. Everyone likes the hero to be praised.,We asked him to stay till the next day, but he refused to. Are you a teacher? Yes, and I have to be. What we want to do now is lie down and have a good rest. I didnt say anything but to make agesture.,省略to与省略do,1. prefer n. (doing) to n. (doi
24、ng) 2. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 3. would rather do 4. would rather + 句子（虚拟语气） 5. advise / allow/ permit/ forbid sb. to doadvise / allow / permit/ forbid) doing,固定词组和句型,几对易混淆的词组： stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事doing sth. 停止做某事 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事doing sth. 忘记已做了某事,remember to do sth. 记得去做某事
25、doing sth. 记得曾经做某事,The question is very difficult to answer.The problem is difficult to deal with.,1. 主语be +adj. +to do,能用于此句型的形容词有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome (使人疲劳的), interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.,主动形式表被动意义的不定式,The box is light enough
26、to carry. The river water is warm enough to swim in.,2. 主语+be +adj. + enough +to do,The books seemed too heavy to carry.The ice is too thin to skate on.,3. 主语+be +too +adj. +to do,1. Last summer I took a course on _.A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be madeC. how to be made dressesD. how dresses
27、to be made,课堂练兵,2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expectC. to be expecting D. expects 3. There are five pairs_, but I am ata loss which to buy.A to be chosen B to choose fromC to choose D for choosing,4. I find these problems are easy _.A. to be wor
28、ked out B. to work them outC. to work out D. to be worked them out 5. _ late in the morning, Bob turnedoff the alarm.A. To sleep B. SleepingC. Sleep D. Having slept,6. I would love _ to the party lastnight but I had to work extra hoursto finish a report.A. to go B. having goneC. going D. to have gon
29、e 7. John was made _ the truck fora week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washingC. wash D. to be washing,8. Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.A. so not as to B. so as not toC. so as to not D. not so as to 9. The patient was warned _ oilyfood after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not
30、C. not to eat D. not eating,1. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. (2006 广东卷)A. Having madeB. MakeC. To makeD. Making,实战高考,2. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) _birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.(2007 重庆卷)A. is said to be buying B. is said to
31、 have boughtC. had said to buy D. has said to have bought,3. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _.(2008 全国卷) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed,4. Did the book give the information youneeded? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2
32、008 北京卷) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding,5. David threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. (2009 上海卷)A. to be reported B. reportingC. to report D. having reported,6. With the world changing fast, we havesomething new _ with all by ourselves every day. (2009 重
33、庆卷)A. deal B. dealtC. to deal D. dealing,7. The children all turned _ thefamous actress as she entered the classroom. (2009 全国卷I)A. looked at B. to look atC. to looking at D. look at,8. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. (2010 全国I卷)A. b
34、uy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought,9. There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.(2010 江西卷)A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D .being discovered,10. We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition. (2010 辽宁卷)A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be fo
35、und,11. I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. (2010 山东卷)A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed,12. In many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _. (2010 四川卷) A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with,1 爱和被
36、爱都是最大的幸福。 _ are both great happiness. 2 据说他已经完成了他的工作。 He is said _ _. 3 根据报道他们已安全到达。 They are reported _.,To love and to be loved,to have finished/completed,his work,翻译下面的句子。,to have arrived safely,4 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。 I want this bike _ _. 5 玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。 Mary seemed _. 6 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。 He is know
37、n _ a gold medal at the Olympics.,to be repaired at once,to have been told about it,to have been given,/immediately,I want to tell you something .,Make up a short passage using the infinitive as much as possible. The beginning of the passage is given below.,For example,Hi, I want to tell you somethi
38、ng. I will go to Ruian for shopping this afternoon. Do you want to go with me? First, Id like to go to Kaitai Store. But to be frank, most of time I am there only to do some window shopping, because everything is expensive. Then, I plan to go to HongQiao,Road to buy some clothes. I like to try the new fashion style of this season. By the way, do you know anything to entertain us? If so, I cant wait to have a try! Why not come and join me?,Homework: 1. Revise the infinitive. 2. Finish the exerciseson P.P. 4-5.,Thank you.,
