1、Unit 6 How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?,Gore Vidal, Clarence Page and Charles Krauthammer,The Opium Wars,The Opium Wars, also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, lasted from 1839 to 1842 and 1856 to 1860, the climax of a trade dispute between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire. Br
2、itish smuggling of opium from British India into China in defiance of (公然蔑视) Chinas drug laws erupted into open warfare between Britain and China.,The result was,Warming-up Questions,How much do you know about the drug problem before reading the essays? Please list the names of some drugs?,Some regu
3、lar drugs,cannabis /marijuana,mrhwn cocainek()ken stimulants opiumpm heroinhern morphinemfin crack dolantindlntin “ice” “ecstasy”( XTC) eksts,大麻 可卡因 兴奋剂 鸦片 海洛因 吗啡 快克 杜冷丁 冰毒 摇头丸,heroine,大麻,杜冷丁（Dolantin),2. Do you know on which aspect that drugs have effects on people?,How do drugs work?,Drugs are che
4、micals or substances that change the way our bodies work. When you put them into your body, drugs find their way into your bloodstream and are transported to parts of your body, such as your brain. In the brain, drugs may either intensify or dull your senses, alter your sense of alertness, and somet
5、imes decrease physical pain.,3. Why do young people take drugs?,The practice occurs most among young people who are looking for new sensations. Many young people have tried drugs simply because they were told not to. They are likely to try what other people, especially their parents and teachers, ca
6、ll undesirable, just to be rebellious. Some young people begin to take drugs when they are in elementary school. Often their friends have persuaded them to do so. They are tempted by the excitement or escape that drugs seem to offer.,Many teens believe drugs will help them think better, be more popu
7、lar, stay more active, or become better athletes. Others are simply curious and figure one try wont hurt. Others want to fit in. A few use drugs to gain attention from their parents.,http:/ http:/ http:/ r u talking about?,那天坐公交车，一个阿姨和旁人聊天，满是炫耀的语气说：“我家孩子借读费2万呢。”另一个说：“戒毒所收费这么贵啊？”天朝特使,2018/10/16,Intro
8、duction,Background For decades, drug abuse(药品滥用) has been one of the most serious headaches across the world. The country that has been hit particularly hard is perhaps the United States, where a lot of young people took drugs as part of their rebellion against society in the 1960s. Indeed, drug-tak
9、ing was considered a sort of symbol of the youth culture at the time along with their advocacy of free love, civil rights for the blacks, womens liberation and the end of the war in Vietnam(越南).,The Hippie Movement,A hippie (or hippy) is a member of a subculture that was originally a youth movement
10、that started in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1960s and spread to other countries around the world. 在60年代的西方，有相当一部分年轻人蔑视传统，废弃道德，有意识地远离主流社会，以一种不能见容于主流社会的独特的生活方式，来表达他们对现实社会的叛逆，这些人被称为“嬉皮士”（Hippie），由嬉皮士参加的，以文化的反叛和生活的反叛为主要内容的反叛运动被称作“嬉皮士运动”。,2018/10/16,2018/10/16,Before long, however
11、, people, especially young people themselves, began to realize the terrible harm the drug abuse had brought to them. It not only enslave their minds and destroy their health, but also cause numerous drug-related accidents and crimes. Finally, the government had to respond. This was how the problem o
12、f “how to deal with the drugs“ came to be represented to the general public.,Today, the American society has generally reached the consensus that drug abuse has to be stopped. But people are devided in their opinions as to how the issue should be dealt with. The present text consists of three passag
13、es taken from three different essays written by three well-known authors, whose view reflect the different strategies people suggest they should adopt in combating drugs.,2018/10/16,Structure,Drugs I. Thesis: plausibility of legalization(para. 1) II. Reasoning(paras. 2-8) A. Rebuttal of the danger o
14、f a whiff of opium(para.2) B. The freedom to do what one wants(para.3) C. Rebuttal of the warning rumble that organization will lead us to end up a race of Zombies(para.4) D. A consequence of prohibition: making people want it more(para.5) E. The negative effects of the Prohibition(paras.6-7) F. The
15、 consequences of a slight reduction in the supply of marijuana(para.8) III. Conclusion: unlikelihood of legalization(paras.9-10),About the Authors,Gore Vidal(1925-2012): Profilic American novelist, playwright and essayist one of the greatest stylist of contemporary American prose. Clarence Page(1947
16、-): Pulitzer Prize winner; columnist(专栏作家) and member of the editorial board of the Chicago Tribune since 1984. Twice a week, he addresses, with passion and style. Charles Frauthammer(1950-): Pulitzer Prize winner; prominent political commentator and syndicated columnist with columns in The Washingt
17、on Post, Time magazine, and other publications. In 2006, he was named Americas most influential columnist by the Financial Times.,Gore Vidal,Detailed Discussion,1. Simply make all drugs available and sell them at cost.(para.1) Just make al drugs easy to get and sell them without profit. simply: used
18、 for emphasizing that what you are saying is nothing more than what you say it is, e.g.: I didnt go to the movie simply because I didnt like the way they promoted it. at cost: for only the amount of money that is needed to make or get sth, without making any profit.,at a cost/at what cost: used to s
19、ay that it may not have been worth doing sth because so much has been lost or damaged as a result, e.g. The enemy finally took the city, but at a heavy cost. at the cost of sth: at the expense of losing or sacrificing sth. I dont think you should work so hard at the cost of your health. at all cost/
20、 at any cost: used for saying that sth must be done, however difficult it is or however much damage it causes. We were instructed that the mans life be saved at all cost.,2. Label each thing with a description of what effect the drug will have on the taker.(para.1) lable sth with: to fix a label on
21、sth; to write information on sth. e.g.: Each bottle of her homemade jam is labeled with the ingredients. The secretary labeled each file with its contents. “taker“-“addict“,3. This will require heroic honesty.(para.1) It requires courage to tell the truth because many people have vested interest(既得利
22、益) in creating the myth.,4. Dont say that marijuana is addictive and dangerous when it is neither-unlike “speed“, which kills most unpleasantly, or heroin, which is addictive and difficult to kick.(para. 1) Dont exaggerate the harmful effect of marijuana. It is neither addictive nor dangerous, as it
23、 is often described. Differentiate it from“speed“ and heroin. “Speed“ causes death while heroin is difficult to stop using once a person is addicted to it. marijuana: the most widely used drug among young people.More than one out of ten of the population in the US have tried it. speed: a form of amp
24、hetamine(安非他命), used by some doctors to help patients lose weight, because it depresses the appetite(胃口).,to give up;to break(a bad habit),5. For the record, I have tried almost every drug and liked none, diapproving the popular theory that a whiff of opium will enslave the mind.(para.2) for the rec
25、ord: declared openly and officially so as to make known ones disagreement, e.g. For the record, I find parents are naking a big mistake imposing their values on their children. a whiff of sth: a small amout of sth; a slight sign or feeling of sth, e.g. a whiff of onion/fear/scandal/hypocrisy/success
26、,2018/10/16,ensalve the mind: to affect people to the extent that they will lose control over their own minds,2018/10/16,6. Along with exhortation and warning, it might be good for our citizens to recall that the United States was the creation of men who believed that.as long as he does not interfer
27、e with his neighbours pursuit of happiness.(para.3) along with: in addition to; in the same way as sb. it might be good to do sth: used for making a suggestion or giving advice interfere with: to prevent sth from succeeding or from being done as planned 在告诫与警告的同时，或许我们的公民还应当回顾一下我们的立国先贤的教导：每个人都有权利按照自己
28、的意愿安排各自的生命，只要他们不妨碍别人对幸福的追求。,2018/10/16,7. Now one can hear the warning rumble begin: if everyone is allowed to take drugs everyone will and we shall end up a race of Zombies.(para.4) rumble:(the voices opposing legalizing drugs) loud sound end up: to be in a particular place or state after doing sth
29、 or because of doing it If you dont change, you will end up a criminal.,2018/10/16,8. Alarming thought. Yet, it seems.to be like.(para.4) in advance: beforehand; ahead of time 事先，预先 This sound frightening. However, this is not likely to happen, because no sensible person will become addicted to drug
30、s if he or she knows beforehand what harmful effects addiction will bring.,2018/10/16,9.Is everyone reasonably sane? No, some people will always become drug addicts just as some people will always become alcoholics, and it is just too bad.(para.5) too bad: normally used for saying that you are sorry
31、 for or symphathetic about sth,e.g.: Too bad the shoes do not fit you. You lose your job? Thats too bad. But here, it is used for showing that you are not sympathetic at ll or you do not care what someone else thinks,e.g.: I always speak my mind. If you dont like it, thats just too bad.,2018/10/16,1
32、0.Nevertheless, forbidding people thing they like or think they might enjoy only makes them want those things all the more: all the more: even more than before.“all“ here is an adverb. all the better: even better than before. 禁止人们得到喜欢的或以为会喜欢的东西只会让他们更想得到它们。,2018/10/16,11. This psychological insight i
33、s, for some mysterious reason, always denied our governors.(para.5) psychological insight: perception or knowledge about human psychology; the ability to understand human psychology. deny vt. 否定，否认；拒绝给予；拒绝的要求 vi. 否认；拒绝 不知是什么古怪的原因，我们的管事者们总是不明白心理学给我们提供的这个启示。,2018/10/16,12. It is a lucky thing for the
34、American moralist that we have no public memory of anything that happened last Tuesday.(para.6) Most Americans have a bad memory and don;t remember anything that happened even in the recent past. 我们大家对即使上周四发生的事情一般都不会记得，这对美国的道德家来说着实是一件幸事。,2018/10/16,13. No one in Washington today(Subject) recalls(Pre
35、dicate verb) what happened during the years(Object) alchohol was forbidden to the people by a Congress( Relative clause) that thought it had a divine mission to stamp out Demon Rum-(Relative clause) launching, in the process, the greatest crime wave in the countrys history,(present participle phrase
36、 1, 第一个现在分词短语) causing thousands of deaths from bad alchohol,(present participle phrase2) and creating a gengeral(and persisting) contempt among the citizenry for laws of the United States(present participle phrase 3),2018/10/16,divine:神圣的 divine mission: a task given by God Demon Rum: 朗姆酒，a strong
37、alcoholic drink made from sugar cane.,2018/10/16,14. Last year when the supply of marijuana was slightly reduced by the Feds, the pushers got the kids hooked on heroin and deaths increased dramatically.(para.8) be hooked on sth: to be addicted to sth. 去年，在联邦政府有关部门的努力下，市场上的大麻供应略有下降，而毒贩子却使孩子们染上了海洛因。,2
38、018/10/16,15. The bureaucratic machine has a vested interest in playing cops and robbers.(para.8) the bureaucratic machine: the government offices and agencies have a vested interest in doing sth: to have a special reason for watching sth to happen in a particular way, because you will benefit from
39、this. play cops and robbers: 猫鼠游戏 The authot uses this metaphor to express the view that the government agencies concerned and the drug pushers both welcome tough laws, without which, the later cannot make unusual profits and former will not have any excuse for its existence.,2018/10/16,16. If there
40、 was no money in it for the Mafia, there would be no friendly playground pushers, and addicts would not commit crimes to pay for the next fix.(para.9) friendly playground pushers: people who sell drugs to school children in school playgrounds who usually appear friendly, offering school children dru
41、gs for free until they finally get them hooked. fix: the amount of a drug that sb feels she or he needs to take regularly,2018/10/16,17. Finally, if there was no money in it, the Bureau of Narcotics would wither away, something they are not about to do without astruggle.(para.9) wither away: to beco
42、me weaker and then disappear,2018/10/16,18. The American people are as devoted to the idea of sin and its punishment as they are to making money-and fighting drugs is nearly as big a business as pushing them.(para.10) For American people to become rich is to realize the American Dream. They are also
43、 devoted to the idea of sin and its punishment because of the strong influence of Puritans in history.,2018/10/16,The Trounle with Legalization Drugs,I. Thesis: infeasibility of legalization(para.11) II. Appeal of legalization(paras.12-15) A. Positive effects(para.12) B. Inefectiveness of prohibitio
44、n(paras.13-15） III. Rebuttal of legalization(paras.16-19) A. Increase of drug use and social cost as a result of legalization.(para.16) B. Evidence of prohibition reducing drug use(paras.17-18) C. Weakness in Benetts argument(para.19) IV. Conclusion: infeasibility of both a quick fix and a slow fix.
45、(para.20),19. Such is the deliciously convenient reasoning that the drug problem can be resolved by legalizing it. (para.11) deliciously: in a very pleasant or enjoyable way deliciously convenient reasoning: delightful, easy way of thinking( not require effort) 这就是主张毒品问题可以通过毒品合法化得以解决之人的简单逻辑。,2018/10
46、/16,20. Unfortunately, legalization sounds too good to be true and probably is.(para.11) sound too good to be true: sound so good that it cannot be true and probably is: and probably is too good to be true 不幸的是，合法化这个办法听上去非常好，但恐怕行不通，而且极有可能行不通。,2018/10/16,21. It would immediately remove the immense pr
47、ofits from seeking help.(para.12) the forbidden fruit: a pleasure or enjoyment that is not allowedd and therefore become more attractive. The story of Adam and Eve in the Bible. 它可以马上去除现在毒品给黑社会注入的巨大利益，它可以减少毒品给年轻人带来的偷吃禁果的吸引力，而且它会洗掉使许多瘾君子不敢寻求帮助的犯罪耻辱心。,2018/10/16,22. treatment centers: a place where ad
48、dicts receive so as to kick their addiction 戒毒中心,2018/10/16,23. Deep thinkers have long advocatedlifting the prohibitioon on drugs.(para 13) lift: to officially end a rule or law that stops sb from doing sth, e.g.: lift a ban/curfew/restriction/sanction,2018/10/16,24. Last year the debate was stirre
49、d anew when Baltimore Mayor Kurt Schmoke called for a serious mational debate on the subject.(para.13) anew:adv. (doing sth)again from the beginning or in a new and different way call for: to request 呼吁，要求,2018/10/16,25. Schmokes advocacy was based on his experiences as a drug prosecutor. He felt as though he was bailing out the ocean with a teaspoon.(para.14) bail out: to empty water from a boat with a container bail out the ocean with a teaspoon: to try to do the impossible,
