1、Unit 2 English around the worldReading,高一人教新课标必修一,actually in fact 实际上, 事实上 at present now 现在的、出席的 rule govern 统治 vocabulary words and expressions词汇、词汇量 gradually by degrees 逐渐地,New words,official 官方的 voyage 航行, 航海 native 本国的, 本地的 actually 事实上 latter 后者的 identity 身份 fluent 流利的 frequently 频繁地,be base
2、d on 以为基础 culture 文化 、文明 identity 身份 government 政府 rapidly 迅速地 Singapore 新加坡 Malaysia 马来西亚,A. How to learn English well B. The brief history of Modern English C. The way to England D. The difference between Modern English and Old English,Choose the main idea of the text.,B,Skimming,Careful reading:
3、Para 1-Development of English,the end of the 16th century,the next century,today,people,If an American is talking to an Englishman, _. A. They will have almost no difficulty in understanding B. They will have a lot of misunderstandings between each other C. The American finds it difficult to underst
4、and the Englishman D. The English man finds it difficult to follow the American,Para 24,A,Why does English change over time?,Because of cultural communication.,Read Para 5 and answer the question:,Find out the characteristics of each time according to the time axis.,AD450-1150,800-1150,The time ADEL
5、 was written,In the 1600s,later,German,less like German; more like French,Shakespeares English,American English,Australian English,Para 56,Samuel Johnson Born: September 18, 1709 Write a dictionary One of the English languages most profound influences.,Two important persons in Para 4,Noah Webster Bo
6、rn: October 16, 1758 Died: May 28, 1843 When Noah was 43, he started writing the first American dictionary. He did this because Americans in different parts of the country spelled, pronounced and used words differently.,Read Para 5 and find out why India takes English as second language.,India,was r
7、uled by Britain,South African English,Singapore English,Malaysian English,Hong Kong English,Do you know any other kinds of English formed for this reason?,time,place,Language can change with time.,Language can change when cultures communicate with each other.,Conclusion,1. What is the clue of the pa
8、ssage?2. When did people from England begin to move to other parts of the world?,Time.,In the 17th century.,Read the text carefully and answer the following questions.,3. Why does India have a large number of English speakers?,India was ruled by Britain from 1765 to 1947. And during that time Englis
9、h became the language for government and education.,At first, only people in _ spoke English. Later, people from England _ to other parts, so English began to be spoken in _ _ _. Today, _ people speak English as their _, second or foreign language. _ English speakers _ understand each other but _ _.
10、,Retell the text.,England,moved,many other countries,more,first,Native,can,not everything,All languages change when _ communicate with one another. So there are British English, American English, Australian English and so on. They all have their own _. English is also spoken as a foreign or second l
11、anguage in _ _ _. Maybe one day Chinese English will become one of the world English.,cultures,identity,many other countries,Thinking,Will Chinese English become one of the world Englishes?,“Only time will tell”.,1. Nearly all of them lived in England. nearly和almost 用法明辨： (1)两者通用的场合a. 在肯定句中b. 修饰all,
12、 every, always 等时c. 在行为动词的否定式前时 e.g. He is almost/ nearly 80 years old.,Language Points,(2)只用almost 的场合 a. 和any, no, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere, never 等连用时。 b. 和too, more than 等连用时。 c. 和表示感觉或心理活动的静态动词连用时。 e.g. There is almost none left. (3)只用nearly的场合 a. 被 very, not, pretty等修饰时。 b. 和具体数字连用时(near
13、ly常用)。如: Nearly 100 students attended the meeting.,2. voyage 在此为可数名词, 意为“旅行,航行”。如： The Titanic went under on its first voyage. They supplied this ship with enough food and necessities for a long voyage. I dont want to make the voyage without help.,拓展voyage还可用作动词, 意为“(乘船)航行, 航海”。如： They planned to vo
14、yage across the Pacific Ocean.注意区别名词travel, journey, trip 和voyage: travel用作不可数名词, 只用于泛指从 某地去另一地, 如果某人在某段时间里 到处走, 可用travels； journey用作可数名词, 表示去某地所花,的时间和旅行的距离, 尤指较长距离 的或定期的旅行; trip用作可数名词, 表示非定期的, 也许较短的往返旅行; voyage则常指海上旅行或太空旅行。 Air travel is becoming cheaper. Hes on his travels again. Lily had a long a
15、nd difficult journey through the mountains last year. The kids are going on a trip to the castle.,3. because of 后边加名词或动名词短语 because 是连词, 所以后边跟句子 因为你的关心, 我发现生活充满了希望。 Because you are concerned about me, I find that life is full of hope. Because of your concern, I find that life is full of hope.,因为雨下得很
16、大, 那个男孩穿过树林 回家了。 Because it rained heavily, the boy went back home through the woods. Because of the heavy rain, the boy went back home through the woods.,4. than ever before “比以往任何时候更” than ever before可看作是than they ever speak English before 的省略形式。 在比较级结构中, 副词 ever 与比较级 和最高级连用, 用来加强语气。如: Youll speak
17、 English much better than ever before. Jane looks much prettier than ever before.,ever在不同句型中的意义：1)曾经; 以前 (用于疑问句)2)无论什么时候都(不) (用于否定句)3)曾经(用于if 从句)4)到底; 究竟 (用于特殊疑问句)5)永远; 老是 (用于肯定句),5. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. even if =even tho
18、ugh “即使”, 用来引导 一个让步状语从句, 后面既可以用陈述 语气, 也可用虚拟语气, 但是even if / though 引导的从句不用将来时。如: Even if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.,用if, as if, even if填空。 (1) _ I had money, I wouldnt buy it. (2) _ I had money, I would buy it. (3) It looks _ it is going to rain. (even if 引导让步状语从句; if 引导条件 状语从句; as
19、 if/ though “似乎是” 引导方式状语从句),Even if,If,as if,注意: (1) even if (= even though): in spite of the fact; no matter whether 即使; 尽管 是连词词组, 用来引导让步状语从句; 若主、 从句皆表示将来情况, 从句中可用一般现在 时代替将来时。 (2) even if 从句所说的不那么肯定。even though 从句是事实。 e.g: Even if he is poor, she loves him.(=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)(Even
20、) though he is poor, she loves him. (= He is poor, yet she loves him.),When talking to a friend over the telephone , you feel that you are close _ the actual distance is not shortened.A. but B. even if C. so D. because,B,A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station. the sun comes up in
21、 the east. New shoots of bamboo will come up from around the roots of the old ones. Your question came up at the meeting. come about 出现; 发生,6. come up 上来, 走近; 发芽; 被提出; 升起,走近, 上来,升起,被提出讨论,come across 偶然遇到或找到 come around 恢复; 还原; 改变某人的意见或立场 come down 传承; 按习惯通过或处理 come out 成为众所周知; 发行或发表; 结果; 自己公开宣布 come
22、 over 过来; 偶然拜访 come up with 宣布或发现 The doctor came up with a cure for the disease.,7. So why has English changed over time? 那么, 英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？ over 贯穿, 经过(一段时间) e.g. Over the years, he has become more patient. 经过这些年, 他变得更有耐心。 周末她会来杭州。 She will come to Hangzhou over the weekend. 圣诞节时你在家吗？ Will you
23、stay at home over Christmas? over 超过(=more than), 再三 (again) over 2 minutes over and over,8. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的, 而现代英语不是。 1) base v. 意为“以为根据, 把基础设在”, 常构成短语 base sth. on/upon sth。如：,This novel is based on fact. 这部小说是以事实为根据的。 The paper ha
24、d intended to base itself in London. This film is based on a novel by D. H. Lawrence. 拓展 base还可用作名词, 意为“底部, 基地, 基础”等。如:,There is a door at the base of the tower. How many military bases are they maintaining on foreign soil? Many languages have Latin as their base. 掌握base构成的两个短语： be off base 完全错误, 大错
25、特错 touch base (with) sb (跟某人)联系上, 逗留,2) morethan 是而不是; 与其说不如说; 中间接相同成分。 He is more a friend than a teacher. He is more lazy than stupid. 扩展: more than 不仅仅; 多于; 十分 e.g. He is more than a teacher in our school. He made more than ten friends in this club. She is more than beautiful. rather than 而不是; le
26、ss than少于； other than 除之外,3) present,adj. 当前的, 现在的 (作前置定语) Did you see the present national leaders? Can you tell us something about the present situation? 出席的, 在场的(作表语或后置定语) Our teacher was present at the meeting. All the people present agree to my plan.,n. 目前, 现在; 礼物 I cant spare time because I am
27、 busy at present. What present did you receive from your parents? at present: now; at this time/moment Shes busy at present and cant speak to you. 她现在很忙, 不能跟你谈话。 At present he is a professor of mathematics at Cambridge. 目前他是剑桥大学的数学教授。,vt. 赠与, 赠给予, 给, 提出 present sb. with sth.或present sth. to sb. 把交给,
28、 颁发, 授予 如: Mother presented a gift to me just now. On his birthday, his friends presented him with a series of readers. /presented a series of readers to him. (送给他一套读本),9. Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 莎士比亚使用了比以往任何时候更为 广泛的词汇量。 make use of 利用, 使用 make good / full use of
29、 充分使用 make no use of sth. 没有利用 We could make good use of our resources. 我们应该充分利用好我们的资源。 Every minute should be made good use of. 每一分钟都应该很好地利用。,She makes use of people she meets as heroes for her novel. We should make good use of time to study. 拓展 make构成的常见短语: make of， make from 通常用于被动语态, 构成be made o
30、f, be made from 都 表示“由制成”。,其中be made of 表示在产品中能够看出 原材料; be made from 表示在产品中 看不出原材料。 make up 编写, 编造;和解 make up of 由组成/构成； make up for 弥补, 补偿 make out 理解, 弄懂; 看清, (勉强)辨认出; 假装, 装成 make into 制成 make it 成功, 办成; 及时赶到,10. the number of/ a number of the number of “.的数目”, 接可数 名词复数, 其后谓语动词用单数。 The number of u
31、ndergraduates has increased over the years. a number of 许多, 大量 (后接复数名词), 其后谓语动词用复数。 (a great number of /a large number of / a small number of ) A number of teachers are on leave.,The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. wa
32、s; were D. were; were,C,注意: 只能修饰可数名词的a large/ great/ good number of, a good/ great many, dozens of, scores of, quite a few,只能修饰不可数名词的： a great deal of, a large amount of, quite a little, a large sum of 既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词的： plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of,11. such as & for example,such
33、 as 用来列举事物时, 一般列举同类 人或事物中的几个例子且所列举事物的 数量不能等于它前面所提到的总和, 一旦相等, 要用that is 或namely. I have three good friends, such as John, Jack and Tom. He can speak four languages, such as English and French.,for example: 用来举例说明某一论点或情况, 一般只举同类人或物中的 “一个” 为例, 作插入语,可位于句首, 句中或句尾, 通常与所给的例子用逗号隔开, 其后的例子可以是从句.,Ball games, f
34、or example, have spread around the world. There are many kinds of pollution(污染). Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution.,用such as, for example, namely填空 (1) Students, _ Tom and Mary, should be learnt from. (2) Wear something simple, _, a skirt and blouse. (3) He knows six languages, _ Chinese, F
35、rench, English, Spanish, Russian and Portuguese.,such as,for example,namely,12. Only time can tell. 惟有时间将能证明。 tell vi. 显示出; 发生影响; 起作用; 判断 tell A from B: 区分, 分别 Can you tell Tom from his twin brother?,13. frequently adv. 经常地, 频繁地 e.g. He was frequently drunk. Stores of grain are frequently attacked b
36、y pests.,frequently的形容词是frequent, 意为“经常的, 频繁的”。如： He is a frequent visitor to our house. Her headaches are becoming less frequent. frequent还可用作动词, 意为“常到, 常去”。如： The bar was frequented by actors from the nearby theatre. These woods are frequented by all kinds of birds.,Homework 1. Memorize the new words. 2. Retell the passage. 3. Finish exercises in Learning about language.,
