1、专题八 动词分类及动词短语,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,助动词,协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。助动词是语法功能词,自身没有词义,不可单独使用。 1帮助构成疑问句或否定句句式的助动词有do, does, did 及其否定形式。如: Did you go home last week? 上周你回家了吗? 2帮助构成时态的助动词有be, have, shall, will等。如: We are playing an interesting game. 我们正在玩一个有趣的游戏。,系动词亦称连系动词。本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语。具体分类及用法如下: 1状态系动词:只有be一
2、词。如: They are always very happy. 他们总是很高兴。 2持续系动词:表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。如: I hope youll keep fit. 我希望你将一直保持健康。,系动词,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,3表象系动词:表示“看起来好像”,主要有seem, appear, look等。如: My mother seems very satisfied with my progress. 妈妈对我的进步似乎很满意。 4感官系动词:表示“起来”,主要有feel(摸起来,感觉),
3、smell(闻起来), sound(听起来), taste(尝起来,吃起来)等。如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来很柔软。,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,5变化系动词:表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。如: The small town is becoming busier and busier. 小镇变得越来越忙碌。 6终止系动词:主要有prove, turn out(结果是,证明是)等。如: My plan turned out a success.我的
4、计划成功了。 提醒有些系动词也是实义动词,可单独作谓语。如: He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,情态动词,情态动词表示说话人的语气、情态,无人称和数的变化。情态动词有自己的词汇意思,但不能独立作谓语,其后须跟动词原形。使用频率较高的情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)及半情态动词have to, had better。 1can和could (1)can(could)表示说话人能、可以、同意、准许,以及客观条件许可做某事。could可表示
5、委婉语气。如: Could I borrow your pen? 我可以借你的钢笔吗?,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,(2)can 意为“能、会”时,相当于be able to (适用于各种时态),can 和could 只能用于现在时和过去时。如: A few months later, Ill be able to swim alone. 几个月后,我将能单独游泳。 (3)cant表示否定推测。如: That cant be Mr Wang. He has gone to Beijing. 那肯定不是王老师。他已经去北京了。,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,2may和might may (migh
6、t)意为“可以”,表示说话人同意、许可或请求对方许可,也可表示祝愿。might 是may 的过去式,表示可能性更小、语气更加委婉。如: May I take some photos here? 我可以在这儿拍照吗? May you be happy.祝你开心。,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,3must和have to (1)must 意为“必须,应该,一定,准是”,表示说话人认为有必要做某事,或命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。如:He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。 (2)must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主
7、观意愿;have to 表示客观需要。如: I must do my homework first. 我必须首先做家庭作业。 It is raining hard outside. I have to stay at home. 外面雨下得很大,我不得不待在家里。,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,4need的用法 need 表示“需要,必须”。主要用于否定句和疑问句中,否定形式为neednt,表示“没有必要,不必”;回答need引导的问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用 neednt。此外need还可以作实义动词使用。如: Need we do some cleaning now? No, yo
8、u neednt. “我们必须现在大扫除吗?”“不,你们不必。” I need to see the doctor now. 我现在需要看医生。,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,5shall 和will shall用于第一人称的句子表示提建议或请求;will用于第二人称疑问句表示征求意见或提建议。如: Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗? Will you go shopping with us? 你要不要和我们一起去购物啊?,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,6should和would should用于各种人称的句子中,强调义务或责任;would是will的过去形
9、式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,可用于多种人称,表示意愿。如: You should study harder. 你应该更加努力学习。 He said he would visit the Great Wall the next year. 他说他明年将游览长城。,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,7had better had better意为“最好”,没有人称的变化,后接不带to的不定式。如: You had better exercise more. 你最好多锻炼。,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,动词短语,动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语,叫动词短语。动词短语主要有四类: 1动词副词:常见的有gi
10、ve up, think over, take off, write down, put off等。这些词组的宾语如果是名词时,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词时,则要放在动词和副词中间。如:,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,They have decided to put off the meeting.They have decided to put the meeting off. 他们已经决定推迟会议了。Smoking is bad for your health, you must give it up.吸烟有害健康,你必须戒掉它。 2动词介词:常见的有a
11、sk for, care about, look for, look after, send for, laugh at, hear of (from)等。如: We shouldnt laugh at others. 我们不应该嘲笑别人。,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,3动词副词介词:常见的有look down upon, get on with, catch up with等。如:If you study hard, youll catch up with your classmates. 如果你努力学习,你将能赶上你的同班同学。 4动词名词介词:常见的有take care of, make
12、 use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。如: Please pay more attention to details. 请多注意细节。,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,中考透视,( )1. 2011山西 The talented boy _ write lyrics when he was at the age of ten. Amay Bcould Cmust Dis able to,B can 意为“能,会”时,相当于be able to。此句是过去时,故选B。,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,( )2. 2012天津 The cloth _ very
13、soft and comfortable. Asmells Btastes Cfeels Dsounds,C feel soft and comfortable是系表结构,意为“感觉很柔软很舒服”。,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,( )3. 2012株洲 That man _ be my English teacher. He has gone to Canada. A. neednt Bmustnt Ccant Dcouldnt,C cant表示否定推测。,( )4. 2012绵阳 School students _ smoke because it is against the school
14、 rules. Aneednt Bcouldnt Cwont Dmustnt,D mustnt表示“明令禁止”。,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,( )5. 2011莆田 What a nice coat! Ill take it. But youd better _ first. Im afraid it may be small for you. Atry it on Bpay for it Cput it on,A try on意为“试穿”,为“动词副词”构成的短语,it为人称代词,应该放在动词和副词中间。,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,( ) 6. 2011东营 Many people co
15、mplain that some of KFCs in China _ the price of a hamburger by one yuan. Arose Braised Cdropped Dcontrolled,B 此处的raise为及物动词,指价格的上涨。,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,( ) 7. 2012宜昌 The math exam is coming. Im very nervous. Just _. Im sure youll do well in it. Amake progress Bpay attention Ctake it easy Dlook out,C take it easy意为“放松,别紧张”,符合题意。,专题八 动词分类及动词短语,