1、,选修 8,英语教学课件系列,Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors,Learning about Language,Translate the phrases into Chinese.,show sb. around regardless of make a fire scare away layers of ash keep out,不顾；不管,生火,一层层灰烬,不许入内，挡在外面,吓跑,陪同某人参观,Review,at most at least cut up remove from an ample amount of care about,至多；最多,至少,切碎
2、,从 除掉 / 移动 ,大量的；充足的,关心,1. Can you think of the alternatives we would use today?,alternative n. 可能的选择；替换物, 取舍 If you dont like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own. What alternatives are there? They had no alternative in the matter.,adj. 两者择一的; 供选择的 There was no alternative
3、 route open to her. Have you got an alternative suggestion?,alternative和choice两词均可作名词或形容词。choice可指从几 种事物中选择其一，而alternative一般指从 两者中择一。choice指比较具体的选择的 作或结果，alternative指抽象的办法，不 具体事物。 choice 强调主观的挑选或喜 恶，alternative指客观存在的可供取舍的途 径。如：,1. Her first choice is to become a musician. 2. These are choice silk go
4、ods from Suzhou. 3. He had the alternative of working and being successful or not working hard and being successful. 4. She had no other alternative but to resign. 5. The phrase has alternative explanations.,2. You must be aware that its here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who
5、 lived in this part of the world.,You must be aware that 主句后接由强调句和定语从句组成的宾语从句。,its here that we found 是强调句； who lived in this part of the world是定语从句。,aware adj. “意识到的；知道的”，通常用作表语I am well aware that this is a tough job. We are fully aware of the gravity of the situation.,interrupt v. 打断；中断 Dont inte
6、rrupt me, children. He interrupted college to serve in the army. Traffic was interrupted by a dense fog. interruption n. 中断，打断 interrupted adj. 中断的，不通的,3. Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?,4. So we think its reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold
7、.,assume v. 假设；设想；装作；承担 (责任) I assume that is what you meant. He assumed a look of surprise. I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it. assume an attitude of 取 . 的态度assume the mask of 披上 . 的伪装,in spite of 指“除外, 不管”， regardless of更侧重表示“对熟视无睹, 置若罔闻”。,regardless of 不管；不顾She is determined
8、 to do it regardless of all consequences. He continue speaking, regardless of my feelings on the matter.,This special school accepts all disabled students, _ educational level and background. (2009江苏卷)A. according to B. regardless of C. in addition to D. in terms ofThe art show was _ being a failure
9、; it was a great success. (2009天津卷)A. far from B. along with C. next to D. regardless of,B,A,must have + 过去分词：表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态进行推测，只用于肯定的陈述句中(在否定句及疑问句中用can )，意思是“一定已经”。例如： If he had really been there, I must have seen him.,英语中，常用情态动词must, may, might, can, could, should, ought to, would等have过去分词表示对过去
10、发生事情的推测。一般来说，说话人的语气或推测的把握程度不同，使用的情态动词也不同。,5. It must have been very uncomfortable.,cancouldhave过去分词：表示对过去某种行为或存在的状态的怀疑或不肯定推测。can常用于否定句和疑问句；could除用于否定句及疑问句外,还可用于肯定句。例如： Dont worry-they could have just forgotten to phone.,maymighthave过去分词：表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测，即说话人认为过去某事发生的可能性或某状态存在的可能性一般。可用于肯定句和否定
11、句；might的语气没有may那么肯定。例如：He might not have got your letter.,wouldhave过去分词：表示过去本来要做某事却因某种原因未做，通常用来说明某种情况，但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意。例如： I would have written to you earlier but I have been ill.,shouldought tohave过去分词：肯定式表示“过去本应做某事(但没做)“；否定式表示“过去不该做某事(但做了)“。该句式含有不满或责备之意。例如：Youre right. I should have bee
12、n more careful.,6. After that they would rub an ample amount of salt onto the skin to make it soft.ample adj. 足够的；充足的Ample sunshine and rainfall are bringing the crops on nicely. This leaves her ample time to prepare three meals a day.,Your stay abroad will give you _ opportunities to learn a new la
13、nguage.A. much B. ample C. enough D. sufficient,B,enough, sufficient ample enough和sufficient都是“足够的意思，但前者较通用，后者较正式、文字味重。 ample和enough的词义基本一致，但在程度上，ample超过enough，相当于greatly enough。例如：There is ample space for a garage.,1 Complete the passage using the correct form of the words and phrase.,Discovering u
14、seful words and expressions,alternative sharpen identify regardless of aware excavation assume ample primitive due,Davidson Black was a Canadian doctor who organized the _ that led to the discovery of the bones in the Zhoukoudian caves near Beijing. He was a specialist in the study of bones and it w
15、as his ambition to find and _ bones of early humans. His university was _ of the significance of his work.,excavation,identify,aware,At first they gave him _ time to do this research, but later they realized he was prepared to pursue it _ his students needs and his teaching career, so they forbade h
16、im to travel there any more. It was his assistant, Pei Wenzhong, who made the discovery of these _ bones and _ stone tools.,ample,regardless of,primitive,sharpened,Somehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr Black because there was no _ means of transport. Dr Black _ this discovery would change the way aca
17、demics thought about early people in China. He knew that his success was almost entirely _ to his assistants systematic hard work.,due,alternative,assumed,on behalf of in spite of regardless of ahead of because of instead of,2 Complete these sentences using the correct form of the phrases below.,1.
18、Nobody has the right to spit in the street _ their social position or age.,regardless of,2. _ the songs popularity, the band deleted it from their new album as they failed to find one who could sing it well enough. 3. Sophie got a bad scratch from her cat _ her carelessness while playing with it.,In
19、 spite of,because of,4. Sam made a tentative guess that six months of his flying course lay _ him. 5. The vice president gave a welcome speech _ the Academy of Arts at the exhibition. 6. The guest waited patiently at the receptionists desk _ interrupting the meeting.,instead of,ahead of,on behalf of
20、,3 Complete these sentences with words or phrases from the text. Make sure to use the correct form.,Since the famine broke out, the number of people dying of _ has been increasing. 2. The doctors _ stated that shehas suffered from _ anxiety for a long time.,starvation,analysis,acute,3. This is reall
21、y a _ bookshelf and Ithink you should organize it well andput the books in _. 4. Do you know the best way to stopcrying when _ onions? 5. I will pay just 120 yuan for the quilt_ because I only have that much in my wallet. 6. This table mat is ten square _, and you can get a dozen for only one dollar
22、.,at most,centimetres,messy,categories,cutting up,1. Tom has lunch at school every day 2. Look! Who is sitting over there? 3. There werent any women doctors then. 4. It was raining when they left the station. 5. What are you going to do tomorrow? 6. Ive just finished reading the novel. 7. I had eate
23、n two apples before my mother came in.,Read the sentences, paying attention to the marked part.,1. Weve been excavating here for many years and 2. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests 3. Well, weve been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and
24、we think ,Read the sentences from the reading passage, paying attention to the marked part.,The Present Perfect Continuous,现在完成进行时,现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间 一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。 其动作是否延续下去, 则由上下文而定。 现在完成进行时多用持续性动词如live, learn, lie, stay, wait, stand, rest, study等, 常和all the time, this week, this month, all nig
25、ht, all the morning, recently 等状语以及 since 和 for 引导的时间状语或从句连用。,May 20 0:10,May 20 11:00,My younger brother has been accessing the net.,now,The baby has been sleeping for an hour.,now,They have been playing basketball all the day.,Now,Now,The boy has been reading a book for almost 4 hours.,He has been
26、 talking with his friend.,now,The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute.,The sound has continued about one minute.,The telephone is ringing.,2008-5-20 11:00,2008-5-20 13:00,The young boy has been watching TV.,now,TV,08-5-19,The two robots have been dancing and singing since they have been m
27、ade.,Now,in the morning,I dont know why the pig has been running.,now,run,They has been playing games in the school.,now,Play games,Oh, you have come at last! I have been waiting for you for two long hours. (我等了你足足两个小时),13:00,15:00,Im sorry!,You have been crying. (你一直在哭),You are here! I have been lo
28、oking for you long. (我找了你老半天),我一直都在这,现在完成进行时,1. 构成形式:,hashave been doing,2. 用法 1) 叙述某一动作从过去开始一直继续到现在仍在继续之中或刚刚停止。经常与for, since, all morning/day/week用在一起。,You have been studying for four straight hours. Why dont you take a break? The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesnt someone a
29、nswer it?,2) 叙述“最近”一直从事的工作或活动。 lately, recently,Whats the matter? Your eyes are red and puffy. Have you been crying? 你是不是一直在哭?,3) 表示重复动作。有时现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是在一直不停地进行, 而是在断断续续地重复。 I have been knocking. I dont think anybodys in. 我一直在敲门, 我想没人在里面。 Youve been saying you can succeed for five years. 5 年来你一直在
30、说你能成功。 I have been writing letters since breakfast. 我从早餐起就一直在写信。,4) 表示“刚才、近来”发生的动作, 一般不再继续。 此时一般通过上下文的语境进行判断。 My hands are dirty. Ive been painting the door. 我的手很脏, 我一直在漆门。 What have you been eating to get as fat as this? 你都吃什么啦, 怎么这么胖？,5) 叙述从过去某时开始一直继续到现在, 但不再继续下去的事情。带有浓厚的感情色彩, 强调持续了“那么久”或做得“那么辛苦”。
31、I have been wanting to meet you for a long time. 和你见面是我盼望已久的事了。Too much has been happening today.今天真是一个多事的日子。Oh, you have come at last! I have been waiting for you for two long hours. 我等了你足足两个小时。You are here! I have been looking for you long.我找了你老半天。,现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别,现在完成时表示结果, 其动作发生在过去， 但对现在有影响; 而且
32、现在完成时也可 表示动作的持续。而现在完成时表示比较 长久的动作和状态, 而现在完成进行时 表示较短暂的动作和状态, 而且强调 持续性或未暂停性。,He hasnt worked for years. 他多年来一直没有工作。 I havent been working very well recently. 我最近工作不太顺利。 They have built several bridges so far. 到目前为止，他们已建了好几座桥。 They have been building bridges so far. 到目前为止，他们一直在建桥。,【典型例题】 1. - I _ so bus
33、ily recently that I _ no time to help you with your math.- Thats OK. I can manage it by myself. A. have been working; have B. have worked; hadC. am working; will haveD. had been working; had had 【答案】A。 考查现在完成进行时的用法 【点拨】recently常与现在完成时或一般过去时连用，第二空应用一般现在时。,2. - Have you finished the report?- No. I _ i
34、t all this week.A. will do B. had done C. have done D. have been doing 【答案】D 。考查现在完成进行时的用法 【点拨】现在完成进行时可用于表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，有可能继续延续下去，也可能刚刚结束。本题使用现在完成进行时强调了动作的持续性和未完成性。,【高考解析】 1. Tom _ in the library every night over the last three months. （2011北京）A. works B. worked C. have been working D. had
35、 been working 解析：根据时间状语over the last three months可知，句子应该用现在完成进行时。句意为：在过去三个月中，汤姆每个夜晚都在图书馆中工作。,2. - Weve spent too much money recently. - Well, it isnt surprising. Our friend and relatives _ around all the time. (2010安徽)A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming 解析：句意为“- 近来我们花了太多钱了。-
36、并不惊奇，近来朋友和亲戚总是来访” 。用have been coming表示从过去到现在一直所发生的动作。,3. Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything. (2010湖南)A. shopped B. have shoppedC. had shopped D. have been shopping 解析：句意为“我现在很累。我整个下午一直在购物，我好像什么事都没做成似的” 。由语境可判断选D项。,4. Mother wanted to be a good provider, arole s
37、he _ since her marriage to Father. (2010江西)A. shoulders B. shouldered C. is shouldering D. has been shouldering 解析：在本句since 表示自从过去到现在, 所以用现在完成进行时。,5. I have to see the doctor because I _ a lot lately. (2010陕西) A. have been coughing B. had coughedC. coughed D. cough 解析：由时间状语lately可知此处表示现阶段一直在进行的动作或存在
38、的状态，且强调其持续性，用现在完成进行时，选A。,1. China sent up Shenzhou V manned spaceship into space successfully, which shows science and technology _ rapidly in China. A. have been developing B. developsC. is developing D. had developed,Practice,解析: 答案A。该题考查现在完成进行时, 表示动作的持续。,A,2. Mrs. White became a teacher in 1985.
39、She _ for twenty years by next summer. A. will teach B. would have taughtC. has been teaching D. will have been teaching,解析：答案 D。该题考查将来完成进行时。,D,3. -Hi, Tracy, you look tired. -I am tired. I _ the living room all day.A. painted B. had paintedC. have been painting D. have painted,解析：答案 C。该题考查现在完成进行时。,
40、C,4. The two friends _ on the Internet for three hours, and they would go on till the next morning. A. had been chatting B. had chattedC. were chatting D. have been chatting,解析: 答案 D。该题考查现在完成进行时。,D,5. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A. had consid
41、ered B. has been considering C. Considered D. is going to consider,解析: 答案 B。题意为既然已经失业了, 露西一直 在考虑重新回到学校, 不过她还没有决定。has been considering 为现在完成进行时, 主要表现在 以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作, 这动作 仍然在进行, 也可能停止了一会。,B,6. -How long _ in the factory?-Since 1990. A. were you working B. have you been workingC. had you been work
42、ing D. will you work,解析:答案B。该题考查现在完成进行时。,B,7. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ increased enormously ever since. A. is B. wasC. has been D. had been,解析: 答案C。该题考查现在完成时。现在 完成时表示到现在为止完成了; 现在完成 进行时表示从过去持续到现在, 而且将来 继续进行。,C,8. -Hi, Alan, I havet seen you for weeks. What _ rece
43、ntly?-Studying.A. have you been doing B. have you doneC. were you doing D. did you do,解析: 答案 A。该题考查现在完成进行时。,A,9. -Hi! We have not seen each other for almost two years.-I _ in a company as a secretary. A. had worked B. have workedC. worked D. have been working,解析: 答案 D。该题考查现在完成进行时。,D,I _ letters this
44、 morning and _ for four hours so far. A. will write; wrote B. have written; have writtenC. was writing; wrote D. have been writing; have written,解析: 答案D。该题考查现在完成进行时和 现在完成时。题意为我今天早上一直在写信， 到目前为止已经写了4个小时。,D,11. I have got a headache. No wonder. You _ in front of that computer too long. (江西2007)A. work
45、B. are workingC. have been working D. worked,C,12. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. (湖南2007)A. studies B. studiedC. is studying D. has been studying,D,For more exercises, click here.,1. We _ for the bus half an hour, but it h
46、as not come yet.A. have been waiting B. have waited C. are waiting D. have been waited 2. You are so late. We _ you for a whole hour.A. waited B. had waited C. were waiting for D. have been waiting for,A,D,Choose the best answers.,3. He _ articles for our wall-newspaper the three years, and he _ abo
47、ut thirty articles.A. has written; has written B. has been writing; wroteC. is writing; has been writing D. has been writing; has written,D,4. It _ for two days. The roads will be blocked if it _ soon.A. snowed; wont B. has been snowing; doesnt stop C. has snowed; wont stopD. snow; doesnt stop 5. It _ for two hours and the ground is too wet to play on, so the match _.A. has been raining; has put off B. has rained; is put offC. was raining; has been put off D. has been raining; has been put off,
