1、10%,15min,35%,25min,25%,10min,10%,15min,5%,30min,四级写作总体介绍,四级作文评分原则及标准,CET作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Reward Scores), 而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。,四级作文评分原则及标准,本题满分为15分 阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷一至二份。 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数则可加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分）。但不得加或减半分。,作文评分标
2、准,2分-条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分-基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8分-基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯；但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。 11分-切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分-切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本无语言错误。,评分标准解读,两大基本原则 1.印象分：书写工整，字迹清晰，卷面整洁 2.语言第一位（语法与词汇的基本功）结构第二位（逻辑结构是否清晰）内容第三位（内容是否跑题）,考试大纲对写作部分的要求：,1.考试时间：30分钟。2.文章长度：120
3、-150个词左右。3. 四个基本要求：切题、表达清楚、文字通顺、基本无语法错误。,Example 1.,1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay Free Admission to museums. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1.越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2.也会带来一些问题； 3.你的看法？,2分-,条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎
4、或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。Nowdays, Social appeared more and more free Admissions to museums. Its in order to people wasted money. In addition, rich in peoples life and increase more knowledges.people visited the museum must have leaved some waste. In another hand, some visitors didnt listen the museums wo
5、rkers,一塌糊涂,5分-,基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。In order to enrich the culture of people, more and more museums were provided free admissions. Somebody thought it would take some problems like that.The first, because of free admissions of museums were attracted a large numbers of people who interested
6、in all around the world. And those who take part in effected the traffic crowed around the museums, even though affected people who live in next to museum daily life. Besides, free admissions of museum would attracted thief came in.,糊里糊涂,8分-,基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯；但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误 There is an interes
7、ting and instractive picture which goes like this: More and more museums are free for people. They want more people go to museums.But some people argue that it make some trouble for free for people. The reason is the economy of the museums would be worse than before. Worst of all, it may take a mess
8、 for more people come to the museums.,马马虎虎,11分-,切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 Now more and more museums are free without charge to the public. Does that make any sence?Free admission to musuems helps us save money, but it also encourages us to go to museums to learn something else and get more knowledge.
9、 This contributes to improve the living level of the public. It can certainly let us know more about our country and the world, which has a good effect on our development.Every coin has two sides. It can also bring some problems. For example,清清楚楚,14分-,切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本无语言错误 。Nowadays, more and
10、 more museums are open to the public for free. Free admissions to museums will motivate peoples interests in history, arts and science. In this way, museums can provide people with easier access to knowledge, which is of vital importance for the whole nation.,漂漂亮亮,14分-,切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本无语言错误 。
11、However, some people hold that free admissions to museums can bring about many problems. Since anybody can enter a museum without paying, the museum can be overcrowded and it will be a difficult job for museums to maintain their collections. Besides, museums will face financial problems since they c
12、ant make profits from the admission fee. Due to the decrease in profits, museums have less motivation to up-date their collections and out-of-date museums cant avoid the fate to close up in the long run.,漂漂亮亮,14分-,切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本无语言错误 。In my opinion, free admissions to museums are good for t
13、he public, but on the other hand they may pose problems to the museum management. Governments should provide help to museums and guide them to serve the public better.,漂漂亮亮,四级作文写作要求,1. 篇幅：考试要求是120字单词达不到字数的要酌情扣1-5分90-99扣1分，80-89扣2分，70-79扣3分，60-69扣5分 2. 时间：30分钟，审题（3分钟）：写作（25分钟）：检查（2分钟）：,写完之后修改注意：（内容方面
14、尽量不要修改） 1. 字母大小写 2. 符号 3. 单词拼写 4. 动词时态 5. 主谓一致 6.名词单复数,作文写什么？,开头 2-3句中间 6-8句结尾 2-3句,有话可说,作文写什么？（根据采分点）,框架 表示结构的短语细节 亮点词汇和句型,说话漂亮,布局：三段式（有时候根据需要还可写四段）,大学英语四级写作通常采用三段论模式，即：开头段（introduction）、主体段（body paragraph）和结尾段（conclusion）。考场作文通常是写成三段（四段当然也可以，不过一般情况下三段比较合适）,Three Paragraphs Writing,Introductory par
15、agraph,Body paragraph,Concluding paragraph,Introductory paragraph,arouse the readers interests,from what point to start in what direction to go,Beginning,1.通过问题引入主题： Do you ever think you have to pay the tuition and fees yourself? 2.通过谚语或名人名言引入主题： As one proverb says, “More haste, less speed.” 3. 通过
16、数据引入主题： The number of students enrolled in colleges and universities was 0.2 million and rose to 1.2 million in 1998.,Body paragraph,Develop the main points of the composition by giving support to the main idea in the thesis.,Body,是首段的延伸，是短文的主体部分。扩展段内部各要点之间，通常需要过渡词的连接。,Concluding paragraph,Dont leav
17、e your readers hanging.,Be short and forceful. Be made up mainly of restatements or summaries of the points that have been discussed. No new ideas should be introduced.,结论段,与主题段遥相呼应，应照应、深化主题，综合概括全文。 把握主题句的关键词，但不用与主题句相同的句式。 表述与主题句一致的内容，但必须从某个角度对主题句进行深化；或回答主题句中所暗示的问题，或提出自己的建议，或表述自己的观点，或进一步提出问题发人深省。,应对
18、策略,1、篇章：开门见山，直奔主题（紧扣所给提纲写出主题句）。使用合适的方法展开主题句（常用方法如：列举，因果，举例等） 2、句子结构：适当使用从句、倒装句、非谓语动词、插入语，从而使文章句子结构稍微复杂而富于变化。 3、词汇：尽量使用与主题相关的一些重要词汇，避开用得过于泛滥的词汇。,得高分的关键,运用复杂句式 书写美观 开头结尾很关键 词汇的多样 使用谚语,一 二 三原则,考官们看文章必然要通过关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章 是否结构清楚，条理自然。,1）first, second, third, last,（不推荐，原因：俗）,2）firstly, secondly, thirdly,
19、finally,（不推荐，原因：俗）,3）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally,（强烈推荐）,4）to start with, next, in addition, finally,（强烈推荐）,5）first and foremost, besides, last but not least,（强烈推荐）,开头常用句型：,现象式 数据式 引言式 提问式,练习,on Dual Degrees. 1. 近年来越来越多的大学生热衷于修“双学位” 2. 产生这种现象的原因 3. 我的观点,练习,Private Cars in China 1.是否应该鼓励
20、发展私人轿车 2.表明你的观点并说明理由 3.鼓励或者限制私人轿车的有效措施,练习,Say “Thank You“ to Parents 1. 很多的大学生从未跟父母道过谢 2. 请说明原因 3. 你的建议,练习,Should College Students Live on Campus a. 有些人喜欢住在学校的宿舍，因为. b. 有些人喜欢住在校外，因为. c. 我的看法,第一段，重点描述图画内容。这点在题干中也有强调(with a brief description of the picture)。对图画内容的描述可以引用图画中人物的对话。简要描述即可，不用发散或挖掘。也就意味着，事实
21、上你若看不懂图画中的“核废物”，其实没关系，照抄就好。 第二段，阐明观点。而观点在题干中事实上给得很清楚：the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. 这进一步说明仔细审清题干比看懂图画中的对话更重要。阐明观点之后的思路与一般的提纲型写作一致，可以先举例说明现象、然后再探讨导致现象的原因以及该现象可能导致的影响等;还可结合数字、研究、名言等进行论证。 末段，除了总结观点外，一般还可以提出建议。这段的写法无论是图画、图表还是提纲写作、甚至格言谚语型写作，都差别不大。 但无论哪种考法，最核心的仍然是：仔
22、细审题、清晰思路、不要犯错。四、六级一贯会在写作题干中包含重要信息甚至观点，因此审题必不可少;各种考法的文章展开方式、各段写法有类似之处，我们要学会融会贯通，以及文章只要没有犯语言错误，即便遣词造句不那么漂亮，分数也不会低。,2013年6月真题： 图画的内容和构图：父亲和男孩子的对话，孩子说“ Dad，I am a bit worried about disposing of nuclear weapon.”，父亲则回答“ If you can empty the dustbin, you can do anything. ” ，说话间，手指着垃圾桶。 Why am I going to sc
23、hool if my phone already knows evrything?,2013年6月真题： 图画的内容和构图：父亲和男孩子的对话，孩子手里拿着手机对爸爸说 Why am I going to school if my phone already knows everything?,disposing 排列 安排 处理（dispose的现在分词）,作文的第一段，要进行简单描绘图画内容，这是必须的，也是题目中强制要求的(a brief description of the picture)。描述的时候，只要把父子两的对话移植到第一段，然后把父亲手指垃圾桶的动作描绘一下就可以了，非常简
24、单。 作文的第二段，进行主旨提炼并且论述。这幅图画很容易看出主题，那就是做大事之前，要先做小事(一屋不扫，何以扫天下)，而且题目中其实早就已经透露了主题了 (express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big。)因此，第二段通篇论述小事做起的重要性就可以了。 作文第三段，总结，启发。这一段再次强调小事做起的意义，我们不能低估他的威力。,We can see from the illustration there is a father talking to his
25、 son. Having heard his sons words “Dad, I am a bit worried about disposing of nuclear weapons”， the father replies, “If you can empty the dustbin here, you can do anything”， pointing the garbage can beside him. Funny and common as the conversation sounds, it reflects that the father intends to advis
26、e his son to do small things before undertaking the big. Unquestionably, doing small things is the first step of success and will lay root for doing something big. By doing something small, we are enabled to accumulate experience, master skills and train ourselves to be more patient. In other words,
27、 we can be well prepared for further challenges in the course of fulfilling small things. By contrast, those who set out to do something big will be constantly haunted by disappointment, frustrations or even failures. As when opportunity “something big” appears, they can hardly seize them because of
28、 the lack of experience and confidence stems from doing small things. Taking the picture presented above as a case in point, how can the little boy succeed in disposing of nuclear weapons if he even doesnt know how to empty the dustbin? From my perspective, under no circumstances should we undervalu
29、e the power of doing small things. Instead, we should regard small things as the source of experience, skills and the prerequisite of success. “Great achievement only belongs to those who can do small things perfectly。” Aristotle once said.,6.名词化手段： 用名词或名词词组替换一个句子或句子的主要部分，然后使这个名词或名词短语成为另外一个句子的组成部分，以
30、达到合并句子的目的。如： We were very much surprised Mary refused the invitation We were very much surprised atby Marys refusal of the invitation(2) 定语化手段：根据语义关系，可以把其中一句转换成形容词或形容词性成分、分词短语、定语从句等，如：The winner was in no mood for speechesThe winner was hot and tiredThewinner，hot and tired，was in no mood speeches(转换
31、成形容词短语),图表作文的写作一般可以分为三个步骤：首先，看懂并理解图表的含义，这是写好图表作文的前提；然后，选择出能充分说明图表主题的典型数据；最后，根据自己的分析结果和文章的题目写出各段的主题句。图表作文一般可以分为三段来写：第一段，总体说明图表所反映的问题或现象，并选用典型数据进行说明；第二段，分析该问题或该现象的原因或后果；第三段，提出解决问题的办法，建议或展望。写文章时有三点要特别注意：第一，要注意图表中哪些数据前后变化最大。第二，要借助有关数据和提示，紧扣文章的主题，对数据所反映的问题或现象进行说明、评论，写出作者自己的看法和事物发展的趋势。第三，对图表内容的分析一定要有说服力。,
32、四级作文-2,四级真题作文：Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写。 2. 出现这种现象的原因是 3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为.,back,写作步骤：列提纲（必不可少的一步-现象类说明文 第一段提纲：提出主题第二段提纲：分点阐述出现这种现象的原因是第三段提纲：阐述为了改变这种状况，我认为., 学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 影响英语写作、英语提高,应试教育 老师教学中没有重视拼写 学生懒惰, 将拼写纳入考试中 老师、学生要重视拼写 提高学生对单词拼写的兴趣,第一段：Nowadays, students attac
33、h less importance to the spelling of words in the process of English study. This phenomenon greatly influences students writing and brings on worries among teachers.,Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling,第二段：Three leading factors may have caused such a grave problem. First, exam-oriented educati
34、on makes the students pay less attention to spelling. Second, some teachers should also be responsible for it because they dont emphasize the importance of spelling during teaching. Last but not least, some students are too lazy to recite words.,第三段：Since spelling is one of the most important factor
35、s in English study, due attention should be given to it. first, exams should be modified to add some factors into it, which would help student pay more attention to spelling. Then, schools should also set effective mechanisms to help teachers as well as the students to realize the importance. Finall
36、y, for students themselves, they can, through other ways, make them be interested in word spelling. Only by these can we surly realize the importance of spelling and make improvement.,主题句的写法1,如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写。,back,(1)For most students, no attention has yet been given to spelling in their English l
37、earning.,(2)Nowadays, English learners in China do not attach due importance to spellings in their language learning.,Nowadays, a lot of students dont pay attention to the spelling in their English study,主题句的写法2,2. 出现这种现象的原因是,Two principal factors have been identified as the leading contributors to
38、the problem, namely, A and B. Two leading/major factors may have caused such a grave problem.,There are three reasons accounting for this problem.,主题句的写法3,3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为.,In order to change this situation, I think,In my opinion (point of view), two powerful measures must be taken immediately to cha
39、nge this situation,1. 现象式 (1) With the rapid development of society, students are attaching more and more importance to,Dual Degrees,(2) has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to day life.,Private cars,1. 现象式,(3) As society develops, great changes have taken place in,Private cars
40、,(4)过去XX年，发生了什么,The past decade has seen (witnessed, experienced, undergone) eg. The past decade has witnessed the phenomenon that a growing number of students are keen on pursuing dual degrees.,万能开头句,The past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy owing to the reform and opening-up poli
41、cy being carried out, bring some problems at the same time, with the following one being the formost.,2 数字式,原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。,不妨试用下面的句型：,According to a recent survey, about of,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造,According to a recent survey involving over 3000 undergraduates, 35% of the university students nev
42、er said “Thank You“ to their parents.,78.9%,the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.,3 名人名言式,1. As an old saying goes, time is money. 2. As the proverb goes, practice makes perfect.,3. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart, as Socrates, the renowned/ distinguish
43、ed Greek philosopher, once observed/ concluded !,4. Practice makes perfect, as one renowned philosopher, once observed!,4 提问式,How can we succeed in a job interviewer? Different people have different opinions on this question. Some people believe that,Should College Students Live on Campus ? Differen
44、t people have different opinions on this question. Some people believe that,学会遣词造句,一 二 三原则,考官们看文章必然要通过关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章 是否结构清楚，条理自然。,1）first, second, third, last,（不推荐，原因：俗）,2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally,（不推荐，原因：俗）,3）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally,（强烈推荐）,4）to start with, next, in add
45、ition, finally,（强烈推荐）,5）first and foremost, besides, last but not least,（强烈推荐）,遣词-七大恶心词汇,important very think different in my opinion People government,替换六大恶心词汇,important = （significant, essential） very beautiful = (wonderfully beautiful) think = (harbor the idea) different = (various) in my opinion
46、 =(from my own perspective) people = (individuals/ folks) government =(authorities),举例,The bicyle is important for us. The bicyle is of importancce for us. The bicyle plays an important role in our life. The bicycle, environmental friendliness vehicle, plays an important role in our life.,举例,As far
47、as I am concerned. As far as I am firmly concerned. As far as the private cars are concerned, I firmly believe that,举例,I am offering thanks to my parents. I am, from my bottom heart, offering my gratitude to my loving parents.,高分必杀句型之一1. 过去XX年，发生了什么The past decade has seen (witnessed, experienced, u
48、ndergone)规律：低分：时间状语+主句：高分：时间作主语+has/have+ witnessed, seen, experienced+其他,高分作文必杀句型2 2. 某人（我）觉得，认为。低分：I believe (think)+宾从 高分： （2）句子，as I am firmly convinced.(3) It can be argued (assumed, concluded) that+从句,高分作文必杀句型4 3. 名言警句：我还记得有一为伟人、名人说过。 低分：I still remember a famous person once said that+宾语从句 高分：
49、原来的宾从改为主句，+ as 牛人的名字，+同位语+once 说过（高级词汇）,例 证 低分：I still remember that a famous person once said that impossible is nothing for a willing heart! 必杀句型提高后： Nothing is impossible for a willing heart, as Socrates, the renowned/ distinguished Greek philosopher, once observed/ concluded !,微观:高分对策,高分词汇替换 句子间的衔接短语 常见高分表达法： 检查：避免明显的语法错误,Eg. 在过去十年中，越来越多的学生出现了不同的拼写问题。During the past ten years, more and more students have different kinds of spelling problems in English learning.,
