1、学习祈使句应的五个要点祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称，但往往省去不用。同学们在学习祈使句时应注意以下几点：一、祈使句谓语用何动词形式英语祈使句的谓语总是用动词原形。如：Be quiet! 别说话!Come earlier next time. 下次早点来。Have a good time. 愿你玩得痛快。Go and tell her. 去告诉她吧。注：有时为了加强语气，可在动词前加 do。如：Do be careful. 务请小心。Do come on time. 务必请准时来。二、肯定祈使句如何变成否定祈使句祈使句否定式的构成方法是在动词原形前加
2、 dont：Dont be late. 不要迟到。Dont speak so loud. 别这么大声说话。Dont walk on the grass. 不要在草坪上走。Dont lose the key. 别把钥匙丢了。Dont come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。三、与 please 连用以使语气委婉为使语气委婉，通常将祈使句与 please 连用。Please 可用于 祈使句的句首(其后通常不用逗号) 或句末(其前通常用逗号) 。如：Please dont get angry. 请不要生气。Please drive more slowly. 请开得
3、慢一点。Please cut me a piece of cake. 请给我切一块蛋糕。Please try to be quiet. 请设法保持安静。Please repeat what youve just said. 请把你刚才说的话重复一遍。四、关于以 let 开头的祈使句Lets eat out tonight. 我们今晚出去吃饭吧。Let me have a try. 我来试一试。Let me show you how to do it. 我来告诉你怎样做。Let every man do his best. 让每个人人尽其才。 Let the meat cook slowly.
4、把肉用慢火炖。注意：1. 这类祈使句的否定式有两种形式。如：Lets not hurry. / Dont lets hurry. 我们不要太急。2. let 后用作宾语补足语的动词要用原形，不能用带 to 的不定式。五、祈使句的反意疑问句形式1. 在通常情况下，若陈述部分为祈使句，反意疑问句通常用 will you, wont you, would you 等。如：Turn on the TV, will you? 把电视打开，好吗?Tell me the truth, wont you? 告诉我实话，好吗? If you want help, let me know, would you?
5、如果你需要帮助，告诉我，好吗?注：若陈述部分为否定式，则反意疑问句部分只用 will you。如：Dont forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信。2. 若陈述部分为以 let 开头的祈使句，则要分两种情况：(1) 表示请求时，用 will you?Let me do it for you, will you? 让我替你做，好吗？Let us know your address, will you? 把你的地址告诉我们吧，好吗?(2) 表示建议时，用 shall we?Lets go swimming together, shall we? 我们
6、一起去游泳好吗?Lets all sit under this tree, shall we? 咱们都坐在这棵树下，好不好？祈使句如何变为否定句一、一般情况一般说来，祈使句的否定是在祈使句首加 Dont。如：(1) Come here. Dont come here. 不要来这儿。(2) Be angry. Dont be angry. 不要生气二、let 型当祈使句表示邀请或建议(Lets) 时，则在 Lets 与 do 之间加 not。如：(1) Lets talk about it. Lets not talk about it. 我们别谈论它吧。(2) Lets go swimming
7、 there. Lets not go swimming there. 我们别去那里游泳吧。三、无动词型无动词祈使句的否定：在无动词祈使句的句首加 not。如：(1) Here? Not here. 不是这里。(2) Green?Not green. 不是绿色的。(3) This one? Not this one. 不是这个。祈使句如何变为反意疑问句一、基本原则若陈述部分为祈使句，反意问句通常用 will you, wont you, would you 等。如：Mail the letter today, will you? 今天就把信发掉，好吗? Try to be back by tw
8、o, wont you? 设法两点之前回来，好吗? 注：若陈述部分为否定式，则反意问句部分只用 will you。如：Dont forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信。有时根据语境的需要，反意问句也可以用 can you, cant you 等：Give me some cigarettes, can you? 给我些香烟，可以吗? Walk faster, cant you? 走快点，不行吗?二、let 型1. 当祈使句为 Lets时：反意问句总是用 shall we。如：Lets phone her now, shall we? 我们现在就给
9、她打电话，好吗?Lets go to the cinema tonight, shall we? 今晚咱们去看电影，好吗？2. 当祈使句为 Let us时：若表示请求，反意问句用 will you；若表示表示建议，则用 shall we。如：Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗?Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗?注：lets只表示建议，所以其后反意问句总是用 shall we。而 let us既可表示建议请求，也可表示建议(较正式 )，其后的反意问句要根据这两种不同情况
10、分别使用 will you和 shall we。祈使句与感叹句一、祈使句1. 祈使句主要用于提出请求，发出邀请，给予指示、忠告或警告，也可发出命令等。2祈使句的特点是：一般不出现主语(you)，但有时为了指明向谁请求或命令，也可以说出主语；谓语动词一律用原形；否定式一律在动词前面加 dont。如：Come this way, madam. 这边走，夫人。Dont lose the key. 别把钥匙丢了。Someone fetch a pail of water. 谁去打一桶水来(from )。3. 有关祈使句最可能涉及的考点是：祈使句带主语以及“祈使句+and / then / or+陈述句
11、”这一句型(祈使句表示条件) 。另外，祈使句与反意疑问句一起考查也是高考一大特点。如：Lets phone her now, shall we? 我们现在就给她打电话，好吗 ?You girls stand in the front row, will you? 你们女孩子站在前排，好吗？Work hard, and youll pass the exam. 努力点，你会通过考试的。请做以下试题：(1) Jim, you go there to help him, _?A. do you B. will you C. are you D. have you答案选 B。句首的呼语 Jim 清楚地
12、表明这一个祈使句，只是其前带了主语而已。(2) _ me back my money, or Ill ring the police.A. Giving B. Given C. Give D. To give答案选 C。填空处为祈使句谓语，故用动词原形。二、感叹句感叹句的基本结构特点是：What+a / an+(adj.) 单数可数名词 (+主语+ 动词)！What +adj.+不可数名词或复数可数名词！How+adj. / adv.(+主语+动词 )! How adj.+an +单数可数名词 (+主语+动词)!如：What a lovely day it is! 多好的天气!What a g
13、ood heart you have! 你的心肠真好!What interesting stories hes told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣！How clever the boy is! 这男孩真聪明！How clever a boy he is! 他这孩子真聪明！注：以上基本结构也可能有变体。如：How nice of you to come! 你来了真好(from )！What a joy to have you with us! 有你和我们在一起真令人高兴 !What a mistake it is to have come! 来这里是个多大的错误呀!学习祈使句的几个基本要点
14、一、祈使句的概念和一般形式表示请求、命令等的句子叫祈使句。它的主语是听话人(you) ，一般不需要说出来。通常以动词原形开头。祈使句末尾用惊叹号或句号，句子用降调。如：Open the door, please. 请把门打开。Be quiet, boys. 孩子们，安静点。Hurry up!快点跟上。但有时为了指明向谁请求或发出命袋子令，也可说出主语来。如：Alice, you close your book. 艾丽期，请你把书关上。二、祈使句的否定式祈使句的否定式是在动词原形前加 dont。如：Dont be late again. 不要再迟到了()。Please dont forget t
15、o take your medicine. 请不要忘记吃药。Dont lets quarrel about it. (=Lets not quarrel about it. ) 我们不要为此事争吵了。三、祈使句的强调式Do be on time. 务必准时。Do come early. 务必早点来。四、区分 lets 与 let us /sb. Please let him in. 请让他进去。Lets go swimming, shall we? 我们去游泳，好吗？No, lets not. /Yes, lets. 不要去了。/我们去吧。Let us go swimming, will yo
16、u? 请你让我们去游泳，好吗？No, youd better not. 你们最好别去。祈使句用法详解：表厌烦或为耐烦典型例句Do be quiet. 安静点儿吧!Stop probing! 不要盘根问底了 !Speak quietly, cant you ? 说话沉稳些，行不行？Stop fiddling with that TV, will you? 别摆弄那台电视机了，行不行 ?祈使句用法详解：表警告或威胁典型例句Dont be rude. 不要无礼。Dont you speak to me like that! 你别这样跟我讲话!Stir, and you are a dead man.
17、 动一下就要你的命。Never speak to me like that again. 决不要再那个样子跟我说话。Put that down, or else Ill smack you. 把它放下来，不然我会揍你。Do that again and Ill call a policeman. 你再这样做我就要叫警察了。Fail to pay and theyll cut off the electricity. 你如果不付款，他们就要断电。没有动词的祈使句祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、形容词、副词等，如：Help! 救人哟!Fire! 失火了!Patience! 要有耐心!Care
18、ful! 小心!Quickly! 快!Hands up! 举起手来！Good heavens! 天哪!“be+过去分词”用于祈使句be 可以和少数过去分词连用，用于祈使句当中。如：Be prepared! 准备好 !Please be seated! (请)坐下!Be warned! 该小心了 !试比较：Get washed! 去洗一洗 !注：祈使句偶尔也用进行式，即 be 后接现在分词。如：Be listening to this station at the same time tomorrow night. 请于明晚同一时间听本台的广播。“be+形容词”用于祈使句只有表示一时的行为的形容
19、词才可用于 be / dont be 之后，如 careful / careless, patient / impatient, quiet, silly 等 (be / dont be 通常不可与指状态的形容词连用，如 hungry / thirsty, pretty)。如：Be quiet! 安静点！Dont be silly! 不要发傻！Do be patient. 一定要有耐心。Be careful about what you say. 说话要小心。Be more careful with your work. 你的工作要再细心一些。Be careful not to break a
20、nything. 当心别打破什么了。Be sure you dont break any of them. 千万别把它们打破了。Be sure to write to ma as soon as you get there. 到了千万给我来信。Be sure and come as soon as possible. 一定要尽快来。Be sure to send out all the invitations today. 一定要在今天把请帖都发出去。注意有关的回答( )：Be quiet! 别说话! 否定的回答：I wont! 我不嘛 ! Dont be so impatient! 别这么着
21、急! 否定的回答：Im not! 我不着急! “be+名词”用于祈使句许多“be (肯定式) +名词”结构是习惯用法Be a man! 要做个男子汉 !Be an angel and fetch me my slippers please. 请行行好，把我的拖鞋拿来。Go on! Have another slice! Be a devil! 继续吃呀! 再来一片 ! 放开吃!否定式的“Dont be+名词”结构要常用得多，往往与( 愚蠢的)行为有关。如：Dont be an ass / a clown / a fool / an idiot! 别当傻瓜 / 小丑 / 笨蛋 / 白痴!请注意：
22、“be+形容词+名词”结构：Be a good girl at sch001.Dont be a silly idiot! 在学校你要做个好姑娘。别当个傻瓜 !be 可以表示“ 成为” 之义，尤其在广告中发。如：Be a better cook! Be the envy of your friends! 你可当个好厨师 ! 你可成为你的朋友们羡慕的对象!否定式 dont be (=dont become) 常用于劝告。如：Dont be a racing driver! Its So dangerous. 别当赛车运动员!太危险了。be 还可以意谓“装作”，特别是用在 you 后面。如：(Yo
23、u) be the fairy godmother and Ill be Cinderella. 你装仙姑，我装灰姑娘。Be a monster, granddad! 爷爷，你装个妖怪!要注意类似下面这样的用法：Now be yourself again! 现在可再显出你的本色了！是考查祈使句还是非谓语动词请看下面这道题，是考查祈使句还是考查非谓语动词？_ the road round to the right and youll find his house. A. Follow B. FollowingC. To follow D. Followed【分析】正确答案选 A。根据句中的连词
24、and 可推知它是一个并列句。假若将此题改为下面这样，则答案为 B：_ the road round to the right, youll find his house.A. Follow B. FollowingC. To follow D. Followed但是，若改成下面一题这样，则答案为 C(不定式短语表目的)：_ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.A. Follow B. FollowingC. To follow D. Followed请做以下试题，答案均选 A，都是因为句中的并
25、列连词 and（填空句为祈使句）：(1) _ to the top of the hill, and you can see the whole of the town.A. Get B. To getC. Getting D. Having got(2) _ the milk and set a good example to the other children. A. Drink B. To drinkC. Drinking D. Having drinking(3) _ me, and then try to copy what I do. A. Watch B. WatchingC.
26、 To watch D. Have watching(4) _ through this book and tell me what you think of it. A. Look B. LookingC. To look D. Having looked(5) _ it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. Leave B. LeavingC. If you leave D. When left有时不用连词连接句子，而用破折号，情况也是一样(答案均选 A)。如： (6) _ down the radio the babys asleep in the n
27、ext room.A. Turn B. TurningC. to turn D. To have turned(7) _ some of this juice perhaps you will like it.A. Try B. TryingC. To try D. To have tried以下各题也应选 A，是因为句中的从属连词 when, before, until 等（填空句为祈使句）：(8) _ him enough time to get home before you telephone. A. Give B. To giveC. Giving D. Given(9) _ lef
28、t when you get to the end of the street. A. Keep B. KeepingC. To keep D. Kept(10) _ your hand over your mouth when you cough. A. Put B. PuttingC. To put D. To be putting(11)_ until the lights have turned to green. A. Wait B. To waitC. Waiting D. Having waited(12) _ the pieces of cloth with a loose s
29、titch before finally sewing them together. A. Join B. To joinC. Joining D. Joined以下各题也应选 A，因为填空句为祈使句 (from )：(13) I dont want to listen a long story just _ me the result. A. tell B. tellingC. to tell D. to be telling(14) Why stand there watching _ and help us!A. come B. comingC. to come D. to be com
30、ing(15) Dont waste your money on silly things _ it. A. save B. to saveC. saving D. having saved(16) First _ the rice by washing it, then _ it in boiling water. A. prepare, cook B. preparing, cookingC. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking(17) To test eggs, _ them in a bowl of water: if they float they
31、re bad, if they sink theyre good. A. put B. puttingC. to put D. to be putting但是请注意，类似下面这样的题目情形有所不同，所填部分为目的状语（用不定式，即答案选 B）：(18) _ French well, she went to France to live with his cousins.A. Study B. To studyC. Studying D. Having studied(19) _ late in the morning, Mr. Smith turned off the alarm.A. Sleep B. To sleepC. Sleeping D. Having slept(20) _ the flies out, we had to shut all the doors and windows.A. Keep B. To keepC. Keeping D. Having kept(21) _ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.A. Improving B. To improveC. Improve D. Having improved
