1、专题三阅读理解,第3讲推理判断题,栏目索引,推理判断题常见的命题形式：1.细节推断题(1)It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that .(2)The author strongly suggests that .(3)The writer implies but not directly states that .(4)The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that .,命题方式,2.文章来源或读者对象类推断题(1)The passage would most likely be fo
2、und in .(2)In which of the following publications would this passage most likely come from?(3)Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?3.写作意图类推断题(1)What is the main purpose of the author in writing this passage?(2)The purpose of the passage is to get people to .(3)The writer writes t
3、he last paragraph in order to .,4.态度倾向类推断题(1)The attitude of the author towards.is .(2)Whats the writers attitude towards.?(3)What does the author think about.?,返回,1.细节推断题要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。考生只有把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可以判断正确答案。,技法点拨,典题印证,(2016四川，B片段)Our o
4、wn experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.,27.What can be infe
5、rred from the last paragraph?A.The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.B.Much more progress will be made in the near future.C.The work on health is the most valuable experience.D.Peoples efforts have been materially rewarded.,解析,解析推理判断题。根据本段最后提到的“It has changed who we are and co
6、ntinues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.”可知穷人的生活将会变得更好。故选A。,2.文章来源或读者对象类推断题考生本身要具备一定的常识，把文章的内容与自己所具备的常识结合起来做出正确的判断。如要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等文章的语言特色，特别是其专用词汇有基本的了解，根据文章的语言特色和其专用词汇对号入座，快速选出最佳答案。,(2015重庆，C),典题印证,Lakeland
7、er 2 hours agoToday，a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading，making many passengers upset.I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaper out loud on the train.I have never had the courage to do it，though.,Pak50 57 minutes agoWhy not give it a try? Perhap
8、s you should take lessons on a musical instrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.When his request was refused，he took out his French horn(号) and started to practise.,Angie OEdema 42 minutes agoI dont see how musical instruments can
9、 help improve manners in public.Dont do to others what you wouldnt like to be done to yourself.Once，a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone.I left my seat quietly，giving him some privacy to finish his conversation.He realized this and apologised to me.When his phone rang again lat
10、er，he left his seat to answer it.You see，a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.,Taodas 29 minutes agoI did read my newspaper out loud on a train，and it turned out well.The guy took it in good part，and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.,Sophie76 13 minutes agoI have not tri
11、ed reading my newspaper out loud on a train，but，several years ago，I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and noisy children.Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did.,47.Where is the passage most probably taken from?A.A webpage. B.A newspaper.C.A novel. D.A report.,解析,解析文章出处题。根据
12、文章的写作风格以及每个帖子的时间提示可知，应该最有可能来自于网页。,3.写作意图类推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。判断文章的写作目的时一定要对文章主题有正确的把握，阅读时务必找准文章的主旨句，准确归纳文章主题。,(2016全国，C)If you are a fruit groweror would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to
13、see whats around.Its called Apple Day but in practice its more like Apple Month.The day itself is on October 21，but since it has caught on，events now spread out over most of October around Britain. Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see，and often taste，a wide variety of apples.To people who
14、 are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets，it can,典题印证,be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence，such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.Although it doesnt taste of anything special，its still worth a try，
15、as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette，but youll need a warm，sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it，so its a pip
16、e dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.,At the events，you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions，and because these are family affairs，children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an i
17、nterest in fruit，including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience，try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale，near Faversham in Kent.,31.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To show how to grow apples. B.To introduce an apple
18、 festival.C.To help people select apples. D.To promote apple research.,解析写作意图题。根据第一段第一句“If you are a fruit groweror would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around.”和最后一段最后一句“If you want to have a real orchard experience，try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale，
19、near Faversham in Kent.”可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日Apply Day，并推荐人们参加这个节日，故选B。,解析,4.态度倾向类推断题考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。该类型题目的选项一般含有以下三类词：(1)中性词：uninterested(不感兴趣的)，neutral(中立的)，indifferent(漠不关心的)等；(2)褒义词：positive(积极的)，supportive(支持的)，humorous(滑稽的)，enthusiastic(热情的)，admirin
20、g(赞赏的)等；(3)贬义词：disgusted(厌恶的)，critical(批评的)，negative(否定的，消极的)，disappointed(失望的)等。,(2016北京，D片段)The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity.However，now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence，during which many of t
21、odays students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations，college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within.In the past two decades，however，continued connection with and dependence on famil
22、y，thanks to cell phones，email and social,典题印证,media，have increased significantly.Some parents go so far as to help with coursework.Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility，universities have given in to the idea that the
23、y should provide the same environment as that of the home.,67.Whats the authors attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?A.Sympathetic. B.Disapproving.C.Supportive. D.Neutral.,解析观点态度题。文章第一段作者说现在的大学生没有承担起成人的责任，第二段作者分析了原因，指出由于父母的引导延伸到了大学导致学生自主能力的缺失。由此可见，作者对父母给大学生的持续引导是不赞成的。故选B项。
24、,解析,返回,跟踪训练,AMost people I meet want to develop more harmonious and satisfying relationships.But we may not realize that this can only be achieved by partnering with two new and strange allies(盟友)：uncertainty and confusion.Most of us arent trained to like confusion or to admit we feel hesitant and u
25、ncertain.In our schools and organizations，we place value on sounding certain and confident.,As life continues to speed up，I believe our changing world requires less certainty and far more curiosity.Im not suggesting we let go of our beliefs，but that we become curious about what someone else believes
26、.As we become open to the disturbing differences，sometimes we discover that anothers way of interpreting the world is actually essential to our survival.For me，the first step in becoming curious is to admit that Im not succeeding in figuring things out by myself.If my solutions dont work as well as
27、Id like，I take these as signs that its time to begin asking others what they think.I try to become a conscious listener，actively listening for differences.,There are many ways to listen for differences.Lately，Ive been listening for what surprises me.This isnt easyIm accustomed to sitting there，noddi
28、ng my head as someone voices his opinions.But when I notice what surprises me，Im able to see my own views more clearly，including my assumptions.If youre willing to be disturbed and confused，I recommend you begin a conversation with someone who thinks differently from you.Listen for whats different a
29、nd what surprises you.Try to stop the voice of judgement or opinion and just listen.At the end，notice whether youve learned something new.,We have the opportunity many times a day to be the one who listens to others and the one who is curious rather than certain.When we listen with fewer judgements，
30、we always develop better relationships with each other.Its not differences that divide us.Its our judgements that do.Curiosity and good listening bring us back together.As I consider partnering with confusion and uncertainty，Im learning that we dont have to agree with each other in order to think we
31、ll together.There is no need for us to be joined at the head.We are already joined by our hearts.,语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述人们只要承认人际关系中存在不确定和困惑，就能发展和谐的令人满意的人际关系。,解析,1.According to the passage，when communicating with others，most of us try to behave .A.hesitantly and confusedlyB.honestly and harmoniously C.res
32、ponsibly and activelyD.confidently and convincingly,解析推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Most of us arent trained to like confusion or to admit we feel hesitant and uncertain.In our schools and organizations，we place value on sounding certain and confident.”可以推测，在与别人交往中，大多数人总是想表现出自信和确定的态度。故选D。,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,解析,
33、2.According to the author，in order to cope with our changing world，we should .A.reconsider traditional beliefs before accepting themB.learn to interpret other peoples behaviorC.become more curious about other peoples opinionsD.try to develop more harmonious relationships with others,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,
34、9,10,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“As life continues to speed up，I believe our changing world requires less certainty and far more curiosity.Im not suggesting we let go of our beliefs，but that we become curious about what someone else believes.”可知，作者认为这个世界不需要人们保持那么多的肯定，人们需要的更多的应该是好奇心。故选C。,
35、解析,3.What does the passage advise you to do when you hear different ideas?A.We should let go of our beliefs.B.We should admit that we are not succeeding in figuring out things.C.We should be accustomed to sitting there and listening.D.We should listen and find out the valuable points.,解析细节理解题。根据第五段最
36、后三句“Listen for whats different and what surprises you.Try to stop the voice of judgement or opinion and just listen.At the end，notice whether youve learned something new.”可知，作者建议在倾听那些不同的看法时不要打断别人，要仔细倾听然后从中发现有价值的东西。故选D。,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,解析,4.What do the underlined sentences in the passage imply?
37、（ ）A.We should listen more and judge less.B.We should make decisions based on sound judgement.C.Differences among people separate them.D.It is important to seek common ground and reserve differences.,解析推理判断题。根据划线句子前一句“When we listen with fewer judgements，we always develop better relationships with e
38、ach other.(倾听时，我们评论地越少，我们的关系越好。)”可知，作者建议读者少一些评论。再分析“Its not differences that divide us.Its our judgements that do.(不是观点的异同使得两个人关系疏远，而是我们的评论。)”可知，选A。,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,5.Which of the following best describes the authors attitude to uncertainty and confusion? ( )A.Favorable. B.Resistant.C.Curious.
39、D.Doubtful.,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,解析,解析作者态度题。根据最后一段第一句“As I consider partnering with confusion and uncertainty，Im learning that we dont have to agree with each other in order to think well together.”可推测，作者对困惑和不确定的态度为“赞同的”。favorable赞同的，称赞的；resistant抵抗的；curious好奇的；doubtful怀疑的。故选A。,BI stole your dog tod
40、ay.No，I didnt set a foot on your house，but from the condition of your dog，I can imagine what it looks like.the word “rubbish” comes to mind.I found her along a road，with a heavy chain wrapped around her neck，still attached to rotten boards from her doghouse.Not only did I know that most of the town
41、people had already ignored her，judging by where I found her，but I knew that if she had gotten into the Woods，the,“cross” that she dragged behind her would have wrapped around a tree until starvation or thirst killed her.She has a beautiful name now.Already in the first week she has come to look more
42、 like she should.Her eyes sparkle and she has learned to wag her tail in greeting.She has stopped flinching (畏缩) when I make a sudden movement，because she knows now that I wont beat her，in fact，she rarely leaves my side.Shes even become brave enough to bark at a cat and today I watched from the wind
43、ow as she attempted to play with the other dogs.No，its clear she does not miss you or her former life on a chain.,Its not clear yet whether shell remain here or whether Ill find her a loving home where she can count on more individual attention than I can give her，but one thing is certain，this is on
44、e bit of stolen “property” who is never returning to you.So sue me，accuse me，plead with the courts that she is rightfully yours.Im convinced this is the best “crime” Ive ever committed.Hardly anything has pleased me more than the day I stole your dog.I need only look into her beautiful brown eyes to
45、 know that shed defend my decision with her life.If we have one prayer，it is that you will not replace her，and if we have one special day to celebrate together，it is the day I stole your dog and the day she stole my heart.,语篇解读作者收留了一只受虐待的小狗，并对之进行了精心养护。通过自己对小狗的爱心，更加反衬出小狗前主人的渺小。,6.Whats the authors at
46、titude towards the former owner of the dog?( )A.Puzzled. B.Angry.C.Shocked. D.Satisfied.,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,解析推理判断题。由文中对小狗的遭遇的描述和最后一段第一句中的“but one thing is certain，this is one bit of stolen property who is never returning to you”可知，作者对小狗的原主人的行为感到很气愤。,解析,解析推理判断题。由第二段对小狗的遭遇的描述可知，小狗的前主人对小狗非常不好。,7.It
47、can be inferred from the passage that .A.the dog is not lovelyB.the dog tried to find a kind masterC.the dog was treated badly by its former masterD.the author will be charged with stealing a dog,解析,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,解析细节理解题。由第二段第五句至第七句可知，这只小狗现在学会了摇尾巴打招呼、甚至朝着小猫吠叫、试图和其他狗玩耍。这都表明它正在复原。,8.All the fol
48、lowing statements showed us the dogs recovery from her nature except .A.playing with other dogsB.barking at a cat C.not missing her former masterD.waving her tail to make greetings,解析,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,9.What did the author think of his theft?( )A.He was afraid of being punished.B.He thought he had to do it.C.He believed that the law would allow him to do so.D.He did it with pride.,1,2,4,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,
