1、第 3 讲 推理判断题推理判断题常见的命题形式：1细节推断题(1)It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that .(2)The author strongly suggests that .(3)The writer implies but not directly states that .(4)The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that .2文章来源或读者对象类推断题(1)The passage would most likely be found in .(2)In which
2、 of the following publications would this passage most likely come from?(3)Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?3写作意图类推断题(1)What is the main purpose of the author in writing this passage?(2)The purpose of the passage is to get people to .(3)The writer writes the last paragraph in
3、 order to .4态度倾向类推断题(1)The attitude of the author towards.is .(2)Whats the writers attitude towards.?(3)What does the author think about.?1细节推断题要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。考生只有把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可以判断正确答案。典题印证 (2016四川，B 片段)Our own experience working together o
4、n health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.27What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AThe
5、author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.BMuch more progress will be made in the near future.CThe work on health is the most valuable experience.DPeoples efforts have been materially rewarded.答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据本段最后提到的“It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about ho
6、w much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.”可知穷人的生活将会变得更好。故选 A。2文章来源或读者对象类推断题考生本身要具备一定的常识，把文章的内容与自己所具备的常识结合起来做出正确的判断。如要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等文章的语言特色，特别是其专用词汇有基本的了解，根据文章的语言特色和其专用词汇对号入座，快速选出最佳答案。典题印证 (2015重庆，C)Join the discussion.Lakelander2 hours agoToday，
7、a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading，making many passengers upset.I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaper out loud on the train.I have never had the courage to do it，though.Pak5057 minutes agoWhy not give it a try? Perhaps you should take less
8、ons on a musical instrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.When his request was refused，he took out his French horn(号) and started to practise.Angie OEdema42 minutes agoI dont see how musical instruments can help improve manners in
9、 public.Dont do to others what you wouldnt like to be done to yourself.Once，a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone.I left my seat quietly，giving him some privacy to finish his conversation.He realized this and apologised to me.When his phone rang again later，he left his seat to a
10、nswer it.You see，a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.Taodas29 minutes agoI did read my newspaper out loud on a train，and it turned out well.The guy took it in good part，and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.Sophie7613 minutes agoI have not tried reading my newspaper out
11、loud on a train，but，several years ago，I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and noisy children.Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did.47Where is the passage most probably taken from?AA webpage. BA newspaper.CA novel. DA report.答案 A解析 文章出处题。根据文章的写作风格以及每个帖子的时间提示可知，应该最有可能来自于网页。
12、3写作意图类推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。判断文章的写作目的时一定要对文章主题有正确的把握，阅读时务必找准文章的主旨句，准确归纳文章主题。典题印证 (2016全国，C)If you are a fruit groweror would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around.Its called App
13、le Day but in practice its more like Apple Month.The day itself is on October 21，but since it has caught on，events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see，and often taste，a wide variety of apples.To people who are used to the limited choice
14、of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets， it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence，such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.Although it doesnt taste of anything special，its still worth a try，as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cats Head wh
15、ich is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette，but youll need a warm，sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it，so it s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who f
16、all for it.At the events， you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions，and because these are family affairs，children are well catered for with applethemed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit，including stately g
17、ardens and commercial orchards(果园) If you want to have a real orchard experience，try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale，near Faversham in Kent.31What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo show how to grow apples.BTo introduce an apple festival.CTo help people select apples.D
18、To promote apple research.答案 B解析 写作意图题。根据第一段第一句“If you are a fruit groweror would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around.”和最后一段最后一句“If you want to have a real orchard experience，try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale，near Faversham in Kent.”可知，作者向读者介绍了一个节日A
19、pply Day，并推荐人们参加这个节日，故选 B。4态度倾向类推断题考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。该类型题目的选项一般含有以下三类词：(1)中性词：uninterested(不感兴趣的) ，neutral(中立的) ，indifferent( 漠不关心的)等；(2)褒义词：positive( 积极的)，supportive(支持的)，humorous(滑稽的) ，enthusiastic(热情的)，admiring(赞赏的)等；(3)贬义词：disgusted(厌恶的)， critical
20、(批评的) ，negative(否定的，消极的)，disappointed(失望的 )等。典题印证 (2016北京，D 片段 )The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity.However，now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence，during which many of todays students are not shoulde
21、red with adult responsibilities.For previous generations，college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within.In the past two decades，however ，continued connection with and dependence on family，thanks to cell phones， emai
22、l and social media，have increased significantly.Some parents go so far as to help with coursework.Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility，universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environ
23、ment as that of the home.67Whats the authors attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?ASympathetic. BDisapproving.CSupportive. DNeutral.答案 B解析 观点态度题。文章第一段作者说现在的大学生没有承担起成人的责任，第二段作者分析了原因，指出由于父母的引导延伸到了大学导致学生自主能力的缺失。由此可见，作者对父母给大学生的持续引导是不赞成的。故选 B 项。AMost people I meet want to devel
24、op more harmonious and satisfying relationships.But we may not realize that this can only be achieved by partnering with two new and strange allies(盟友) ：uncertainty and confusion.Most of us arent trained to like confusion or to admit we feel hesitant and uncertain.In our schools and organizations，we
25、 place value on sounding certain and confident.As life continues to speed up，I believe our changing world requires less certainty and far more curiosity.Im not suggesting we let go of our beliefs，but that we become curious about what someone else believes.As we become open to the disturbing differen
26、ces，sometimes we discover that anothers way of interpreting the world is actually essential to our survival.For me， the first step in becoming curious is to admit that Im not succeeding in figuring things out by myself.If my solutions dont work as well as Id like，I take these as signs that its time
27、to begin asking others what they think.I try to become a conscious listener，actively listening for differences.There are many ways to listen for differences.Lately，Ive been listening for what surprises me.This isnt easyIm accustomed to sitting there，nodding my head as someone voices his opinions.But
28、 when I notice what surprises me，I m able to see my own views more clearly，including my assumptions.If youre willing to be disturbed and confused，I recommend you begin a conversation with someone who thinks differently from you.Listen for whats different and what surprises you.Try to stop the voice
29、of judgement or opinion and just listen.At the end，notice whether youve learned something new.We have the opportunity many times a day to be the one who listens to others and the one who is curious rather than certain.When we listen with fewer judgements，we always develop better relationships with e
30、ach other.Its not differences that divide us.Its our judgements that do.Curiosity and good listening bring us back together.As I consider partnering with confusion and uncertainty，Im learning that we dont have to agree with each other in order to think well together.There is no need for us to be joi
31、ned at the head.We are already joined by our hearts.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述人们只要承认人际关系中存在不确定和困惑，就能发展和谐的令人满意的人际关系。1According to the passage， when communicating with others，most of us try to behave .Ahesitantly and confusedlyBhonestly and harmoniously Cresponsibly and activelyDconfidently and convincingly答案
32、 D解析 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Most of us arent trained to like confusion or to admit we feel hesitant and uncertain.In our schools and organizations，we place value on sounding certain and confident.”可以推测，在与别人交往中，大多数人总是想表现出自信和确定的态度。故选 D。2According to the author，in order to cope with our changing world，we shou
33、ld .Areconsider traditional beliefs before accepting themBlearn to interpret other peoples behaviorCbecome more curious about other peoples opinionsDtry to develop more harmonious relationships with others答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“As life continues to speed up，I believe our changing world requires les
34、s certainty and far more curiosity.Im not suggesting we let go of our beliefs，but that we become curious about what someone else believes.”可知，作者认为这个世界不需要人们保持那么多的肯定，人们需要的更多的应该是好奇心。故选 C。3What does the passage advise you to do when you hear different ideas?AWe should let go of our beliefs.BWe should ad
35、mit that we are not succeeding in figuring out things.CWe should be accustomed to sitting there and listening.DWe should listen and find out the valuable points.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第五段最后三句“Listen for whats different and what surprises you.Try to stop the voice of judgement or opinion and just listen.At t
36、he end，notice whether youve learned something new.”可知，作者建议在倾听那些不同的看法时不要打断别人，要仔细倾听然后从中发现有价值的东西。故选 D。4What do the underlined sentences in the passage imply?AWe should listen more and judge less.BWe should make decisions based on sound judgement.CDifferences among people separate them.DIt is important
37、to seek common ground and reserve differences.答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据划线句子前一句“When we listen with fewer judgements，we always develop better relationships with each other.(倾听时，我们评论地越少，我们的关系越好。 )”可知，作者建议读者少一些评论。再分析“Its not differences that divide us.Its our judgements that do.(不是观点的异同使得两个人关系疏远，而是我们的评论。)” 可知，选
38、A。5Which of the following best describes the authors attitude to uncertainty and confusion?AFavorable. BResistant.CCurious. DDoubtful.答案 A解析 作者态度题。根据最后一段第一句“As I consider partnering with confusion and uncertainty，Im learning that we dont have to agree with each other in order to think well together.
39、”可推测，作者对困惑和不确定的态度为“赞同的”。favorable 赞同的，称赞的；resistant 抵抗的；curious 好奇的；doubtful 怀疑的。故选 A。BI stole your dog today.No，I didnt set a foot on your house，but from the condition of your dog，I can imagine what it looks like.the word “rubbish” comes to mind.I found her along a road，with a heavy chain wrapped a
40、round her neck，still attached to rotten boards from her doghouse.Not only did I know that most of the town people had already ignored her，judging by where I found her，but I knew that if she had gotten into the Woods，the “cross” that she dragged behind her would have wrapped around a tree until starv
41、ation or thirst killed her.She has a beautiful name now.Already in the first week she has come to look more like she should.Her eyes sparkle and she has learned to wag her tail in greeting.She has stopped flinching (畏缩 ) when I make a sudden movement，because she knows now that I wont beat her，in fac
42、t，she rarely leaves my side.Shes even become brave enough to bark at a cat and today I watched from the window as she attempted to play with the other dogs.No，it s clear she does not miss you or her former life on a chain.Its not clear yet whether shell remain here or whether Ill find her a loving h
43、ome where she can count on more individual attention than I can give her，but one thing is certain，this is one bit of stolen “property” who is never returning to you.So sue me，accuse me，plead with the courts that she is rightfully yours.Im convinced this is the best “crime” Ive ever committed.Hardly
44、anything has pleased me more than the day I stole your dog.I need only look into her beautiful brown eyes to know that shed defend my decision with her life.If we have one prayer，it is that you will not replace her，and if we have one special day to celebrate together，it is the day I stole your dog a
45、nd the day she stole my heart.语篇解读 作者收留了一只受虐待的小狗，并对之进行了精心养护。通过自己对小狗的爱心，更加反衬出小狗前主人的渺小。6Whats the authors attitude towards the former owner of the dog?APuzzled. BAngry.CShocked. DSatisfied.答案 B解析 推理判断题。由文中对小狗的遭遇的描述和最后一段第一句中的“but one thing is certain，this is one bit of stolen property who is never retu
46、rning to you”可知，作者对小狗的原主人的行为感到很气愤。7It can be inferred from the passage that .Athe dog is not lovelyBthe dog tried to find a kind masterCthe dog was treated badly by its former masterDthe author will be charged with stealing a dog答案 C解析 推理判断题。由第二段对小狗的遭遇的描述可知，小狗的前主人对小狗非常不好。8All the following statement
47、s showed us the dogs recovery from her nature except .Aplaying with other dogsBbarking at a cat Cnot missing her former masterDwaving her tail to make greetings答案 C解析 细节理解题。由第二段第五句至第七句可知，这只小狗现在学会了摇尾巴打招呼、甚至朝着小猫吠叫、试图和其他狗玩耍。这都表明它正在复原。 9What did the author think of his theft?AHe was afraid of being puni
48、shed.BHe thought he had to do it.CHe believed that the law would allow him to do so.DHe did it with pride.答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第四句话“Im convinced this is the best crime Ive ever committed.”可知答案。10Whats the purpose did the author write the passage?ATo warn the people in the town not to keep dogs.BTo prove his love to the dog to her former owner.CTo explain to the police why the dog was in the Woods.DTo ask people to find the dog a loving home and an owner who loves dogs.答案 B解析 写作意图题。作者收留了一只受虐待的小狗，并对之进行了精心养护。通过自己对小狗的爱心，更加反衬出小狗前主人的渺小。强化练(二十)题
