1、第 12 讲 介词与介词短语考点 语境词义辨析1The dictionary is _：many words have been added to the language since it was published.(2016天津，2)Aout of control Bout of dateCout of sight Dout of reach答案 B解析 考查“out of名词”型介词短语辨析。句意为：这部词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。out of date 过时，符合语境。out of control 失控；out of sight看不见；out of reac
2、h 够不着。2Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea？(2015浙江，3)Aabout BtoCwith Dover答案 B解析 考查固定搭配。句意为：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？be home to 为固定搭配，意为“是的栖息地，是的家园” 。3Most people work because its unavoidable._，there are some people who actually enjoy work.(2015浙江，10)AAs a result
3、BIn additionCBy contrast DIn conclusion答案 C解析 考查介词短语辨析。句意为：大多数人工作因为这是无法避免的，相比之下，也有一些人确实喜欢工作。根据语境可知，此处表示前后对比。by contrast 相比之下，符合语境。as a result 结果；in addition 另外，此外；in conclusion 总之。4Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.(2015江苏，34)Athanks to Bregardless ofCaside f
4、rom Dbut for答案 D解析 考查介词短语辨析。句意为：如果没有托马斯爱迪生的话，我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanks to 幸亏，由于；regardless of 不管，不顾；aside from 除了，除以外；but for 要不是，如果没有的话。由句意知选 D 项。5This meeting room is a nonsmoking area.I would like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015湖北，30)Ain advance Bin detailCin total
5、Din general答案 A解析 考查“in名词”型短语意义辨析。句意为：这个会议室是“无烟区” 。我想提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你将会被罚款。根据题干中 that 引导的宾语从句可知，说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实，所以选择 in advance。in detail 详细地；in total 总共；in general 一般来说。6The little pupil took his grandma_ the arm and walked her across the street.(2015陕西，12)Aon Bby Cin D at答案 B解析 句意为：那个小学生搀着奶奶的胳膊，
6、送她过了街道。 “动词sb.介词the人体部位”是习惯用法，根据身体的不同的部位变化介词，如：pat sb.on the head，hit sb.in the face 等。7A common memory they all have _ their school days is the school uniform.(2015福建，22)Aof Bon Cto Dwith答案 A解析 考查介词的用法。句意为：他们对校园岁月的共同记忆就是校服。本句使用了 have a memory of 这一搭配，意为“对的记忆” 。考点归纳1几组常见的介词短语(1)out of名词out of questi
7、on 毫无疑问；out of the question 不可能；out of order 次序颠倒；out of sight 看不见；out of place 不合适；out of pity 出于同情；out of curiosity 出于好奇(2)in名词 in power 掌权；in good condition 状态良好；in despair 绝望地；in public/secret 公开地/秘密地；in tears 哭泣；in good/bad repair 保养得好/ 不好；in charge 负责，掌管；in a hurry 匆忙 in anger 生气；in trouble 有困
8、难 (3)in名词介词in case of 以防万一；in honor of 为了纪念；in favor of 支持；in memory of 为了纪念；in charge of 负责；in terms of 从角度；in need of 需要；in praise of 表扬；in view of 鉴于；in return for 作为对的回报；in response to 对的答复或反应(4)under名词under control 受控； under attack 遭到攻击；under way 在进行中；under discussion 在讨论；under consideration 在讨
9、论/考虑中 (5)at名词at work 在工作；at play 在玩耍；at dinner 在吃饭；at ease 轻松，自由自在；at war 在打仗 (6)on名词on fire 着火；on purpose 故意地； on duty 值日；on the phone 在打电话；on leave 在休假； on holiday 在度假；on a walk 在散步；on the rise/fall 上升/下降；on sale 出售；on show/exhibition 展出；on business 出差；on ones way to 在去的路上；on a visit/trip/tour出行(7
10、)to ones情感名词to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是；to ones joy 使某人高兴的是；to ones disappointment令某人失望的是；to one s delight 使某人高兴的是2注意下列短语中介词的用法for nothing 不花钱，免费come across the room 穿过房间feel like doing sth.想要做某事get paid by the week 按周获得报酬be particular about.对苛求、挑剔with satisfaction 满意地be second to none 不输于任何人；不比任何东西差on
11、 ones own 独自地in great quantity 大量地，大批量in great demand 需求量很大take a turn for the better 正朝更好的方向发展keep an eye on 照看，照料with the help of 在的帮助下under the leadership of 在的领导下the article in the newspaper 报纸上的文章a bird in the tree 树上的鸟apples on the tree 树上的苹果tickets for the concert 音乐会的票in the direction of 朝着的
12、方向from the direction of 从的方向set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样3下列短语中 to 为介词belong to 属于date back to 追溯到look forward to 盼望；期望be addicted to 沉溺于be accustomed to 习惯于be/get used to doing.习惯于做 be devoted to.致力于 stick to 坚持方法 1 汉语对照法在高考试题中，考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的，这就涉及到一些表示方位的介词，这时可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。(1)Dont you think
13、this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?Aacross BoverCabove Dthrough 答案 A解析 句意为：难道你不觉得这件衬衣肩部太紧了？across the shoulder 从肩的一边到另一边。over，above 指在上方；through 指从事物的内部穿过。(2)Sean has formed the habit of jogging _ the treelined avenue for two hours every day.Abetween BalongCbelow Dwith 答案 B解析 句意为：Sean 已经养成了每天沿林
14、荫大道慢跑两个小时的习惯。between 在两者之间；along 沿着；below 在下方；with 与在一起，用，随着。(3)Four Chinese models were _ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.Aamong BbetweenCalong Dbeside 答案 A解析 句意为：在周五的世界超模大赛上，四位中国模特跻身 14 位获奖选手当中。among位于(两者以上)之间；between 在两者之间；along 沿着； beside 在旁边。方法 2 固定短语法
15、关于介词的固定搭配，在解答试题时，要注意从句子中找出中心词汇，也就是这个词和选项中的词能够构成一个固定搭配，符合句子意思，这样问题就会很快解决。(1)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _ influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.(2016浙江，7)Aon Bin Cat D about答案 B解析 考查介词。句意为：该项研究表明，我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。in the cultures 在的文化中，为固定搭配，故
16、选 B。(2)My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.Aby Bon Cfor D against 答案 D解析 句意为：爸爸警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。warn sb.against doing sth.warn sb.not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事。(3)A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little men.Aunder Bwith Con Dby 答案 D解析 句意
17、为：一位伟人的伟大之处往往通过他对待小人物的方式体现出来。by 表示方式，意为“靠，用，通过” 。方法 3 利用置入法解决介词短语的相关题目关于介词短语的相关题目，一般采用将介词短语置入句子，并进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时多积累相关知识，然后读懂题干的含义。(1)That young man is honest，cooperative ，always there when you need his help._，he s reliable.(2016浙江，6)AOr else BIn shortCBy the way DFor one thing答案 B解析 考查介词短语辨析
18、。句意为：那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作，总是在你需要帮助的时候出现。总之，他是可靠的。or else 否则，要不然；in short 总之，简言之；by the way 顺便说一下；for one thing 一方面。 根据句意可知答案为 B。(2)I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just_.Aby nature Bin returnCin case Dby chance答案 C解析 句意为：我估计我们以前讨论过此事，不过我再问你一次只是以防(免) 我记错了。by nature 生来，本来；i
19、n return 作为报答；in case 以防万一，以免；by chance 偶然地，意外地。由句意可以看出，in case 为最佳答案。(3)_ his being late again，he lost his job and had to stay at home.AOwe to BAs result ofCIn case of DBecause of答案 D解析 根据句意可知，逗号前应为原因状语，故 C 项不对；A 项应为 owing to；B 项应为 as a result of。故只有 D 项正确。强化练(十二)(限时 12 分钟)1It was obvious that the
20、meeting was concerned _ the housing reform and everyone present was concerned _ their own interests.Awith；with Bwith ；forCfor； about Dabout；with答案 B解析 考查介词。句意为：很显然，这次会议是有关房屋改革的，每个在场的人都很关心他们自己的利益。be concerned with 与有关；be concerned for/about 关心，为担忧。故选 B。2He was born in a Chinese immigrant family who m
21、ade their living _ duck farming and fruit trading.Aagainst BinCfrom Dfor答案 C解析 句意为：他出生在一个以养鸭场和水果交易为生的华裔移民家庭。make a living from (doing) sth.make a living by (doing) sth.以( 做)某事为生。3It is really boring to practise playing the piano every day.Come on，dear! The rewards you get are _ the effort you put in
22、.Ain proportion to Bin addition toCin contrast to Din regard to答案 A解析 句意为：每天练习弹钢琴真的好无聊。来吧！亲爱的。你所得到的回报与你付出的努力是成正比的。in proportion to 与成比例；in addition to 除之外；in contrast to 与相比，相对于；in regard to 关于。4John accepted the championship award _ the team.Ain honour of Bin favour ofCon account of Don behalf of答案
23、 D解析 句意为：约翰代表球队接受了冠军奖励。on behalf of 代表，符合句意。in honour of为了纪念；in favour of 支持；on account of 因为，由于。5Am I bothering you?No._，I like you to accompany me.AIn a nutshell BOn the other handCIn the end DOn the contrary答案 D解析 句意为：我打扰到你了吗？不，相反，我喜欢你陪着我。on the contrary 相反，符合句意。in a nutshell 简单地；on the other han
24、d 另一方面；in the end 最后。6_ your help，we could not have finished such hard work in time.AIn spite of BBut forCThanks to DAs for答案 B解析 句意为：要不是有你的帮助，我们不可能及时完成这么繁重的任务。but for 倘若没有，要不是(常常用于虚拟语气句子中，表示暗含条件 )；in spite of 尽管，即使；thanks to 幸亏，多亏；as for 至于。该题易误选 C 项，用 thanks to 表示应为“Thanks to your help，we finished
25、 such hard work in time.”。7_ the culture gap and language differences，we still can understand each other through our body language.ARegarding BWithoutCDespite DConsidering答案 C解析 句意为：尽管有文化隔阂和语言差异，但是通过肢体语言，我们仍然能互相理解。despite 尽管，虽然，符合句意。regarding 关于；without 没有；considering 考虑到。8The magician picked severa
26、l persons _ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.Aby accident Bat randomCat risk Don average答案 B解析 句意为：魔术师从观众中随意挑选了几个人，请他们帮助他进行表演。by accident 偶然；at random 随便地；at risk 冒险；on average 平均。 9Different cultural features of ethnic groups are _ one another and work out a melody.
27、Ain tune with Bin parallel withCin contrast to Din response to答案 A解析 句意为：族群之间的文化差异协调在一起共同缔造出一首旋律。in tune with(与)协调； (与)一致； in parallel with 与平行，与并联；in contrast to 与对比；in response to 回答，响应。根据句意，故选 A。10The workers are going on strike for the salaries here are low _ the rates elsewhere.Awith BagainstCt
28、hrough Dbeyond答案 B解析 句意为：工人们打算罢工因为这里的工资与别处相比是很低的。with 和一起；against 依靠，对比，映衬；through 通过内部；beyond 超出。11_ good books，the point is not to see how many of them you can get through，but rather how many can get through to you.AIn the event of BIn the case ofCOn account of DOn top of 答案 B解析 句意为：关于好书，关键不是你读完多少
29、，而是你能理解多少。in the event of 如果，倘若；in the case of 至于；on account of 由于，因为；on top of 除了之外。12So far，thirtyone major infrastructure projects have been completed and another 54 are still _ construction to welcome the G20 summit 2016 in Hangzhou in early September.Ain BonCabove Dunder答案 D解析 句意为：目前，31 个主要的基础项
30、目已经完工，另外 54 个工程正在建设之中，以迎接 2016 年杭州 G20 峰会。under construction 正在建设之中，故选 D。13He has set us a good example by serving people heart and soul，_ his personal gain and loss.Ain terms of Bregardless ofCin favor of Dby means of 答案 B解析 句意为：他全心全意为人民服务，不计个人得失，为大家树立了好榜样。in terms of就而言；regardless of 不管；in favor o
31、f 支持；by means of 通过。根据句意可知选 B 项。14Are you going on a visit to New Zealand next Saturday?I havent decided yet.It is still _.Ain the air Bbetween the linesCto the point Dover the moon答案 A解析 考查介词短语。从答语前半句“I havent decided yet”可知，答话者对于去不去还是“举棋不定，悬而未决(in the air)”。故选 A。between the lines 字里行间，言外之意；to the
32、point 切中要点；over the moon 兴高采烈，欣喜若狂。15China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _ all its citizens.Ain charge of Bfor the purpose ofCin honor of Dfor the benefit of答案 D解析 考查介词短语。句意为：为了所有公民的利益，中国正在推动公立医院的改革。for the benefit of“为了的利益 ”符合题意。in charge of 掌管，负责；for the purpose of 为了目的；in honor
33、of 为了纪念 ；为了向表示尊敬。16It is known that theory is based on practice and _ serves practice.Ain need Bin returnCin turn Din place答案 C解析 考查介词短语。句意为：众所周知，理论是以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。in need 处于困难中；in return 作为回报；in turn 反过来；in place 在适当的位置。由句意可知选 C 项。17My phone was _ and I didnt realize it until this morning.No wond
34、er I couldnt get through last night.Aout of date Bout of placeCout of order Dout of reach答案 C解析 考查介词短语。第一句句意为：我的手机坏了，直到今天早晨我才意识到。out of date 过时；out of place 不合适；out of order 坏了；out of reach 够不着。由句意知选 C。18Bob is kind，hardworking and intelligent；_，I cant speak too highly of him.Aas a result Bin a word
35、Cby the way Don the contrary答案 B解析 考查介词短语。句意为：Bob 是个善良的、工作努力且勤奋的人，总之，我怎么夸奖他都不过分。as a result 结果；in a word 总之；by the way 顺便问一下；on the contrary 正相反。由句意可知选 B 项。19It is _ ill health that she is now not so active in the movement.Ainstead of Bin place ofCthanks to Din face of答案 C解析 考查介词短语。句意为：正是由于不健康，她现在不能积极参与活动。thanks to 由于，多亏，符合句意。20Im waiting for the group to decide our traveling plan _ making it myself.Arather than Bother thanCapart from Dfar from答案 A解析 考查介词短语。句意为：我正在等着那伙人决定我们的旅行计划而不是我自己制定。rather than 而不是；other than 除了；apart from 除了；far from 远非。由句意知选 A。
