1、合同和协议的翻译,合同的主要结构合同的语言特点合同的翻译,Team:来志鸿 叶丹 朱波,合同的主要结构,约首 (Preamble)正文 (Body)约尾 (Witness Clause/Final Clauses),约首,订约日期 Date of signing订约双方 Signing Parties双方合法依据 Each Partys Authority订约地点 Place of Signing订约缘由 Recitals of “Whereas”clause,定义条款 Definition Clause基本条款 Basic Contract一般条款 General Terms and Con
2、ditions合同有效期限 Duration of Contract合同的终止 Termination of Contract不可抗力 Force Majeure合同的让与 Assignment of Contract仲裁 Arbitration适用的法律 Governing Law诉讼管辖 Jurisdiction通知手续 Notice合同的修改 Amendment of Contract其他条款 Others,正文,约尾,合同的份数、使用的文字和效力Copies of Contract, Languages Used and Their Effectiveness签名 Signature签
3、章 Seal,合同的语言特点,使用正式的、法律用语 Party A to send technicians to assist B to install the equipment 甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方在安装设备 In processing transactions, the manufactures never have title either to the materials or the finished products. 在加工贸易中，生产方对原材料和产成品都没有所有权大量使用古英语和外来词 pacta sunt servanda 条约必须被遵守原则 ipso facto
4、依事实本身语言的并列 词语并列结构 under or in accordance with (合同）项下或按照（合同） signed and delivered 签署并寄出 by the government or by any government 由该政府或任何政府 成对同义词结构 Interpret construct solicit accept,練 習 補 充,hereto 英文释义: to this 用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的本文件的”时，使用该词。 中文译词: 至此，在此上。 the Parties hereto Appendix 4 hereto 语法：一般置于要修饰的
5、名词的后面，与之紧邻。,All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto.,对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，本合同双方应友好协商解决,英文释义: by means of , by reason of this中文译词: 特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语 在条款中需要强调时也可用语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.,We hereby certify to
6、the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct,特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，,練 習 補 充,here, there, where 等副词加上in, on, to, by, of, after等介词或介词组合构成的复合词的使用尤为常见。,hereby heretotherebytheretowherebywhereto,特此，兹本文件从而XX中的凭此协议对于那个,合同翻译注意词语,shipping advice 与 shipping instructions shippi
7、ng advice 是“装运通知”，是由出口商（卖主）发给进口商（买主）的。然而 shipping instructions 则是“装运须知”，是进口商（买主）发给出口商（卖主）的。另外要注意区分 vendor卖主与 vendee买主，consignor发货人与consignee收货人。 change A to B 与 change A into B 英译“把 A 改为 B”用“change A to B”，英译“把 A 折合成/兑换成 B”用“change A into B”，两者不可混淆。 in 与 after 当英译“多少天之后”的时间时，往往是指“多少天之后”的确切的一天，所以必须用介
8、词 in，而不能用 after，因为介词 after 指的是“多少天之后”的不确切的任何一天。 ex 与 per 源自拉丁语的介词 ex 与 per 有各自不同的含义。英译由某轮船“运来”的货物时用 ex，由某轮船“运走”的货物用 Per，而由某轮船“承运”用 by。 abide by 与 comply with abide by 与 comply with 都有“遵守”的意思但是当主语是“人”时，英译“遵守”须用 abide by。当主语是非人称时，则用 comply with 英译“遵守”。,練 習 補 充,by and between 由 for and in consideration
9、 of考虑到，鉴于for and on behalf of 为了，代表 save and except除了in full force and effect 生效 furnish and provide提供make and enter into 达成 release and discharge弃权，让渡fulfill or perform 履行 procure and ensure保证和确保force and effect 效力 right and interest权益power and authority 权利 covenants and agreements契约terms and condi
10、tions 条款 goods and chattels个人动产，有形动产customs fees and duties 关税 losses and damages丢失及损毁complaints and claims 投诉及索赔 null and void失效，无效sole and exclusive 唯一且排他的 final and conclusive最终及具决定性的transferable or assignable 可转让的,用语方面,力求严谨，明白无误 The following documents shall be deemed to form and be read and con
11、strued as an integral part of this Contract.下列文件应被认为、读作、解释为本合同的组成部分；多用主动语态，少用被动语态Party A hereby appoints Party B as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (适宜)甲方委托乙方为在新加坡的独家销售代理商多用现在时，少用将来时，尽管很多条款规定的是合同签订以后的事项 Licensee may terminate this Contract 90 days after a written notice thereof is sent to Li
12、censor upon the happening of one of the following events:当有下列事件之一发生，被许可人提前90天向许可人发送书面通知后，可以终止合同：直接表达方式用得多，间接表达方式用的较少This Article does not apply to bondholders who have not been paid in full. （用得少）本条款不适用于尚未全部偿付的债券持有者。This Article applies only to bondholders who have been paid in full. （用得多）本条款只适用于已全部
13、偿付的债券持有者。尽量使用一个动词，避免使用“动词+名词+介词”的同意短语Party A shall make an appointment of its representative within 30 days after signing the Contract.甲方应于签约后30天内指派其授权代表。宜用appoint代替 make an appointment of. Party A will give consideration to Party Bs proposal of exclusive agency.甲方愿意考虑乙方独家代理的建议。宜用consider代替give cons
14、ideration to.,合同案例,All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto. Should, through negotiations, no settlement be reached, the case in question shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Econom
15、ic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing and the arbitration rules of this Commission shall be applied. The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties hereto. The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission.
16、the performance of this Contract：履行本合同through amicable negotiations：友好协商the Parties hereto：the Parties to this Contract本合同双方shall then be submitted for arbitration：提交进行仲裁the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing：中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会the arbitration rules of this Commission：其仲裁规则the award of the arbitration：仲裁裁决unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission：仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外,合同案例,对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议本合同双方应友好协商解决，如协商无法解决争议，则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京），依据其仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局性的，对双方都有约束力。仲裁费用应由败诉方承担，但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。,Thank you very much !,
