1、词汇应用在初中英语学业水平考试中，词汇应用是英语测试中的一种必考题型，主要考察学生的阅读理解能力以及对所学词汇的运用能力。在做题时要求考生了解短文大意及相关的语境，然后根据上下文提供的信息来确定所给词的适当形式。【题型考点解读】2013 2012 2011名词单复数及所有格1 次（所有格）1 次（所有格）1 次（复数）词性转换3 次（adj-advn-adj 基-序）2 次（adj-adv）2 次（adj-adv）动词时态语态 3 次（时态） 3 次（时态）1 次（语态）2 次（时态）动词短语搭配 2 次 2 次 2 次代词 1 次 1 次 1 次形容词比较级最高级1 次（比较级）1 次（比较
2、级）1 次（比较级）1 次（最高级）介词 +doing 1 次形容词变反义词 1 次 1 次过去分词做后置定语 1 次【题型命题趋势】纵观近几年来的词汇应用题我们会发现有以下几个特点：1.动词形式的变化是考查的重点，包括动词短语的运用。2.可数名词的单复数变化、名词所有格、不可数名词、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、基数词变序数词、形容词的比较级、形容词和副词之间的互相转换等是必考的对象。3.近三年的词汇应用题部分考查了两个到三个短语，有的是动词短语，有的是名词短语。英语中有大量的各种类型的短语需要记忆，所以对这方面的考查是中考的必考点之一。【如何进行复习？】1.厚积薄发谨记心！千道理、万道理、
3、积累背诵才是硬道理。在学习中要对词汇、动词短语以及固定搭配进行积极背诵和及时的巩固复习，只有打牢基础，做题时才能得心应手。2.进行限时训练，总结做题技巧，提高解题能力。【解题方法与技巧】一、词汇应用题解题方法技巧谨记词汇应用题的特点是-词不离句，句不离篇1.认真阅读全句，理解句意2.分析应填词充当的句子成分，准确判断应填词的词性I was surprised with the _(develop) of Shanghai.例题中由句意可知,需要用 develop 的名词形式 development3.综合考虑，判断所填词的正确形式A. 找出提示词例 1：There are many _ (ch
4、ild) in the classroom. 例 2：This lesson is_(difficult) than that one. 例 3：David works_ (care) in his class.解析：例 1 空格前有 many，应填 child 的复数形式。例 2由空格后的 than 可知，应填 difficult 的比较级more difficult。 例 3 空格前有动词 works，可知后应填副词，再根据后面的 in his class 可知，应填 carefully 的最高级 the most carefully。 B. 注意动词短语固定搭配如：use sth to
5、do sth allow sb to do sth spend time (in) doing mind doing sth be interested in 二、常考词性考点分析1. 名词：名词单复要牢记，还有s 不能弃A. Spiderman is one of the most famous comic book _(hero) of all time.B. With tears in his eyes, he asked the question with these words,“Are you _(God) wife?”“No，I m a mother ,”said the wom
6、an.Keys: A. heroes B. Gods2. 形容词、副词：形、副注意用三级，形、副转换时常考，形修名词副修动，牢牢记在心头上A. They cant understand their teacher_(clear)B. But it may be _ (good) than you think Keys: A. clearly B. better4. 数词： 要填数词请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”So he did .He had never sung in public before . Now he was singing for the _(one) time . Keys
7、: first5.填代词需慎重，五格变化（she her her hers herself）要谨记But now at least he can live on _ (he) own Keys: his6.介词：介词后面动名词，常见介词 （ of before after in for with without except by ）记心头After _(explain) something in class, he asked his students if they understood.Keys: explaining7. 动词：动词注意要变形（第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词）; 时态判
8、断方法多，根据时态呼应、上下文、时间状语都可以;语态判断顺句意，动词短语要牢记，平日积累最可贵.A. Be quite! He _ (listen) to the radio . B. Its just because you look like my son , whom I _ (not see ) for a long time . C. If you can think of someone who should _(give) an apology(道歉) from you , do something about it right now. D.The doctor said my
9、 father _(get) well in two months .Keys: A. is listening （根据上下文） B. havent seen (for+段时间 since 短语是现在完成时态的典型时间状语) C. be given(根据句意 ) D. would get（根据时态呼应，在宾语从句中要注意时态呼应。若主句是一般过去时态，从句若不是客观真理，其时态也要用相对应的过去时态）如果所给动词在句子中不作谓语，就应该考虑用动词的非谓语动词形式（to do doing done） 。究竟选用哪种非谓语动词形式，可根据情况从以下几方面来考虑。1. 动词不定式常用的情况是（1）在
10、及物动词后用不定式作宾语如：want to do help to do decide to do would like to do 等 （ 2）用不定式做宾补如： use sth to do sth ask sb to do sth allow sb to do sth want sb to do sth encourage sb to do sth 等 （3） 用不定式做形补如: be pleased to do sth be happy to do sth 等 （4） 用不定式做后置定语如：something to eat have time to do sth have a chance
11、 to do sth a good place to visit the best way to do sth 等 （5）在某些句型中要用动词不定式如：it is time for sb to do sth it is +adj for sb +to do sth （6）在短语 be made to do sth be seen to do sth be heard to do sth be allowed to do sth 中用动词不定式2. 在某些动词后用省 to 的动词不定式，如：make sb do sth let sb do sth 但在某些动词后既可用动词原形又可用doing 来
12、表示不同的涵义如：see sb do sth 看到某人做某事的过程 see sb doing sth 看到某人正在做某事 ，相同用法还有单词 notice watch hear 等。3. 在某些单词后要用动词 ing 形式如：enjoy finish mind spend be busy doing sth look forward to doing sth cant help doing sth have fun doing sth have problems doing sth 4.过去分词做后置定语如：After some time ,one of the brothers picked
13、 up a jar filled (fill ) with gold coins. 【知能训练】(一)Brian was not good at public speaking . One day, he 1 (invite) to make a speech at a church. His 2 (young) sister Ann knew he was nervous and tried to calm him down. “Dont worry. Everything 3 (be) fine. “ When the day came, Brians car had an acciden
14、t on the way to the church. Luckily, he was not 4 (bad) hurt and arrived at the church on time. It was 5 (he) turn . When he stood up, hit coat became tangled with his chair . After a few 6 (minute), he finally began his speech . but he was so nervous that he dropped his book . Many people thought h
15、e would run , but he went on.Suddenly, people saw something 7 (usual) 8 (run) down from his nose, blood! He stopped _9_ (speak) when he saw the blood. But he still tried to finish his speech. Then Ann quietly moved to the front and handed him her handkerchief. Then she gave him a smile and 10 (retur
16、n) to her seat.It was a 11 (real) simple gesture , and might be the 12 (simple) . She just saw someone in need , and gave him a hand. In the end ,Brian finished his talk , with more confidence.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. （二）During the Second World War . Johns family didnt have a washing m
17、achineTherefore , 1 (keep)clothes clean became a problem for them .Before long , a family friend decided 2 (join)the army and his wife was going with him. Johns family told them that they could take care of their furniture(家具) while they were away. To the 3 (family)surprise , the friend suggested th
18、ey should use his Bendix washing machine .“It would be better for it to 4 (use)，rather than sitting 5 (quiet), ”he said.Young John helped with the washing , and he developed a deep love of the old , green Bendix . 6 (Late), the war ended and the familys friend returned. When he came to take the mach
19、ine away. John became very sadHis mother saw this and said to 7 (he). “Son ,you must remember that machine didnt belong to us in the 8 (one)place. It was a gift for us to be able to use it for such a long time. So, instead of 9 (be)sad about the loss. Lets be grateful that we 10 (be)able to use it a
20、t that time.”We have all experienced loss: loss of people and things. However , if we see the thing we 11 (lose)as a gift that we were given for a time, maybe the sad 12 (memory)will change into thankful ones.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. （三 ）Long long ago , two brothers decided to dig a bi
21、g hole behind their house . As they 1 (dig), some young men stopped 2 (watch). “What are you doing?” asked one of the young men .“We want to dig a hole all the way through the earth!” one of the brothers 3 (reply). The young men began to laugh at them. They told them that their plan was quite silly
22、and digging a hole all the way through the earth was 4 (possible).After some 5 (time)，one of the brothers picked up a jar 6 (fill)with gold coins and then a bottle of different 7 (kind) of seeds which made their yard a beautiful garden later on. He showed the amazing things to others. Everyone was s
23、hocked. Then he said 8 (confident),“Even if we cant dig through the earth , look at what we 9 (find) along the way!”Their goal was too difficult to reach, but it did get them to dig . Not every goal 10 (reach)at last. But when you cant get to your goal , perhaps you can say to 11 (you)， “So many gre
24、at things have come into my life while I was doing something It is in the digging that life is livedAnd there is 12 (much) joy in the journey, sometimes than in the end. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. （四）My mother was a 1 (cooker) of our school canteen (餐厅) when I was in middle school . At t
25、hat time she was such an embarrassment (令人尴尬的人 ) to me because she 2 (has) only one eye. Every time I saw her in my school , I pretended 3 (not see ) her and ran away. After 4 (graduate) I got a job in another city and then married and had two 5 (kid). I told my family that my parents 6 (be) dead ,s
26、o they had never seen my mother.One day , my mother came to visit me . My kids were afraid and cried when they saw 7 (she). I was very angry and said, “You must have made a mistake. My mother has been 8 (die) for many years.”After a few days , I received a letter. I 9 (read):My dearest son,Im sorry
27、that I was an embarrassment to you when you were growing up. 10 (How), I has no idea. When you were a little boy, you got into an accident and 11 (lose) your eyes. As a mother, I When I read here , I couldt stop 12 (cry) .1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. （五）1 (do) homework not only can help ch
28、ildren master the knowledge they have learnt but also can train their abilities of finishing the work alone, 2 (plan) the time and doing the 3 (duty). But some children dont like to complete the work .Why ?There are some reasons.Some children feel it is very difficult 4 (do) their homework , because
29、 they cant understand their teacher 5 (clear),and cant follow their teachers teaching process. Maybe there is something wrong with their intelligence.But some childrens intelligence is normal. They are even 6 (clever), but they dont listen to the teacher 7 (careful). It is hard for them 8 (sit) well
30、 and pay attention to anything . It needs to carry on the attention centralized(集中注意力) training 9 (help) the children.Some children love their teacher and then they like the subject. Their interest depends on the teacher who 10 (teach)them. So every teacher should be 11 (help) and kind. It can make
31、children love you and the subject you teach. So they can do their home work 12 (happy).1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. ( 六 )Last year, we spent Christmas and New Year in Queensland, Australia. The beaches were beautiful , and we spent a lot of time 1 (play)by the sea, swimming and surfing. On
32、e day , we were on a beach just in the south of a city 2 (name) Carins. My little sister 3 (look)for shells in the sand down near the waves when she shouted to me , “Hey, Lan! Look what I have found!” I ran down 4 (have) a look , and saw her 5 (point)at a strange black object that was half buried in
33、 the sand, “What is it ?”she asked. I said I didnt know.Just then, my father came over, “Are you enjoying 6 (your),you two?” he asked. Then he saw the strange black thing, “Whats that?” he said, bending down to take a 7 (close) look . Suddenly he said, “Quickly, kids, 8 (get) away from here .Go and
34、play somewhere else.” Then my father called the police.The police studied the thing 9 (careful)after 10 (arrive),and finally they told us it was a 11 (Japan) bomb(炸弹) from World War II. Sometimes they got 12 (wash) up on the beaches there.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. （七）A little girl calle
35、d Fan Yi has caught many peoples attention 1 (recent). The little writers first English story, Swordbird, (剑鸟)was on the New York Times bestseller list for childrens fiction.（虚构小说）Fan Yi 2 (born) in Beijing in 1993.She finished her 3 (one) grade of primary school in Beijing and then moved to the US
36、with her parents at the age of 7. She 4 (interest) in birds greatly since she 5 (be ) a little girl.When Fan was studying 6 (America)history at school, she read many 7 (article)about the September 11 Attacks. She wanted all people 8 (live)in peace with each other .Around that time ,she 9 (have ) a d
37、ream one night. In the dream ,some birds fought with each other. Fan 10 (get) an idea from the dream and turned it into a story . In it , she showed 11 (she ) idea of peace in the world.In the future, Fan will write 12 (many)books for the Swordbirds series .Will she become another J.K.Rowing? We wil
38、l have to wait and see.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. （八）Have you visited the World Expo (世博会) 1 (hold)in Shanghai in 2010? I visited the American pavilion（展馆） and I was very surprised with the 2 (develop)of shanghai .There were a great number of 3 (visitor)visiting the American pavilion ,an
39、d they would not mind 4 (wait)for a long time to visit it .Plenty of American food 5 (provide)at the Expo. What most interested me was that the American pavilion is like a movie theater. The American pavilion uses a three-part, high tech （高科技化的）video 6 (tell)the story of the American spirit to visit
40、ors around the world. The people who watched the American “4-D”show were pleased and 7 (excit).I just spent the day 8 (run)around the city and walking through the World Expo. I was so surprised. What has happened in Shanghai has 9 (hard)happened in the history of the world in such a short time .High
41、 buildings are 10 (rise) everywhere in the city .Large ships head up and down the Huangpu River(黄浦江). New highways appear in every direction(方向) ,and every day a number of cars and buses run on 11 (they).The subways are also longer than before .How great Shanghai is !How great China is ! Im very 12
42、(pride)as a Chinese.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. ( 九)You may know the song Happy Birthday very well .But do you know about its writer? It was written by an American girl. And now she 1 (become )a very rich woman .When she was a child, she was poor. Once she 2 (invite) to her 3 (friend) bir
43、thday party .She was very pleased but sad because she had not enough money 4 (buy )presents for her . “The party 5 (come) soon. Now I have little money. ”Tears ran down her face .Later that night she was in bed , 6 (think)about the presents when the door opened and in came her grandma , “What 7 (hap
44、pen)?” her grandma asked. Hearing the girls story , she said . “dont worry ,I think I can help you .How about singing a song together ? Happy birthday to ”What a beautiful song ! They sang and sang. Suddenly she 8 (wake) up. It was a dream ! She decided to write it down at once and 9 (sing)it to her
45、 friends at the party .When she sang the song at the party the next day ,her little friends 10 (be)very happy . “How wonderfully she sings ! We 11 (not hear)such a song before. Thank you for giving us the special present . ”said one of them .And they learnt to sing it together. Later the girl became well 12 (know)in America.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. ( 十 )Will it matter if you dont take your breakfast ? A short time ago , a test 1 (give)in the United States. People of diff
