1、1译林版七年级 starter 各单元重点语法讲解第一课时：名词单复数讲解及练习一、名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，不可数名词没有单复数，一律看作单数。 问：可数名词的单数前什么时候用 a，什么时候用 an？ 答：以元音音标（或音素）开头的用 an。 以辅音音标（或音素）开头的用 a。 注意：我们看的是音标（或音素），而不是元音字母。练习选择 a 或 an 或不填（用/表示） 1. pen 2. _ bag 3. apple 4. big apple 5. banana 6. orange 7. oranges 8. orange pen 二、可数名词从单数变成复数，变形规则如下： 单数形式
2、 读音 单数变复数（例词）一般名词后+s在清辅音后读s在浊辅音后和元音后发zstamp-_ boy-_boat-_ book-_在以 s,x,ch,sh等结尾的词+es读作iz bus-_, box-_watch-_ class-_以辅音字母+o 结尾的多数加 es读z tomato-_hero(英雄)_potato-_以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词大多数变 f 或 fe 为-ves-vesvz knife-_ leaf-_wife-_ life-_以辅音字母加 y 结尾时变 y 为 i 在加 es,如果 y 前为元音字母时直接加 s-iesiz factory-_ baby-_library-
3、_ city-_boy-_不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman（男警察）-policemen, policewoman（女警察）-policewomen, mouse-mice ，child （孩子）-children foot-feet,. tooth-teeth, fish-fish, sheep（羊）-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, 当people 后加上 s 时即 peoples 表示“民族”例如：There are 56 peoples in China. 中国
4、有 56 个民族。三、以下词为常为不可数名词。Water(水) milk( 牛奶) tea(茶 ) rice(米饭) orange（橙汁）juice（果汁）bread（面包）Exercise一、写出下列各词的复数 I _this _that_watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_thief _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_二、翻译词组及完成句子。1、18 张课桌_ 2、13 张图画_ 3、15 块橡皮_4、20 个学生_ 5、3 座教学楼_ 6、两座图书馆_7、一个
5、餐厅_ 8、4 间阅览室_ 9、7 个铅笔盒_10、-How many _(篮球场)are there in your school?-There are two_(篮球场)and a_(足球场)in it.11、There isnt a(图书馆)_but there are some_(电脑室).12、-Are there any (美术教室) _in your school?-Yes,there is an _(美术教室) 注意 be 动词遇到名词时的运用: 单数名词用 is, 复数名词全用 are.2第二课时：人称代词主格及其形容词性物主代词单数 复数人称 第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人
6、称第二人称第三人称我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他(她)们主格形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs汉语 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（她一、用适当的人称代词填空：1. _ is my aunt. We often visit _. ( she )2. China is a developing country. _is in the east of Asia. ( its )3. What day is _ today? _
7、is Thursday. (its)5. I own a blue bike. The red one isnt _. ( I )6. These new houses are so nice. _ are very expensive.( them )7. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didnt _? ( them )8. Ling Ling is a girl. _ studies in a primary school. _ brother lives with _ and helps _ with_ lessons. ( she )9. Mi
8、ke is my classmate. _ is good at Engliush . ( his )10. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to _ ? ( she )11. Whats the weather like today ? _ is cloudy. ( its )二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空 1. I ate all _ sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of _ ? ( you )2. George has lost _ ( his ) pen. Ask
9、Mary if（是否）she will lend him _ . ( she )3 Jack has a dog and so have I. _ ( he ) dog and _ ( I ) had a fight (打架).4. The teacher wants you to return that book of _ ( he )5. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of _ are coming to see us. ( they )6. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of _ .
10、 (we )三、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空A. 从括号内选择正确的代词填空1. Your football clothes are on the desk.Please put _(they，them，their，theirs) away.2. (We，Us，Our，Ours)_ English teacher is Mrs. Green.We all like _(she，her ，hers).3. (I，Me，My，Mine)_ cant get my kite. Could you help _(I，me ，my，mine)?4. Tom cant get down from the
11、 tree.Can you help _(he，him，his)?6. We cant find our bikes.Can you help _(we，us ，our，ours)?5. These are _(he，him，his) planes. The white ones are _(I，me，mine).3B. 填入正确的人称代词和物主代词1. This isnt_knife. _ is green. ( she )2. These are your books，Kate. Put _ in the desk，please. (they )3. _ must look after _
12、 things. ( you )4. Wei Fang，is that _ ruler? Yes，its.( you )5. They want a football. Give _ the green one，please. ( they)6. Its Lin Taos bag. Give it to _. ( he )7. Is this pencil-box Li Leis? No，_ is very new. ( he )8. This box is too heavy. I cant carry _. ( it )Dont worry，Let _( I ) help _. ( you
13、)9. _ is a boy _ name is Mike. Mikes friends like _ very much. ( he )10. My sister is in _ room. _ is a teacher. ( she )11. Jane is a little girl. _ mother is a nurse. ( she )12. We are in _ classroom. _ classroom is big. ( we)13. My father and mother are teachers. _ are busy ( them)14. You are a pu
14、pil. Is _ brother a pupil, too? ( you )四、用括号中的适当形式填空（1）Are these _（you）pencils? Yes, they are _（our）.（2）Whose is this pencil? Its _（I）.（3）I love _（they）very much.（4）She is_（I）classmate.（5）Miss Li often looks after_（she）brother.（6）Are these _they）bags ？ No, they arent _（their）.They are _（we） .五、根据句意用
15、适当的人称代词、物主代词填空：1. Mary works in a book store. _ likes _work very much.2. John and I are in the same school. _ go to school together.3. Everybody likes that sport, do _?4. She is a friend of _ . We got to know each other two years ago.5. Her sister makes all _ own dresses.6. I have many friends. Some
16、 of_are good at English.7. May I use _ bike? _is broken.六、选择填空1. Whos singing over there ? _ is Sandys sister.A. That B. It C. She D. This2. _ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii.A. She, you and I B. You, she and I C. I, you and she D. Her, me and you3. Between you and _, he is not a real friend
17、.A. me B. I C. he D. his4. My uncle bought a new bike for _.A. theirs B. they C. me D. I6. Heres a postcard for you, Jim! Oh, _ is from my friend, Mary.A. he B. it C. she D. its8. Little Baby knows that he should not take the things that do not belong to _.A. he B. his C. her D. him9. Will anyone go
18、 on a trip with him ? Not _.A. I B. me C. mine D. he410. Among those lovely toys, the brown toy dog was given by _.A. he B. his C. him D. hes第三课时：There be 结构及用法1.There be+名词+地点，表示某处有某物，某人，某事，there 是引导词，无实义，具体有 3种句子结构：There is +可数名词单数+地点 e.g.There is an apple on the desk.There is +不可数名词+地点 e.g.There
19、is some water in the cup.There are+可数名词复数+地点 e.g.There are two cats behind the door.其否定形式是直接在 be 动词后加 not, e.g. There isnt an apple on the desk.一般疑问句是把 be 动词提前 e.g. Is there an apple on the desk?肯定回是 Yes,there is. 否定回答是 No,there isnt.2There be 结构的就近一致原则:be 动词的形式取决于紧挨着 be 的名词的形式。 There(be)a pen and some rubbers in the classroom.There_(be)some rubbers and a pen in the classroom.Exerxise(翻译句子 )1、教师里有一个老师和一些生._2、在小可课桌上有 18 支铅笔和 15 把尺子._3、在墙上有海报吗? 是的 ,墙上有一张海报._4、大课桌上没有盒子和球._
